MELJUN CORTES - Operations Management 7th Lecture (JOB DESIGN)
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Transcript of MELJUN CORTES - Operations Management 7th Lecture (JOB DESIGN)
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8/9/2019 MELJUN CORTES - Operations Management 7th Lecture (JOB DESIGN)
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MELJUN CORTES,MBA,MPA,BSCS,ACSMELJUN CORTES,
MBA,MPA,BSCS,ACS
Operations Management
MELJUNELJUN
MELJUN CORTES,BSCS,ACS
Department of ICT
Faculty of Information
Technology
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MELJUN CORTES,MBA,MPA,BSCS,ACSMELJUN CORTES,
MBA,MPA,BSCS,ACS
H
APTER
7
Design ofWork Systems
MELJUNELJUN
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MELJUN CORTES,MBA,MPA,BSCS,ACSMELJUN CORTES,
MBA,MPA,BSCS,ACS
Job design involves specifying the contentand methods of job
What will be done
Who will do the job How the job will bob will be done
Where the job will be done
Ergonomics
Job DesignJob Design
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MELJUN CORTES,MBA,MPA,BSCS,ACSMELJUN CORTES,
MBA,MPA,BSCS,ACS
Design of Work SystemsDesign of Work Systems
Specialization Behavioral Approaches to Job Design
Teams
Methods Analysis
Motions Study
Working conditions
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MELJUN CORTES,MBA,MPA,BSCS,ACSMELJUN CORTES,
MBA,MPA,BSCS,ACS
Job Design SuccessJob Design Success
Successful Job Design must be: Carried out by experienced personnel with
the necessary training and background
Consistent with the goals of theorganization
In written form
Understood and agreed to by both
management and employees
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MELJUN CORTES,MBA,MPA,BSCS,ACSMELJUN CORTES,
MBA,MPA,BSCS,ACS
Specialization in Business: AdvantagesSpecialization in Business: Advantages
ForManagement:
1. Simplifies training
2. High productivity
3. Low wage costs
ForLabor:
1. Low education and
skill requirements2.Minimum
responsibilities
3.Little mental effortneeded
Table 7.1
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MELJUN CORTES,MBA,MPA,BSCS,ACSMELJUN CORTES,MBA,MPA,BSCS,ACS
DisadvantagesDisadvantages
ForManagement:
1. Difficult to motivate
quality2. Worker dissatisfaction,
possibly resulting in
absenteeism, high
turnover, disruptivetactics, poor attention
to quality
ForLabor:
1. Monotonous work
2. Limited opportunitiesfor advancement
3. Little control over work
4. Little opportunity for
self-fulfillment
Table 7.1
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MELJUN CORTES,MBA,MPA,BSCS,ACSMELJUN CORTES,MBA,MPA,BSCS,ACS
Behavioral Approaches to Job DesignBehavioral Approaches to Job Design
Job Enlargement Giving a worker a larger portion of the total
task by horizontal loading
Job Rotation Workers periodically exchange jobs
Job Enrichment
Increasing responsibility for planning andcoordination tasks, by vertical loading
ME JUN CORTES
MBA MPA BSCS ACS
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8/9/2019 MELJUN CORTES - Operations Management 7th Lecture (JOB DESIGN)
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MELJUN CORTES,MBA,MPA,BSCS,ACSMELJUN CORTES,MBA,MPA,BSCS,ACS
Motivation and TrustMotivation and Trust
Motivation Influences quality and productivity
Contributes to work environment
Trust Influences productivity and employee-
management relations
CO S SCS CSMELJUN CORTES
MBA MPA BSCS ACS
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MELJUN CORTES,MBA,MPA,BSCS,ACSMELJUN CORTES,MBA,MPA,BSCS,ACS
TeamsTeams
Benefits of teams Higher quality
Higher productivity
Greater worker satisfaction Self-directed teams
Groups of empowered to make certain
changes in their work process
MELJUN CORTES MBA MPA BSCS ACSMELJUN CORTES
MBA MPA BSCS ACS
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MELJUN CORTES,MBA,MPA,BSCS,ACSMELJUN CORTES,MBA,MPA,BSCS,ACS
Methods AnalysisMethods Analysis
Methods analysis Analyzing how a job gets done
Begins with overall analysis
Moves to specific details
MELJUN CORTES MBA MPA BSCS ACSMELJUN CORTES
MBA MPA BSCS ACS
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MELJUN CORTES,MBA,MPA,BSCS,ACSMELJUN CORTES,MBA,MPA,BSCS,ACS
Methods AnalysisMethods Analysis
Changes in tools and equipment
Changes in product design
or new products
Changes in materials or procedures
Other factors (e.g. accidents, quality
problems)
The need for methods analysis can comefrom a number of different sources:
MELJUN CORTES MBA MPA BSCS ACSMELJUN CORTES
MBA MPA BSCS ACS
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MELJUN CORTES,MBA,MPA,BSCS,ACSMELJUN CORTES,MBA,MPA,BSCS,ACS
Methods Analysis ProcedureMethods Analysis Procedure
1. Identify the operation to be studied2. Get employee input
3. Study and document current method
4. Analyze the job
5. Propose new methods
6. Install new methods
7. Follow-up to ensure improvements
have been achieved
MELJUN CORTES MBA MPA BSCS ACSMELJUN CORTES
MBA MPA BSCS ACS
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MELJUN CORTES,MBA,MPA,BSCS,ACSMELJUN CORTES,MBA,MPA,BSCS,ACS
Analyzing the JobAnalyzing the Job
Flow process chart Chart used to examine the overall sequence
of an operation by focusing on movements
of the operator or flow of materials Worker-machine chart
Chart used to determine portions of a work
cycle during which an operator andequipment are busy or idle
MELJUN CORTES MBA MPA BSCS ACSMELJUN CORTES
MBA MPA BSCS ACS
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MELJUN CORTES,MBA,MPA,BSCS,ACSMELJUN CORTES,MBA,MPA,BSCS,ACS
FLOW PROCESS CHART
Job Requisition of petty cash
Details of Method
ANALYSTD. Kolb PAGE1 of 2
Operatio
n
M
ovem
ent
In
spec
tion
Dela
y
Sto
rag
e
Requisition made by department head
Put in pick-up basket
To accounting departmentAccount and signature verified
Amount approved by treasurer
Amount counted by cashier
Amount recorded by bookkeeper
Petty cash sealed in envelopePetty cash carried to department
Petty cash checked against requisition
Receipt signed
Petty cash stored in safety box
Figure 7-2
MELJUN CORTES MBA MPA BSCS ACSMELJUN CORTES
MBA MPA BSCS ACS
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MELJUN CORTES,MBA,MPA,BSCS,ACSMELJUN CORTES,MBA,MPA,BSCS,ACS
Motion StudyMotion Study
Motion study is the systematicstudy of the human motions used
to perform an operation.
MELJUN CORTES MBA MPA BSCS ACSMELJUN CORTES
MBA MPA BSCS ACS
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MELJUN CORTES,MBA,MPA,BSCS,ACSMELJUN CORTES,MBA,MPA,BSCS,ACS
Motion Study TechniquesMotion Study Techniques
Motion study principles - guidelines fordesigning motion-efficient work procedures
Analysis of therbligs - basic elemental
motions into which a job can be brokendown
Micromotion study - use of motion pictures
and slow motion to study motions thatotherwise would be too rapid to analyze
Charts
MELJUN CORTES MBA MPA BSCS ACSMELJUN CORTES
MBA MPA BSCS ACS
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MELJUN CORTES,MBA,MPA,BSCS,ACSMELJUN CORTES,MBA,MPA,BSCS,ACS
1. Eliminate unnecessary motions2. Combine activities
3. Reduce fatigue
4. Improve the arrangement of the workplace
5. Improve the design of tools and equipment
Developing Work MethodsDeveloping Work Methods
MELJUN CORTES MBA MPA BSCS ACSMELJUN CORTES
MBA MPA BSCS ACS
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MELJUN CORTES,MBA,MPA,BSCS,ACSMELJUN CORTES,MBA,MPA,BSCS,ACS
Working ConditionsWorking Conditions
T e m p e r a t u r e &H u m i d i t y V e n t i l a t i
I l l u m i n a t i o n C o l o r
MELJUN CORTES MBA MPA BSCS ACSMELJUN CORTES
MBA MPA BSCS ACS
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MELJUN CORTES,MBA,MPA,BSCS,ACSMELJUN CORTES,MBA,MPA,BSCS,ACS
Working Conditions (contd)Working Conditions (contd)
Noise & Vibration
Causes of AccidentsSafety
Work Breaks
MELJUN CORTES MBA MPA BSCS ACSMELJUN CORTES
MBA MPA BSCS ACS
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MELJUN CORTES,MBA,MPA,BSCS,ACSMELJUN CORTES,MBA,MPA,BSCS,ACS
Work MeasurementWork Measurement
Standard time Stopwatch time study
Historical times Predetermined data
Work Sampling
MELJUN CORTES MBA MPA BSCS ACSMELJUN CORTES
MBA MPA BSCS ACS
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MELJUN CORTES,MBA,MPA,BSCS,ACSMELJUN CORTES,MBA,MPA,BSCS,ACS
CompensationCompensation
Time-based system Compensation based on time an employee
has worked during a pay period
Output-based (incentive) system Compensation based on the amount of output
an employee produces during a pay period
MELJUN CORTES MBA MPA BSCS ACSMELJUN CORTES
MBA MPA BSCS ACS
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MELJUN CORTES,MBA,MPA,BSCS,ACSMELJUN CORTES,MBA,MPA,BSCS,ACS
Form of Incentive PlanForm of Incentive Plan
Accurate Easy to apply
Consistent
Easy to understand
Fair
MELJUN CORTES MBA MPA BSCS ACSMELJUN CORTES
MBA MPA BSCS ACS
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MELJUN CORTES,MBA,MPA,BSCS,ACSMELJUN CORTES,MBA,MPA,BSCS,ACS
CompensationCompensation
Individual Incentive Plans Group Incentive Plans
Knowledge-Based Pay System Management Compensation