MELJUN CORTES Mark Up Languages

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MARKUPLANGUAGES

MELJUN CORTES


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MARKUP

- a way of givinginstructions on how a

text should look


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COMPUTERS

Originally intended tocompute


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After almost 30 years .

it became practical to use

them for storing text andprintingit out in anything

but the plainest,typewriter-like format


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Mid to late 1960s

Output devices were

developed that couldcreate printing almost as

good as that of printingpresses


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MARKUP SYSTEM

changed to something

computer typesettingmachines could

understand


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Each organization developedits own specific way to markup text for their computer

system.

MITs runoff system

IBMs page-1


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1969

Charles Goldfarbworked for IBM withEd Mosher and RayLorie to create the

GeneralizedMarkup Language

(GML).


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GML was intended to allow markup to

Mark the function of different

parts of a text for informationretrieval

Allow formatting of the differentparts of text for printing


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PROBLEMS WITH GML:

It was owned by IBM, so it

couldnt be developed by othercompanies or groups.

It was difficult to extend tomeet new needs.


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Goldfarb, William Tunnicliffe, BrianReid, et al, got together to createa markup language that was

an open standard, rather thanproprietary

flexible enough to extend to lotsof new needs


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After 8 years, in 1981

Standard GeneralizedMarkup Language

(SGML)


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1986

A new versionof SGML wasissued.


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SGML is the basis of

HTML

XML

Other markup languages


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The World Wide Webhas been based on two languages:

HyperText Markup Language(HTML)

- for marking up text to be displayed on

the web

HyperText Transfer Protocol(HTTP)

- for transferring information between

Web clients (primarily browsers) and

Web servers.
http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/


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1989

Tim Berners Lee put theconcept of hypertext togetherwith the capabilities of theInternet for the benefit of thescientists he worked with at theEuropean Particle Physics Labnear Geneva, Switzerland.
http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/


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The result: HTML

Simple Flexible


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1996

Tim Berners Lee founded the

World Wide Web Consortium(W3C) to convince major Webstakeholders to develop standards

that would allow the Web to growin a less confusing way.


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EXtensive Markup Language

The vision for XML involved

Taking features of SGML thatwere relevant to the internet

Developing features that would

facilitate exchange of data as well

as text


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EXtensive Markup Language

Like SGML, it was designed as ameta-language (not used directly formarkup but for creating othermarkup languages).

It does not depart from SGML; ituses the same concepts


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XML-based Markup Languages

Extensible HyperText MarkupLanguage (XHTML)likely to be

the most widely known; successor ofHTML

InkMLan XML data format forrepresenting digital ink data that isinput with an electronic pen or stylus

as part of multimodal system


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XML-based Markup Languages

MathMLa low-level specificationfor describing mathematics as a basis

for machine to machine communication SMIL (Synchronized Multimedia

Integration Language) enables simpleauthoring of interactive audiovisualpresentations


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UPLOADING

OVER THE

INTERNET


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UPLOAD or UPSTREAM

- the transmission of data

from a local computer to aremote computer. Itoccurs when one sends

information from hisconnection to his ISP.


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FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

- allows one to

download and uploadfiles on the Internet


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To access manyFTP sites, one

must be an

authorized user.


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FTP sites that maintain public archives

USERNAMEanonymous or ftp

PASSWORDemail address or tap

the enter key


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To upload files, we can use . . .

a browser

WS-FTP software

Microsoft FrontPage

Macromedia Dreamweaver


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1. Type ftp://yourhostname

To upload files using a browser .


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2. A log-in box should appear. Enter your

user name and password. Click Login.


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3. You should then be logged in to your folder.

To upload, drag your files and folders into thiswindow.


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4. Your folder on the server should look like this.

5. To logout of the FTP server, close the Internet

Explorer windows.


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2. When the computer finishes searching, find the icon

for the WS_FTP software and double click on it tolaunch the application.


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3. When the software opens, enter your login information.

4. Click OK & re-enter your password.


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You will then be logged into your folder.

5. On the left hand side of the screen, double-click the drive for the zip drive.


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6. Once you see the contents of your zip disk in the

left hand window, find the www folderwhichshould be inside the internet folder.


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7. Double-click the www folder.


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8. When you see the files and folders inside the left

side window, highlight the file you want to putonline and click the left arrow button to move a

copy of the file to your folder on the server.


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The files and folder structure should then be

successfully copied from the zip disk (seen in theleft window) to the server (seen in the right

window).

MELJUN CORTES Mark Up Languages

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