MELJUN CORTES internet

Introduction:I.I. UNDERSTANDING UNDERSTANDING INTERNETINTERNET

The Internet is a massive network comprised of thousands of computers located on almost every part of the world. These computers exchange information using a common language, or protocol.

The Internet is not controlled by any one person or agency. It belongs to no one and has no physical location. Each computer connected to the Internet is a small part of the whole. Consequently, the Internet is always evolving and being redefined.MELJUN CORTESMELJUN CORTES

PREPARED BY: JYR MARIE VISTER - REYES

The INTERNET is a network of all the computers in the world. It provides a great deal of electronic information that is organized in many different ways and represents many different topics. It is also considered as the largest electronic library in the world or better yet a superhighway full of information.

Introduction:I. UNDERSTANDING INTERNET

Information Superhighway


Some Uses of the InternetExchange of information via global communication links.Retrieve information on any topic for your own use (in school, business, or just about anything.)Add, include or share your own ideas, thoughts and creation, publish them instantly to millions of people around the world.Have fun browsing the ideas, thoughts and creation of others.


I. UNDERSTANDING INTERNET Brief History

The Internet began in 1969 as ARPANET, an information network that connected military researchers, contractors, and universities. A unique feature of ARPANET was dynamic rerouting which sent information quickly to any site even when there were breaks in the network.

Around 1980, universities first allowed students and staff to access ARPANET Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) for non-official purposes. This caused the population and uses of ARPANET to grow unchecked. In 1990, ARPANET was overwhelmed and was shut down. The Internet has taken its place.


LOOKING AT THE INTERNETExamining the growth of the Internet

The Internet began as one computer network in 1969. Now it is comprised often of thousands of networks. Over 35 million people use the Internet, and currently, as estimated 160,000 new users join each day. The Internet is growing exponentially.

The Internet is spreading over the entire planet; every continent is feeling its presence. Sites around the world contain valuable information pertaining to business, education, research, and entertainment. Using the Internet opens up avenues for accessing all types of resources.


LOOKING AT THE INTERNET Exploring the future of the Internet

Because the Internet is not regulated, no one can predict what will happen in its future. It is expected, however, that over 100 million people world wide will be connected to the Internet by 1998.

Video teleconferencing will become more feasible as software and hardware improve and allow virtual classrooms and offices to become a reality. The Internet will continue to be used more and more, and may, in some cases replace phones and fax machines.


II. HOW INTERNET WORKSThe internet is primarily composed of telephone lines. When you open a connection and transfer information, a piece of the network or telephone lines is dedicated to you even if you are using it.

The different pieces of the internet are connected by a set of computers called “routers”, which connect networks together. These networks are sometimes Ethernet, sometimes Token Ring, and sometimes telephone lines. Therefore, the internet can get data from many different places, distributed all over the world.


II. HOW INTERNET WORKS

The internet uses a protocol (or rule) called IP (Internet Protocol) which takes care of the addressing of a packet and make sure that the routers knows to do it when arrives.

The internet use address scheme which works like the postal service. The postal address is composed of the name of the country, the region, the town, the street, and its number and finally the name of a person or organization. To avoid crisis in naming they create DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM (DNS)



THE DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM (DNS)

ZONE - rightmost part of the name e.g., .net, .com, .orgDOMAIN - Internet Service Provider from which the organization or person is connected.USER/ACCOUNT - defines the user name or account@ - “at” sign, the separator form the remaining name

Example:[email protected]

user

separatordomain

zone



The internet uses a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), which prevents in the transmission of data. The TCP transforms the data that needs to be transmitted into pieces “or packets” and add some information so that the receiver of the packets is able to know if a mistake appeared during the transmission. Furthermore, transmitting small pieces of information (packets) prevents any user from monopolizing the network, and allows anyone to send data.


II. HOW INTERNET WORKSThe Internet Connection Options

Setting up your Internet will yield three possible connection paths.1. You can buy your own, direct connection to the Internet. This involves buying a computer (server), configuring it, and leasing some fiber optic cables or similar transmission media. In this case your computer becomes a node on the network. You become part of the Internet by being a permanent domain on the Internet (a domain is a site of a host computer).2. You can choose a connectivity through a dial-up connection. When dialing for the Internet, you will likely be offered a choice of what type of dial-up account you want. If you want the world-wide web, you need a provider who can offer a SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol) or PPP (Point-to-Point) connection. Using SLIP or PPP is the second best thing. Here you dial-up someone who already has a direct connection



And renting use of their connection, they are popularly known as INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER or ISP.What do you need to make this king of Internet connection?

- PC- Modem (internal or external)- Telephone line- Browser- Internet Service Provider

3. Another kind of a direct connection, is that your computer or your local area network (LAN) is connected to the Internet all the time.

To achieve a direct connection your LAN is connected to the router, which carries signal that has been translated from your computer’s language into the official language of the Internet, TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol). The router then is connected, via a special high-speed telephone lines, to the nearest Internet.



Any computer that is connected to the Internet, or that is equipped with a modem, is capable of accessing the Internet. The Internet has its own language, or protocol, called TCP/IP. The Internet protocol enables computers of various platforms to freely exchange information.

Connecting to the Internet requires communications hardware and software. You should purchase a modem that transmits data at 14,400 bps (bits per second) or faster. Communications software is usually included with most modems.


III. THE INTERNET SERVICES

• NEWSGROUP - bulletin boards used to provide a central spot for the exchange of information. In the internet, bulletin boards are called Newsgroup. Each Newsgroup focuses on a particular interest.

• TELNET - Mail evolved spontaneously, as messages accompanying file transfers. Telnet Forums grew out of mail, and ftp (File Transfer Protocol), evolved out of remote log-ins. Telnet (teletype network) allows you to perform real time login to remote computers. You can interact with another computer by using your computer, which is as good ad a non-vocal phone conversation. The process can cover many different purposes. With FTP, a distant computer allows us to download/save large files from its storage area. With remote log-ins, we can actually run programs on distant computers.



They might let us browse information--library catalogs for example--as if we were there, real-time. No waiting for a librarian. FTP - One of the main reasons people connect to the Internet is to download a copy of a shareware program. The Internet uses FTP (File Transfer Protocol) to handle the process of transferring files over th Internet to your computer. A protocol is like a program or language enabling two or more computers to transmit data to each other. Some browse, like Netscape, comes with built-in FTP support, so you don’t need a separate FRP program to download files from the Internet.

FTP essentially does two things. First, it transmits large files, likes, like receiving many-paged documents by fax. And second, it hand-delivers it right to the file folder where you want to keep it.



• GOPHER - Gopher’s basic interface is a menu. This program connects you to the Gopherspace. Gopherspace was designed to create an interconnected index of files and documents located on various Gopher servers throughout the Internet.

• HTML - stands for HyperText Markup Language and is based on SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language), standard for describing documents. HTML is basically a set of specifications for the formatting of documents. Its documents are plain texts also, known as ASCII files that can be created using any text editor.


III. THE INTERNET SERVICES Exploring E-mailLooking at e-mail

• E-MAIL - An electronic mail , refers to any correspondence sent between computers in a network. Computers can connect to an Internet mail server, a system that lets their computer send messages to any e-mail address in the world. E-mail allows quick, paperless correspondence that is faster than a fax machine.

E-mail is the Internet’s mail system. E-mail allows free, almost instantaneous contact between Internet users anywhere in the world. E-mail makes it possible for all types of computers to send messages and files to each other.


III. THE INTERNET SERVICES Exploring E-mailLooking at e-mail

Addresses are the key to e-mail communication. All Internet users have an address that directs their mail to a specific computer on the Internet. E-mail addresses are assigned to users by their Internet providers.

When sending e-mail, you must use the exact address or the message are standardized and contain a User ID (user identification) that tells the Internet exactly where to send the message.


III. THE INTERNET SERVICES World Wide Web (WWW)

• WWW - World Wide Web is the most visual part of the Internet. It is also the fastest growing part of the Internet, which maybe because it is also easy to access and to explore. It is based on the display of Web pages, which are computer documents that can present text, graphics, and sounds. A Web page represents a single location on the Web. When you are on the Web, you can usually only see on the Web page at a time. A Web site is made up of two or more interconnected Web pages presented as a unified place on the Web.


INTERNET RELAY CHAT(IRC)

IRC stands for Internet Relay Chat and it can be compared to CB (CITIZEN’S BAND) Radio. From an IRC server you elect to join a channel in IRC, each participants contributions are displayed on the screen of all the others taking part in a conversation.

In IRC you can join an existing conversation or try to start one of your own. The topics being discussed will be as buried as the people participating. When you join your name (Nickname) will be announced to others on that channel.

IRC is definitely individual and simultaneous. There can be few or many participants at any given time.


THE WORLD-WIDE- WEBHypertext - documents in an electronic form that are linked together in some fashion.Hypermedia - multimedia consisting of text, graphics, audio, and video.World-Wide-Web (WWW) - information space on the Internet where hypermedia documents are stored and can be retrieved by means of a unique addressing scheme.


World-Wide Web TerminologyWeb Site - This refers to a computer

linked to the Internet containing hypermedia that can be accessed from any other computer in the network by means of hypertext links.

Hypertext Link - This refers to a pointer consisting of text or graphic that is used to access hypertext stored at any Web Site. The text is typically underlined and displayed in blue.


World-Wide Web TerminologyWeb Page - This refers to a

hypermedia file stored at a Web site, which is identified by a unique address.

Home Page - This refers to the first page of a Web site. Other pages at the site can be reached from the home page.

URL (Universal Resource Locator) - This refers to the address of a Web page, pronounced “earl.”


World-Wide Web Terminology Protocol - is a set of standards that

govern the communication of data. HTTP is the protocol for hypertext, and the letters stand for HyperText Transport Protocol. The protocol name is in lower-case, and it is fol lowed by a colon (:) and two slashes(//).

Domain name - is the address of the Web site where the Web page is stored. The


World-Wide Web TerminologyThe name can contain periods (called

dots0. The last three letters of the domain name specify the type of Web site; edu ( education), com (commercial), and gov (government) are the ones most often used. The domain name is followed by a single slash.

Path - can identify a certain account at the Web site and the HTML.


World-Wide Web TerminologyBROWSER - This refers to a

software system that enables you to retrieve hypermedia by typing in search parameters or clicking on a graphic.

FTP (File Transfer Protocol) - This refers to a software that enables you to copy f i les onto your computer from any Web site.


THE WORLD-WIDE- WEBHypertext - documents in an electronic form that are linked together in some fashion.Hypermedia - multimedia consisting of text, graphics, audio, and video.World-Wide-Web (WWW) - information space on the Internet where hypermedia documents are stored and can be retrieved by means of a unique addressing scheme.


INTERNET SECURITYFIREWALL - is a filter that restricts the flow of data between the firm’s internal network and the Internet. It establishes one safeguard for all computers on the network rather than separate safeguards for each computer.

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