Mekong Malaria Elimination Epidemiology summary

Volume 5, January–March 2019

Overview (January–March 2019)

From January to March 2019, Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) countries reported 14 964 malaria cases,

representing a 31% decrease compared to the same time period in 2018.

CambodiaThe country reported 10 322 cases, a 26% decrease compared to the same time period in 2018 . Cases are mostly in the nor th-

eastern and south-western regions of Cambodia, along the forested border areas with Viet Nam, Lao PDR and Thailand.

ChinaThe country reported no indigenous cases.

Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR)The country repor ted 1620 ca ses, a 6% increase compared to the same time period in 2018 . Most cases are in the five southern

provinces.

MyanmarThe country reported 1623 cases, a 56% decrease compared to the same time period in 2018. Most cases are in the border

states/region to India and Bangladesh.

ThailandThe country reported 778 cases, a 33% decrease compared to the same time period in 2018 . Most ca ses are in the border

provinces to Malaysia, Myanmar and Cambodia.

Viet NamThe country repor ted 621 cases, a 57% decrease compared to the same time period in 2017. Most cases are indigenous and

located in the border provinces to Cambodia.

Monthly malaria incidence in the GMS (last 12 months)*

*Incidence is calculated as the number of reported cases per month per 1000 population.

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0.4

0.45

0.5

Apr-18 May-18 Jun-18 Jul-18 Aug-18 Sep-18 Oct-18 Nov-18 Dec-18 Jan-19 Feb-19 Mar-19

Cambodia China Lao PDR Myanmar Thailand Viet Nam

Monthly malaria incidence by country* (2017–2019)

Regional map of malaria incidence by province (January-March 2019)*

*Incidence is calculated as the number of reported cases from January to March 2019 per 1000 population.

The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted and dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement.

Cambodia

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

Jan Mar May July Sep Nov

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

Jan Mar May July Sep Nov

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

Jan Mar May July Sep Nov

Lao PDR Myanmar

Thailand

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.01

Jan Mar May July Sep Nov

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

0.02

0.025

0.03

Jan Mar May July Sep Nov

Viet Nam

*Incidence is calculated as the number of reported cases per month per 1000 population.

Incidence per1000 population

Percentage of P. falciparum cases by month by country* (2017–2019)

Cambodia

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

Jan Mar May July Sep Nov

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

Jan Mar May July Sep Nov

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

Jan Mar May July Sep Nov

Lao PDR Myanmar

Thailand

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

Jan Mar May July Sep Nov

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

Jan Mar May July Sep Nov

Viet Nam

Cambodia

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

Jan Mar May July Sep Nov

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

Jan Mar May July Sep Nov

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

Jan Mar May July Sep Nov

Lao PDR Myanmar

Thailand

0.0%

0.1%

0.2%

0.3%

0.4%

0.5%

Jan Mar May July Sep Nov

0.0%

0.2%

0.4%

0.6%

0.8%

1.0%

1.2%

1.4%

1.6%

Jan Mar May July Sep Nov

Viet Nam

Monthly test positivity rate (TPR) by country* (2017–2019)

*Percentage of P. falciparum cases is calculated as number of confirmed cases due to P. falciparum divided by total confirmed cases per month per country.

*TPR is calculated as number of confirmed cases divided by number of tested cases (including rapid diagnostic tests and micros copy) per month per country.

1 Mixed cases include cases identified with more than one Plasmodium species. Other cases refer to P. malariae, P. ovale, P. knowlesi and unknown. Data in the table include microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). 2 Numbers of cases tested are reported from the vertical malaria programme, including data from some public hospitals.

Monthly malaria cases and deaths by country in 2018 (January–December)

Country Surveillance indicator1 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Cambodia

Deaths 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Suspected cases tested 18714 16579 18135 18303 20314 26373 29676 30026 27773 27882 26978 28571

Confirmed cases 5591 4170 4102 4368 5136 6832 7059 6514 6315 6095 5459 4745

P. faliciparum cases 2473 1501 1267 1371 1388 1995 1838 1389 1513 1402 1168 884

P. vivax cases 2933 2561 2735 2877 3554 4631 4976 4937 4633 4573 4168 3767

Mixed cases 185 108 100 120 194 206 245 188 169 120 123 94

Other cases 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

China

Deaths 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Suspected cases tested 10961 8712 10488 10391 14468 13994 14404 16670 13344 14245 12095 12060

Confirmed cases 11 14 20 23 25 32 21 12 8 1 3 2

P. falciparum cases 1 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0

P. vivax cases 10 13 20 21 25 32 20 12 8 1 2 2

Mixed cases 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Other cases 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Lao PDR

Deaths 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 1 0

Suspected cases tested 16680 15402 17095 17591 22527 25872 28444 29751 31295 29285 24261 28868

Confirmed cases 685 457 390 425 762 969 1006 762 802 907 919 944

P. faliciparum cases 445 223 192 227 448 544 563 368 406 447 494 466

P. vivax cases 231 226 190 192 309 415 433 388 387 449 405 469

Mixed cases 9 8 8 6 5 10 10 6 9 11 20 9

Other cases 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Myanmar

Deaths 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 3 3 0

Suspected cases tested 87965 92146 93140 85631 97133 103497 124868 132246 147269 130228 114470 112368

Confirmed cases 1731 1072 916 1016 1694 3057 2989 2227 1913 2023 1319 1096

P. faliciparum cases 1111 627 506 514 960 1828 1804 1443 1242 1332 773 622

P. vivax cases 572 426 395 487 714 1203 1136 742 624 657 520 461

Mixed cases 51 20 17 18 25 47 57 42 48 35 26 12

Other cases 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2

Thailand2

Deaths Data not provided

Suspected cases tested 78393 75602 69544 66027 83232 93596 83609 91165 74765 75294 94681 81992

Confirmed cases 463 392 305 438 740 1026 879 592 524 597 455 339

P. faliciparum cases 58 42 47 53 87 117 84 64 69 83 64 53

P. vivax cases 368 321 238 367 609 860 752 501 413 489 369 269

Mixed cases 7 9 7 3 14 12 8 2 8 4 4 1

Other cases 30 20 13 15 30 37 35 25 34 21 18 16

Viet Nam

Deaths 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Suspected cases tested 146677 121634 165569 176352 204014 185103 166957 169698 171835 172351 157244 152475

Confirmed cases 614 475 357 255 209 195 265 281 451 594 645 472

P. faliciparum cases 368 290 206 139 99 93 173 165 270 412 426 319

P. vivax cases 229 169 138 106 101 96 88 112 173 180 215 151

Mixed cases 16 15 11 8 7 5 4 1 6 2 3 2

Other cases 1 1 2 2 2 1 0 3 2 0 1 0

1 Mixed cases include cases identified with more than one Plasmodium species. Other cases refer to P. malariae, P. ovale, P. knowlesi and unknown. Data in the table include microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). 2 Numbers of cases include data from two systems: the malaria information system (MIS) and the health information system (HIS).3 Numbers of cases tested are reported from the vertical malaria programme, including data from some public hospitals.

Monthly malaria cases and deaths by country in 2019 (January–March)

Disclaimer: The Mekong Malaria Elimination (MME) is an initiative aimed at supporting the countries in the Greater Mekong Subregion towardsthe goal of malaria elimination by 2030. The World Health Organization (WHO) has compiled data for this publication based on reports from

the countries in the Greater Mekong Subregion. The data presented in this publication are based on available data as of May 2019. Thedesignations employed and the presentation of the material in this summary do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the

part of WHO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiersor boundaries. WHO does not warrant that the information contained in this summary is complete and correct and shall not be liable for any

damages incurred as a result of its use. This summary may not be reviewed, abstracted, quoted, reproduced, transmitted, distributed,translated or adapted, in part or in whole, in any form or by any means without the prior written consent of WHO.

WHO/CDS/GMP/MME/2019.02 © World Health Organization 2019 . Some rights reserved. This work is available under the CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO licence.

Data sources: Reported cases include cases reported from all sources of public health facilities, community health workers and the privatesector, except for Myanmar data which do not include private sector data. The case count in China includes only indigenous cases. For the

regional map of malaria incidence by province, the annual population estimate is based on the estimate submitted by each country to theWorld Malaria Report in 2017. All other population estimates are based on the annual UN estimate of total population.

Country Surveillance indicator1 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Cambodia2

Deaths 0 0 0Suspected cases tested 29208 31715 35107Confirmed cases 4413 3238 2671P. faliciparum cases 692 443 268P. vivax cases 3661 2740 2366Mixed cases 60 55 37Other cases 0 0 0

China

Deaths 0 0 0Suspected cases tested 11259 9049 10114Confirmed cases 13 4 4P. faliciparum cases 0 0 0P. vivax cases 13 4 4Mixed cases 0 0 0Other cases 0 0 0

Lao PDR

Deaths 0 0 0Suspected cases tested 29994 26851 31082Confirmed cases 793 428 399P. faliciparum cases 323 153 122P. vivax cases 455 274 273Mixed cases 15 1 4Other cases 0 0 0

Myanmar

Deaths 1 0 0Suspected cases tested 97660 97109 77143Confirmed cases 804 487 332P. faliciparum cases 349 203 114P. vivax cases 443 277 218Mixed cases 12 8 2Other cases 0 0 0

Thailand3

Deaths Data not providedSuspected cases tested 83930 73501 69385Confirmed cases 312 231 235P. faliciparum cases 49 32 27P. vivax cases 245 184 188Mixed cases 1 4 2Other cases 17 11 18

Viet Nam

Deaths 0 0 0Suspected cases tested 72916 81034 151158Confirmed cases 231 129 261P. faliciparum cases 145 83 153P. vivax cases 85 45 106Mixed cases 0 0 2Other cases 1 1 0