Mehran University Collage of Engineering and Technology Abdul Latif Abro Roll No: 12EL-05 Group:...
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Transcript of Mehran University Collage of Engineering and Technology Abdul Latif Abro Roll No: 12EL-05 Group:...
Mehran University Collage of Engineering and Technology
Abdul Latif AbroRoll No: 12EL-05Group: 10,11, 05
Outlines:
History of Computer• Generation of Computer• Types of Computer• Classes of Computer
History of Computer
By 3000 B.C., had developed written symbols to represent numbers
Computational methods developed to save labor and solve practical problems (i.e. gov: problems)
Applications included measuring time, drawing straight lines, counting money, and computing taxes
Developed tables for multiplication, square and cube roots, exponents, formulas for quadratic equations
Babylonians and Egyptians not systematic reasoners ; trial-and-error methods not always precise
The Origins of Computers
The Abacus Dates back to the
ancient Orient Beads represent
different values In used by the Greeks
and Romans in 500 B.C.E.
In this example the top frame beads are valued at 5 and the bottom frame beads represent 1
It ruled in the world ofcalculations until the 1500s and is still considered useful today.
History of Computers
beads on rods to count and calculatestill widely used in Asia!
History of Computer
Slide Rule Edmund Gunter (1581-1626) invented forerunner of
slide rule in 1620. Slide rule invented around 1630. Slide rule is ruler-like device marked with logarithmic
scales used to perform mathematical calculations. Slide rule used extensively for mathematical
calculations Its use continued to grow through the 1950s and
1960s does not depend on electricity or batteries. displays all the terms of a calculation along with the
result
History of Computer
Computer Generations
• First Generation - 1940-1956: Vacuum Tubes
• Second Generation - 1956-1963: Transistors
• Third Generation - 1964-1971: Integrated Circuits
• Fourth Generation - 1971-Present: Microprocessors
• Fifth Generation - Present and Beyond: Artificial Intelligence
Vacuum Tubes
Very expensiveVery bigVery hotUsed a lot of electricityBroke down a lotBut boy…were they cool at the time Vacuum tubes were used that have no air
inside and protects circuitry .
1st G
enera
tion
1940
- 1
956
The ENIAC
Built: 1943First fully electronic
digital computer built.Electronic Numerical
Integration and Calculator
ENIAC weighed 30 tons
contained 18,000 vacuum tubes.
It was considered to be a computer
1st G
enera
tion
1940
- 1
956
Transistors and other developments.
1956 – Computers began to incorporate Transistors
One transistor could replace many tubesThey made computers smaller and cheaperAssembly Language was introduced Magnetic Cores were used.
2nd G
enera
tion
1956
- 1
963
Transistors
Uses Silicondeveloped in
1948on-off switchSecond
Generation Computers used Transistors, starting in 1956
2nd G
enera
tion
1956
- 1
963 3 different
transistors showing how they kept getting smaller and smaller
3 different transistors showing how they kept getting smaller and smaller
Size vs. time
Integrated Circuits, Semiconductors and Silicon Discs
Integrated Circuits used(chips).
Integrated Circuits are transistors, resistors, and capacitors placed together into a single “chip” which increase speed
Transistors became small and built onto silicon chips called semiconductors
Speed of computer increased due to use of transistors.
3rd G
enera
tion
1956
- 1
963
Circuit paths
Circuitry in chips
As vacuum were replaced by transistors that still creates a lot of heat.
scientist develop Integrated Circuits (IC). Using IC was only to prevent damage of
computer. semiconductors were used that increase the
speed and efficiency of computer. users can interact through mouse and
keyboard.
3rd G
enera
tion
1956
- 1
963
The Microprocessor
Microchips.Microprocessors begin to move away from the
computer into other areas of everyday productsGetting smaller and smaller, but we are still
using microchip technology Thousands of integrated circuits were built onto
single chip.IBM sells its first computer designed for the
“home user” The microprocessor was made to be used in
calculators,
4th G
enera
tion
1971
- P
rese
nt
Great increases in speed, storage, and memory
Increased networking, speed in Internet
Both wide area network (WAN) and local area network (LAN) developed
Cell PhoneStill in DevelopmentThousands of computation can take
place at same time.
Artificial intelligence5th
Genera
tion
1971
- P
rese
nt
IBM PC
IBM-Intel-Microsoft joint ventureFirst wide-selling personal
computer used in business8088 Microchip - 29,000
transistors• 4.77 Mhz processing speed256 K RAM (Random Access
Memory) standardOne or two floppy disk drives
Generations of Electronic Computers
First Generation
Second Gen.
Third Gen.
Fourth Gen.
Technology Vacuum Tubes
Transistors Integrated Circuits (multiple transistors)
Microchips (millions of transistors)
Size Filled Whole Buildings
Filled half a room
Smaller Tiny - Palm Pilot is as powerful as old building sized computer
Evolution of Electronics
Vacuum Tube – a dinosaur without a modern lineage
Transistor Integrated Circuit Microchip
Types Of Computer
Computer
AnalogueComputer
DigitalComputer
HybridComputer
Analogue Computer: An analog computer uses one kind of physical quantity to represent the behavior of another physical system, or mathematical function. it uses analogue signals.
Digital Computer: A computer that stores data in terms of digits and proceeds in discrete steps from one state to the next.
Hybrid computers are computers that comprise features of analog computers and digital computers.
Types Of Computer
Classes of Computer
Computer
DesktopComputer
Workstation computer
Notebook PC
Tablet Computer
Handheld PC
Smart PC
Super Computer
Mainframe Computer
Mini Computer
Micro Computer
Desktop computerA desktop computer that
fits on a desk and runs on power from an electrical wall outlet.
The CPU can be housed in either a vertical or a horizontal case.
Has separate components (keyboard, mouse, etc.) that are each plugged into the computer.
There are two designs (Horizontal and Vertical)
used for communication, edit photography.
Workstation Computer
Powerful desktop computer designed for specialized tasks.Can also be an ordinary personal computer attached to a LAN (local area network).More power than desktop Computer.Large resolution monitors and accelerated graphics.
Notebook Computer
Use same type of technology as Pc but bit modifications as require less powerTake up less spaceEasy to movesize 8.5 to 11 inch called laptops. These requires BatteriesCostly as compare to PC.
Tablet PC
Same functions as notebook PC but has special input called Stylus.Stylus serves as a mouseSupports real-time writing; everything does not need to be done in advance, as in PowerPoint can save class work, or any assignment. More expensiveTablet PC just as capable as any notebook
Stylus
Smart Phones
perform functionalities other than the typical phone.
Can access email , surf the internet
diary, electronic organizer, reminders, and a contact list are also in feature.
transfer files to friends while online, or transfer files to friends via email.
faster connection to the internet. And can get weather coverage etc.
Super computer is the most powerful computer as physically they are large in size. Can process huge amounts of data and are faster. Can perform trillions of calculation per sec. have high operational rate than any computer.A super computer contains a number of CPU which operate in parallel to make it faster.
Super Computer
Main Frame Computer
Mainframe computers are those computers that offer faster processing and grater storage area.
Application – Host computer, Central data base server.
used in large organizations such as bank or insurance organization
designed to handle specific task.
Application – Host computer, Central data base server.
Mini Computer
These are also small general purpose system.
They are generally more powerful and most useful as compared to micro computer.
used in Network Servers, work group system.
Can handle much more input and output.
designed for single user but can access more work.
Micro Computer
Micro computer are the smallest computer system.
There size range from calculator to desktop size. Its CPU is microprocessor.
Used as personal computer, Multi user system, offices.
Used in schools, homes etc Enable people to do their
job efficiently. used for music, editing,
photography
The END Thanks