Megh Pyne Abhiyan: Drinking Water in North Bihar
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Transcript of Megh Pyne Abhiyan: Drinking Water in North Bihar
Megh Pyne Abhiyan,Bihar
DRINKING WATERISSUES, CONCERNS AND ACTION IN NORTH BIHAR
The issue of drinking water in north Bihar has wide-ranging and multiple consequences
with direct and indirect impact on various aspects of people life
RIVER BASIN MAP
ABOUT NORTH BIHAR• North Bihar has an area of about 5.4 million hectares
• Playfield of 8 major rivers – Gandak, Burhi Gandak, Adhwara group of rivers, Bagmati, Kamla, Bhutahi Balan, Kosi and Mahananda.
• 17 per cent of the total flood affected area of the country is in Bihar
• 57 per cent of the total floods affected people in the country belong to Bihar. Out of which 76 per cent reside in north Bihar
• 76 per cent of the land in north Bihar is flood affected and approximately 86 per cent of people depend on agriculture for their existence
• Excessive water logging – as per state government’s report, approximately 0.8 million hectares of land is waterlogged every year, 15 per cent of agricultural land is rendered useless affecting livelihood of 6 million people
• The alluvial formations constitute prolific aquifers where the tubewell can yield between 120-247 m³/hr
• The main alluvial tract covers entire north Bihar and a sizeable area south of the Ganga River
• The Terai soil is found in northern part of Bihar along the border of Nepal
• Clay soil, sand soil and loamy soil are common in Bihar
GROUNDWATER SCENARIO IN BIHAR
• The annual replenishable groundwater resource is estimated at 29.19 Billion cubic metre (BCM).
• The net annual groundwater availability is 27.42 BCM
• The annual groundwater draft is calculated at 10.77 BCM with 39 per cent of groundwater development
• CGWB claims there are no over exploited, critical zones and semi critical zones in the state
• The Bihar Groundwater (Regulation and Control of Development and Management) Legislation was approved in 2006
DRINKING WATER CONCERNS IN BIHAR is directly proportionate to the
seasonal variability
• 28.2 million human lives
• 23,852 villages were affected
• Crops over an area of 2.51 million hectares were destroyed
FLOODS OF 1987
FLOODS OF 2004
• 20 districts
• 21 million people
FLOODS OF 2007• 22 districts
• 25 million population
• 1.6 million hectares of standing crops destroyed
• .73 million houses destroyed
• Approximately 1000 human deaths
FLOODS OF 2008
• 18 districts
• 4.8 million population
• Estimated value of total damage is 21,643.61 lakh
Leading to PROBLEMS...
• Disruption of individual, family and community life• Collapse of micro-agro-economy,
restricted/stunted livelihood opportunities and perpetuation of money-order economy
• Continued existence on certain facilities despite its inappropriateness
And the list continues…..
I. Status of drinking water sources during floods...
II. Water scenario during dry season...
Problems
• Absence of safe drinking water sources resultingin a myriad of health related problems.
• Groundwater contamination• Disregarded water quality issue• Forgotten practices of ensuring clean water • Forgotten practices of managing water at the
community level• Centralized and uniform approach - Bihar seeks
Rs 470 cr central aid to clean up groundwater(2008)
Groundwater profile – CGWB’s perspective
Begusarai, Bhagalpur, Bhojpur, Buxar, Darbhanga, Katihar, Khagaria, Kishanganj, Lakhiserai,Munger, Patna, Purnea, Samastipur, Saran, Vaishali
Arsenic (>0.05 mg/l )
Aurangabad, Banka, Bhagalpur, Bhojpur, Bhabua, Patna, Rohtas, Saran, Siwan
Nitrate (>45 mg/l)
Aurangabad, Begusarai, Bhojpur, Buxar, Bhabua(Kaimur), East Champaran, Gopalganj, Katihar, Khagaria, Kishanganj, Lakhiserai, Madhepura, Muzafferpur, Nawada, Rohtas, Saharsa, Samastipur, Siwan, Supaul, West Champaran
Iron (>1.0 mg/l)
Aurangabad, Banka, Buxar, Bhabua(Kaimur), Jamui, Munger, Nawada, Rohtas, Supaul
Fluoride (>1.5 mg/l)
-√√√-√NC√West Champaran
-√√√√√NC√Madhubani
√√-√√√NC√Khagaria
-√√√√√√√Saharsa
√√-√-√√√Supaul
ArsenicColiform(apl)
Fluoride(apl)
Ammonia(apl)
Nitrate(apl)
Iron(apl)
Phosphorus(Above
permissible limits)
pH(>
8.5)
District
GROUNDWATER PROFILE DEVELOPED BY MEGH PYNE ABHIYAN’S PRELIMENARY WATER TESTING EXERCISE
1------12008Dugwell
15------232008HP
1------12007Dugwell
10------232007HPSarsava
Testing of water sources for Coliform contamination
2-1----32008River
1-----112008Dugwell
15-6-13-15192008HP
3-1---232007River
1-1---112007Dugwell
6-17-17-5202007HPSarsava
ColiformFluoride(> 1.5 mg/l)
AmmoniaNitrate(> 45mg/l)
Iron(> 1
mg/l)
Hardness(> 600 mg/l)
pH(>
8.5)
Total tested water
sources
Year Water source
Panchayat name
-32008Dugwell
14202008HP
-52007Dugwell
6202007HPKhagaria (Madarpur)
Arsenic (> 0.05 mg/l)
Total tested water sources
Year Water source
District
Megh Pyne Abhiyan’sbelief and commitment
• Exploring contextual, meaningful and innovative interventions
• Structured intervention in terms of problems and plausible alternative solutions
Safe drinking water during floods
TECHNIQUE AND PROCESS
1,91,5362584341Total
6,808 685 28 West Champaran (2007)
6,923-94Madhubani (2007)
Approximately 1.5-1.75 lakh
of human population
171951Khagaria (2007)
14,3009472Saharsa (2007)
13,5058696Supaul (2007)
Total number of families
benefitted
Number of individual
installations
Number of community rainwater harvesting
system
Districts
Benefits
• Access to safe and secure drinking water • Minimizing negative impact on health well being• Addressing gastro-intestinal problems• Developing a common platform at the village
level
Safe drinking water after floods
Water literacy
Dug well revival
561838Grand Total
431West Champaran
1798Madhubani
725Khagaria
13211Saharsa
15213Supaul
TotalRepairedRevivedDistrict
Adopting traditional know how
Way forward…
Profiling groundwater in flood plains of north Bihar– Typology– Developing hydro-geological-ecological arguments with
regard to the present state of the groundwater– Highlighting the groundwater problems and establishing
factors for its occurrence– Appropriate groundwater management practices