Meenu__Digital Rights Management

8/7/2019 Meenu__Digital Rights Management

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-Meenu A M


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Outline

2/3/2011 2Digital Rights Management

IntroductionTechnologies

Laws regarding DRM

Controversy

ShortcomingsConclusion


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Introduction


DRM controls the use of digital content

Preventing access, copying or conversion to other formats

by end users

Digital media files may be duplicated an unlimited number of

times

Digital piracy-Internet and popular file sharing tools, has

made unauthorized distribution of copies

DRM disallow copyright infringements

DRM is implemented byonline music stores

e-book publishers

television producers


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2/3/2011 Digital Rights Management 4


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Technologies


DRM and film

DRM and television

DRM and musicComputer games

E-books

DRM and documents

WatermarksMetadata


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DRM and film


Content Scrambling System (CSS) employed by the DVD Forum since 1996

Simple encryption algorithm

License agreementsDeCSS by Jon Lech Johansen in 1999

Protected Media Path by Windows Vista

Protected Video Path (PVP)

PVP can encrypt information during transmission to the monitor

Advanced Access Content System (AACS) by AACSLicensingAdministrator

Used by Intel

Microsoft

IBM

Toshiba

Sony


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DRM andtelevision


The CableCard standard

The Broadcast flag concept

Supported by Federal Communications

Commission (FCC)Obey specification determining whether or not a

stream can be recorded

Block time-shifting

It was adopted by Digital Video Broadcasting

Project (DVB)

Content Protection and Copy Management (CPCM)

An updated variant of the broadcast flag

It was developed in private


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DRM andmusic


Audio CDs

Discs with DRM schemes could not be played on all CD players

Sony's DRM software

Root kitHolding shift key or disabling autorun

Abolish DRM completely

Internet music

The iTunes run by Apple

Napster music store

Wal-Mart Music Downloads

"Connect" run by Sony

Kazaa


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Computergames


To limit the number of systems the game can be installedMass Effect in mid 2008 using DRM

Spore in 2008 using DRM

Prince of Persia by Ubisoft in late 2008Anno 1404

James Cameron's Avatar

The Sims 3byElectronic Arts in June 2009

Silent Hunter 5 by Ubisoft using Uplay authentication

The Settlers 7

Assassin's Creed 2

Uplay servers suffered by DDoS attack (Distributed Denial-of-Serviceattack)


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E-books


DRM restrictions to limit copying, printing, and sharing of e-books

Main e book formats at present :

Mobipocket

Topaz

ePubPDF

Main e book DRM schemes at present :

Adobe's Adept DRM

Apples Fairplay DRM

Barnes & Noble

AmazonTwo software programs to view e-books :

Adobe Acrobat e-book Reader

Microsoft Reader sealed , inscribed and owner exclusive e books


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DRM anddocuments


Documents such as

Microsoft Word

PDF

AutoCAD files

emails

intranet web pages

Enterprise digital rights management (E-DRM orERM)

Commonly known as IRM (Information Rights Management)DRM has been used by organizations such as the

British Library


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Watermarks


Digital watermarks involve data embedded within the

audio or video data

Added during production or distributionPurposes

recording the copyright owner

recording the distributor

recording the distribution chain

identifying the purchaser of the music


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Metadata


Metadata are information such as

purchaser's name

account information

email address

Metadata are is not embedded in the played audio or

video data, but within separate file


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LawsregardingDRM


Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright

Treaty (WCT) in 1996

WIPO stands forWorld Intellectual

Property Organization

The American implementation is

the Digital Millennium

Copyright Act (DMCA)The European implementation is

the European directive on

copyright


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Digital MillenniumCopyright Act


It was passed on May 14, 1998

This act criminalizes the productionand dissemination of technology

that allows users to circumvent

technical copy-restriction

methods


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Controversy



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DRM opposition


DRM critics are :John Walker, as expressed for instance, in his article

The DigitalImprimatur : How bigbrotherandbig

media can putthe Internetgenie backinthe

bottle

Richard Stallman in his article

The Rightto Read as:"DRM is an example of a malicious feature - a

feature designed to hurt the user of the software,

and therefore, it's something for which there can

never be toleration video.flv

Professor Ross Anderson of Cambridge University

Mr.Cory Doctorow, a prominent writer and technologyblogger

Other organizations :

TechMediums.com

FreeCulture.org

GNU General Public License


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DRM-Free


Due to the strong opposition that

exists to DRM, many

companies and artists have

begun advertising their

products as "DRM-FreeApple began selling "DRM-Free"

music through their iTunes

store in April 2007

However iTunes continues to use

DRM on movies, TV shows,

ringtones, and audio books


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Shortcomings


Methods to bypass DRM

DRM on general computing platforms

WatermarksObsolescence


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Methodstobypass DRM


Burn the content to an audio CD and then Rip it

into DRM-free filesAnalog hole

Use software to record the signals being sent

through the audio or video cards, or to plug

analog recording devices into the analogoutputs of the media player


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DRM ongeneralcomputingplatforms


DRM are designed to work on general purpose

computing hardware

Software must include all the information necessary todecrypt the content, such as the decryption keys

An attacker will be able to extract this information,

directly decrypt and copy the content


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Watermarks


Watermarks can very typically be removed,although degradation of video or audio can

occur.


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Obsolescence


When standards and formats change, it may

be difficult to transfer DRM-restricted

content to new media


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Conclusion


The future ofDRM

The technology can be expected to be heavily used in

the future to support :

Digital library collections

Code and software development

Distance education

Networked collaboration


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Questions



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Thankyou!


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