Medieval India “Sultanates of Delhi” Medieval India “Sultanates of Delhi”

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© 2012 Maharaj Mukherjee India “Sultanates of Delhi”

Transcript of Medieval India “Sultanates of Delhi” Medieval India “Sultanates of Delhi”

Page 1: Medieval India “Sultanates of Delhi” Medieval India “Sultanates of Delhi”

Medieval India“Sultanates of Delhi”

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Map of the Known World(Around 900 AD)

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Around 900 AD(View of the World)

• America-s (North and South) were not known• Australia was yet to be discovered• Most of Africa was not known• Rest of the World was well populated and

divided into small and big empires, kingdoms, principalities and duchies, sultanates etc.

• And they were all fighting with each other• This lasted for almost 500 years.

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Map of the Known World

(Around 900 AD)

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Why People Fight• The same reason people migrate• Basic Needs for Survival

–Food and Water–Climate and Weather–Population pressure and Competition–Freedom

• Pursuit of Happiness – Fight over an Idea–We can be happier in the future

• When there were no more places left to migrate, they would fight –And that would happen for almost 500 years

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Fight for Ideological Reasons• Fight over an Idea

– Religion – Our religion is better than yours– Race – Our race is superior to yours– Social Norms or Structure – Our form of government is

better than yours• Why people fight over an idea

– Because ideas define how the future is going to be– If the present is not good enough you can at least hope

that future will be good– Ideas can move larger groups of people than the basic

needs alone.• Medieval Time is the first time when many wars started over

Ideas only – without the basic need for foods etc. • In modern times – most wars are essentially fought over

ideas• Even in a democracy elections are fought over ideas

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The Instruments of Wars• Horses(Cavalry) – Used for Offensive or

Attack purposes– Increasingly they decided the results of war

because of their speed, strength, size and intelligence

– They were used in every wars since 900 through 1900 in every continent including Americas

• Forts and Castles – Used for Defensive or Protection Purposes

• In many city states castles/forts were built to protect the peasants and farmers and all the people around it.

• They were the primary instruments of defense in a war in Medieval Ages

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Kumbhalgarh fort : Perimeter wall is 20 miles long. Six horses could ride abreast on the fort ramparts.

Kumbhalgarh fort built by Maharana Kumbha.

Vijay Sthamb (Victory Tower) built by Maharana Kumbha

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Rise of Islam • Most of the Rulers of

India during the Medieval times were followers of Islam

• Islam is the newest major World Religion

• It is one of the three major religions coming from the Middle East– Christianity– Islam– Judaism

• All three religions are based on teachings of prophets – Similar to Avatars in

Hinduism– Tirthankaras in Jainism

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Influence of Islam in Medieval Time• Islam rejects human, plant or animal forms

of symbolisms– Gave rise to Geometry and Algebra– Islamic arts are the first form of abstract arts

based on purely geometric design• The most beautiful palaces were built

during the Islamic periods

Taj Mahal, Agra, India Alhambra Palace, SpainTypical Islamic Art

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Islamic Empires in IndiaEmpires of India

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-500 0 500 1000 1500 2000

Common Era

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Sultanate of Delhi • Most of the Islamic Rulers

came either from Afghanistan or Iran

• Some of them have originally come from Turkey

• There had been several wars between 900 – 1100 AD between Afgan/Iran Sultans and Hindu Indian kingdoms

• Mohammed Ghori of Afghanistan established the Sultanate of Delhi in 1191

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Different Dynasties of Delhi Sultanate

Qutbuddin Aibak: 1206 – 1210Iltutmish: 1211 – 1236Balban: 1266-1287

Alauddin Khilji: 1294 – 1316Muhammud Bin Tughlak 1325 – 1351Tughlaq and Sayyid Dynasty 1352 -1451Lodhi Dynasty 1460 - 1527