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Medicines and Drugs Anti-virals Julia Barnes Anna Cruickshank.
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Transcript of Medicines and Drugs Anti-virals Julia Barnes Anna Cruickshank.
Medicines and Drugs
Anti-viralsJulia Barnes
Anna Cruickshank
Objectives D.7.1 State how viruses differ from
bacteria. D.7.2 Describe the different ways in which
antiviral drugs work. D.7.3 Discuss the difficulties associated
with solving the AIDS problem.
Virus vs. Bacteria
Acellular Not living Don’t metabolize energy or
produce ATP Cannot reproduce
independently Usually surrounded by a
protein capsid as well as a cell membrane
No nucleus or cytoplasm Have DNA or RNA 100 nm (nanometers)
Cellular Living Do metabolize energy and produce ATP Do reproduce independently Maintain a cell membrane but not a protein capsid Nucleus and cytoplasm Have DNA or RNA 1000 nm
Virus vs. BacteriaStructure
Click on Picture
Antiviral Drugs How the virus works
Invades host cell Using enzymatic processes the virus stimulates the host
cell to produce viral nucleic acid Viral nucleic acid is coated with protein and released from
host cell
How antivirals work Chemically block enzyme activity in host cell
This stops the virus from replicating Altering the host cell’s ribosomes, making them useless to
the virus
More Specifically…
Possiblities for Intervention Alteration of host binding site Alteration of cell wall Prevention of virus losing its
protein coat Blocking reverse
transcriptase HIV and AZT
Altering genetics of virus Prevention of virus exit from
cell Influenza and amantadine
YA! MOVIE!
http://www.csb.yale.edu/userguides/graphics/ribbons/help/dna_rgb.gif
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RO8MP3wMvqg&feature=related&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1
AIDSAcquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
HIV Retrovirus (RNA instead of DNA) Attacks white blood cells – disables immune
system Uses reverse transcriptase to make DNA copies
off of the virus’ RNA
Possible AIDS Drugs Chemical group -
nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors
AZT (3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine) sold under Retrovir or Retrovis
Inhibits reverse transcriptase enzyme
Does not inhibit normal cell activity
Difficulties With TreatmentGenerally Speedy reproduction
Fast evolution and mutation
Thousands of reproduced viruses by the appearance of symptoms
Difficult to entirely eliminate viruses Oral herpes treated with
acyclovir
For 5 Points… What is one difference between bacteria
and a virus?
Acellular Not living Don’t metabolize energy or produce
ATP Cannot reproduce independently Usually surrounded by a protein capsid
as well as a cell membrane No nucleus or cytoplasm Have DNA or RNA smaller
Cellular Living Do metabolize energy and produce
ATP Do reproduce independently Maintain a cell membrane but not a
protein capsid Nucleus and cytoplasm Have DNA or RNA larger
For 10 Points… What must a virus have before it can
replicate or reproduce?
A host cell
For 15 Points… What are TWO ways antivirals alter the
host cell?
Blocking enzyme activity or altering the ribosomes
For 20 Points… What is the name of the capsule containing
the viral RNA?
The Capsid
For 25 Points… Name a possible AIDS medicine and what it
does in the cell.
AZT blocks reverse transcriptase enzyme