Medicine for Mars - Kevin Fong
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Transcript of Medicine for Mars - Kevin Fong
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Medicine Medicine for for MarsMarsKevin Fong
@kevin_fong
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1962
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1969
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MarsMars
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How?
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When?
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1000 day missions
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The Next Small StepThe Next Small Step
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NASA KC-135 Parabolic NASA KC-135 Parabolic FlightFlight
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NASA KC-135 Parabolic NASA KC-135 Parabolic FlightFlight
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Human Responses to Weightlessness
Change in Hydrostatic Pressures in 0g
Changes in Body
Functions in 0g
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37% loss in muscle mass over 7 days with
gravitational unloading
Fitts et al., Journal of Applied Physiology, 2000
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2% loss in bone mineral density per
month amongst astronaut crews
Vico et al. Lancet. 2000 May
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Impaired coordination
Hallucinations Space Motion
SicknessBlack, Paloski et al. Acta Otolaryngol 1995
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Orthostatic Intolerance
Li-Fan Zhang et al., Journal of Applied Physiology 2001
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"All the conditions necessary for murder are met if you shut two men in a cabin measuring 5 metres by 6 and leave them
together for two months.“
Cosmonaut Valery RyuminSalyut6, 1980
Psychological Problems
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MIR Program Post-flight
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125 days125 days
162 days162 days
Crew Recovery Status: Mir & ISSObserved post-landing capabilities of Mir & ISS Observed post-landing capabilities of Mir & ISS
crewmembers may be predictive for just-arrived crewmembers may be predictive for just-arrived Mars crewmembers.Mars crewmembers.
1 year1 year
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approx 500 mapprox 500 m
Habitat
Descent vehicle
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125 days125 days
162 days162 days
Crew Recovery Status: Mir & ISSObserved post-landing capabilities of Mir & ISS Observed post-landing capabilities of Mir & ISS
crewmembers may be predictive for just-arrived crewmembers may be predictive for just-arrived Mars crewmembers.Mars crewmembers.
1 year1 year
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1000 day missions
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Artificial Gravity
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Human Adaptation and Countermeasures GroupNASA Johnson Space Center April 2004
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1923 Hermann Oberth
Mc
Rc
Rr
Mr
CM
Mc = mass of the craft for the crew
Rc = radius of the tether from Mc to the center of mass
Mr = mass of the counterweight craft
Rr = length of the tether from the counterweight to Cm
Angular speed should be no greater than 2 rpm to avoid motion sickness
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Mars Mission Concept 1: Fire Baton
Spin axis
Artificial Gravity Map
0
50
100
150
200
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
Angular Rate (rpm)
Rot
atio
n R
adiu
s (m
)
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Design Goal
• Nominal design = 1.0 g– Essentially no data on efficacy of hypo-g as
countermeasure– Acquiring this data would likely be difficult,
time-consuming, and expensive• Rotation levels ≤ 4 rpm
– Acceptable crew adaptation times based on rotating room studies
• Implies rotation radius of ≥ 56 meters
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• Alternative to long-duration g crew countermeasures
– 1-g @ 4 rpm• May simplify qualification of some
spacecraft systems operating at 1g• Synergism between Artificial Gravity
(AG) requirements and Nuclear Electric Propulsion vehicle design
– Booms to separate crew from reactor/ AG moment arm
– “Nuclear Power Module” as counterweight• Impacts currently under study
– No show-stoppersso far
~4 rpm
~125
m
1.0-g
Artificial Gravity Option
1969: NERVA1969: NERVA
1999: Bimodal NTR1999: Bimodal NTR
2002: NEP2002: NEP
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You are here. . . . The Milky Way
100,000 light years across 100 billion stars
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The Virgo Super Cluster: Closest large cluster of galaxies50 million light years acrossContains ~ 2000 galaxies
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The Visible Universe
Two thousand billion billion stars
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The Solar System
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Medicine Medicine for for MarsMarsKevin Fong
@kevin_fong
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