Medicine and Healing

The Fantastic FourSaul Nunez

Kaitlin Hensch

Fiona O’Connor

Diego Cardenas

Allopathic Vs. HolisticMedicineSaul Nunez

Allopathic Medicine System of medicine that

treats disease with the use of remedies which produce effects different from those produced by the disease under treatment.

Focuses on disease 400 B.C.E. Figure 1. Drugs

http://product-image.tradeindia.com

Saul Nunez

History The term “allopathy” was

invented by German physician Samuel Hahnemann

Allos “opposite” and pathos “suffering”

19th century

Figure 2. Samuel Hahnemann www.general-anaesthesia.com/images/samuel-hahnemann

Saul Nunez

How It’s Used M.D.’s and surgens practice

it Drugs Surgery Today’s conventional

method

Saul Nunez

Figure 3. Surgery http://wichita.kumc.edu/surgery/images/index_surgery.jpg

Holistic Medicine Holistic medicine is a form of health care that focuses on the

harmony of the physical, mental emotional, social and spiritual aspects of health.

Form of lifestyle to prevent disease Healing force within the body

Saul Nunez

Holistic Medicine Originated in India and

China 5,000 years ago 1926- Holism introduced Holistic medicine became

more recognized in the1970s and is one of the accepted methods of alternative medicine.

Figure 4. Holistic medicine http://www.espavo.biz/holistic_medicine.jpg

Saul Nunez

How It’s Practiced Acupuncture Meditation Yoga Fasting and cleansing Magnetic therapy Herbal therapy Music therapy Chiropractic

Figure 5. Yoga http://www.laragreene.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/yoga.jpg

Saul Nunez

Women in MedicineFiona O’Connor

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“Against the State, against the Church, against the silence of the medical profession, against the whole machinery of dead institutions of the past, the woman of today arises.”

-Margaret Sanger- Birth control pioneer

Key Contributions Made by Women Women across the globe

have made significant contributions in various fields of medicine.

Others have worked to emphasize the roles of culture and spirituality in healing.

Dr. Marilyn Gaston Dr. Gaston was the first

African American woman to direct a Public Health Service Bureau.

Her 1986 study of sickle-cell disease led a nationwide screening process to test newborns for immediate treatment.

Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell Known for being the first

woman to graduate from a medical school (M.D.) and a pioneer in educating women in the fields of medicine.

Founded the New York Infirmary for Women and Children.

Dr. Rebecca J. Cole Became the 2nd African

American woman to earn an M.D. degree in the United States in 1867.

She worked at Blackwell’s NY Infirmary for Women and Children, where she was responsible for advising mothers living in poverty on how to best care for their families.

Dr. Patricia Bath Ophthalogimist from New

York patent a method for removing cataract lenses that transformed eye surgery by using a laser device for more accuracy.

Her passion for the treatment and prevention of blindess led her to develop the Cataract Laserphaco Probe.

Overcoming Obstacles Women's participation in the medical professions was limited

by law and practice during the decades while medicine was professionalizing.

However, women kept practicing medicine in the allied health fields (nursing, midwifery, etc.), and throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, women made significant gains in access to medical education and medical work through much of the world.

Hierarchies of Preference: Modern

Medicine, the Pharmacological Industry and technology

Diego Cardenas

A look into the past…

Women were the first healers

Any remedy, treatment, surgical procedure, or instrument invented before male takeover can be attributed to a woman or women.

Ancient goddesses of healing

Moche pots portray curer as woman

Mesopotamian clay tablet records herbal and other natural remedies

Scandinavian women’s graves contain surgical instruments

Takeover through Mythology

Old Husbands’ tales replace previous stories

Female deities are devalued

Principle role of procreation taken away from female deities

Takeover through Literature

Little has been written about women’s role in medicine before the middle ages

Records were usually written or compiled by men

Galen- Greatest medical writer after Hippocrates had a preference for medicine over surgery

Bronze Age Middle Ages

Male physicians became more prevalent

Shift from herbal remedies to magic spells and incantations

Medicine as a profession is forbidden to women

Spread of Christianity

Witch burning holocaust

Full Male Takeover

Passing over of medical knowledge

A Woman’s Role in MedicineKaitlin Hensch

Women in Medicine Today The American Medical Women's Association (AMWA) is

an organization of women physicians, medical students and other persons dedicated to serving as the voice for women's health and the advancement of women in medicine.

The organization was founded by Dr. Bertha VanHoosen in 1915 in Chicago

As women in medicine increase in numbers, new problems and issues arise that were not anticipated.

Woman Man

Where does this job fall?

Nurse Pediatrician Gynecologist Obstetrician Mid-wife

Surgeon Doctor Specialist Cardiologist

Why do we automatically think one job is for a man and another is for a woman?

Some things to think about… Why do we want our mom to take care of us when we’re sick

but think about most doctor’s as being men? Most primary caregivers are women. While medicine was being professionalized women kept

practicing medicine in the allied health fields (nursing, midwifery, etc.)

Throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, women made significant gains in access to medical education and medical work through much of the world.

Takeover Theory Review:

The decline in the power of women due to:

The introduction of Christianity

Discovery in male role in procreation

The domestication of animals

Events that caused Takeover “Witches” were burned for practicing medicine Midwifery and knowledge of birthing was passed on to males Medicine became a profession (male dominated) Laws were passed to now allow women into the entry of

medical schools

Class Theory: Marxism Labor= proletariat anyone who earns their

livelihood by selling their labor power

They have little choice but to work for capital, since they typically have no independent way to survive.

Capital = the bourgeoisie anyone who gets their

income not from labor The income of the

capitalists, therefore, is based on their exploitation of the proletariat

Quiz 1. What are three different ways holistic medicine is

practiced? 2. Name two of the female inventors mentioned and how

they contributed to medicine. 3. Name two events that caused Takeover in the medical

field. 4. At what point in time did male physicians become more

prevalent? Why?

Bibliography http://naturalhealthperspective.com/tutorials/allopathy.html http://www.holisticmed.com/whatis.html http://medicineworld.org/alternative/holistichealth.html http://www.voltairine.org/womenresisters.html http://www.gallowglass.org/jadwiga/herbs/WomenMed.html http://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/changingthefaceofmedicine/index.

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