Medicinal Plants in Mongolia
Transcript of Medicinal Plants in Mongolia
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MEDICINAL PLANTSIN MONGOLIA
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MEDICINAL PLANTS
IN MONGOLIA
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WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
Medicinal plants in Mongolia
1. Plants, Medicinal - Mongolia. I. World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific.
ISBN 987 92 9061 632 0 (NLM Classification: QV 770 JM6)
World Health Organization 2013
All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization are available on the WHO web site (www.who.int) or can be purchase
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Western Pacific, P.O. Box 2932, 1000, Manila, Philippines, fax: +632 521 1036, e-mail: [email protected]
The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever o
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delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreemen
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published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and us
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CONTENTS
Contents
Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................................................................................
Preface .............................................................................................................................................................................................
Achillea asiatica Serg. ..................................................................................................................................................................
Acorus calamus L. .........................................................................................................................................................................
Aquilegia sibirica Lam. ................................................................................................................................................................
Artemisia macrocephala Jacquem. ex Besser ......................................................................................................................
Asparagus dahuricus Link .........................................................................................................................................................
Astragalus mongholicus Bunge ..............................................................................................................................................
Berberis sibirica Pall. ....................................................................................................................................................................
Bergenia crassifolia (L.) Fritsch .................................................................................................................................................
Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd. ........................................................................................................................................ Bupleurum sibiricumVest Ex Roem. & Shult. ........................................................................................................................
Cacalia hastata L. ........................................................................................................................................................................
Carum carvi L. ...............................................................................................................................................................................
Chaerophyllum gracile Freyn. Sint. ..........................................................................................................................................
Chelidonium majus L. .................................................................................................................................................................
Chiazospermum erectum Bernh. .............................................................................................................................................
Cotoneaster melanocarpusLodd., G.Lodd. & W.Lodd. .......................................................................................................
Crataegus sanguinea Schrad. ...................................................................................................................................................
Dactylorhiza salina (Turcz. ex Lindl.) Soo .............................................................................................................................. 4
Dianthus superbus L. ..................................................................................................................................................................
Dianthus versicolor Fisch. ex Link. ........................................................................................................................................... 4
Dracocephalum foetidum Bunge ...........................................................................................................................................
Echinops latifolius Tausch ..........................................................................................................................................................
Ephedra monospermaJ.G.Gmel. ex C.A.Mey. ........... ............. ............ ............ ............. ............ ............. ............ ............ ........
Erysimum flavum (Georgi) Bobrov ..........................................................................................................................................
Euphorbia discolor Ledeb. ..........................................................................................................................................................
Gentiana algida Pall. ...................................................................................................................................................................
Gentiana barbata Froel. ..............................................................................................................................................................
Gentiana decumbens L.f. ...........................................................................................................................................................
Geranium pratense L. .................................................................................................................................................................
Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. ex DC.............................................................................................................................................
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iv MEDICINAL PLANTS IN MONGOLIA
Haplophyllum dahuricum (L.) G. Don f. .................................................................................................................................. 78
Heteropappus altaicus (Willd.) Novopokr. ............................................................................................................................ 80
Hippophae rhamnoides L. ......................................................................................................................................................... 82
Hyoscyamus niger L. ................................................................................................................................................................... 86
Inula britannica L. ........................................................................................................................................................................ 89Iris potaninii Maxim. .................................................................................................................................................................... 92
Juniperus sabina L. ...................................................................................................................................................................... 95
Lagotis integrifolia (Willd.) Schischk. ...................................................................................................................................... 97
Ledum palustre L. ...................................................................................................................................................................... 100
Leontopodium lentopodioides (Willd.) Beauverd .......................................................................................................... 103
Leonurus deminutusV.I.Krecz. ........... ............ ............. ............ ............ ............. ............ ............. ............ ............. ............ ........ 105
Leonurus sibiricus L. ................................................................................................................................................................. 107
Lilium pumilum Delile ............................................................................................................................................................. 110
Lomatogonium carinthiacum(Wulfen) Rchb. ................................................................................................................. 112
Lomatogonium rotatum (L.) Fr. ex Fernald ............ ............ ............ ............. ............ ............. ............ ............ ............. .......... 115
Malva mohileviensis Downar. ................................................................................................................................................ 118
Mentha arvensis L. .................................................................................................................................................................... 120
Myricaria longifolia Ehrenb. ................................................................................................................................................... 122
Odontites ruber Gilib. ............................................................................................................................................................... 124
Oxytropis myriophylla DC. ..................................................................................................................................................... 127Oxytropis strobilacea Bunge ................................................................................................................................................. 130
Paeonia anomala L. ................................................................................................................................................................. 133
Panzeria lanata Bunge ............................................................................................................................................................ 136
Pentaphylloides fruticosa(L.) O. Schwarz. ......................................................................................................................... 138
Physochlaena physoloides G. Don ........................................................................................................................................ 140
Plantago majorL. ..................................................................................................................................................................... 143
Polygonatum odoratum(Mill.) Druce. ................................................................................................................................ 146
Polygonum aviculare L. ........................................................................................................................................................... 149
Polygonum hydropiperLour. ................................................................................................................................................. 151Polygonum viviparum L. ......................................................................................................................................................... 154
Potentilla anserina L. ............................................................................................................................................................... 156
Potentilla tanacetifolia Schur. ............................................................................................................................................... 158
Pyrola incarnataFisch. ex DC. ............................................................................................................................................... 160
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CONTENTS
Rheum undulatum Pall. .......................................................................................................................................................... 1
Rhodiola quadrifidaFisch. & Mey. ........................................................................................................................................ 1
Rhodiola rosea L. ....................................................................................................................................................................... 1
Rhododendron adamsiiRehdes ........................................................................................................................................... 1
Rosa acicularis Lindl. ................................................................................................................................................................ 1
Rumex acetosa L. ...................................................................................................................................................................... 1
Salsola laricifoliaLitv. ex Drobow ............. ............ ............ ............. ............ ............. ............ ............ ............. ............ ............. 1
Sambucus manshurica Kitag. ................................................................................................................................................ 1
Saussurea amara Less. ............................................................................................................................................................ 1
Saxifraga hirculus L. ................................................................................................................................................................. 1
Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. .............................................................................................................................................. 1
Senecio vulgaris L. .................................................................................................................................................................... 1
Sophora alopecuroides L. ....................................................................................................................................................... 1
Stellaria dichotoma L. ............................................................................................................................................................. 1
Stellera chamaejasme L. ......................................................................................................................................................... 2
Tanacetum vulgare L. .............................................................................................................................................................. 2
Taraxacum officinale(L.) Weber. ............. ............ ............ ............. ............ ............. ............ ............ ............. ............ ............. .. 2
Thermopsis lanceolataR. Br. .................................................................................................................................................. 2
Thlaspi arvense L. ...................................................................................................................................................................... 2
Tribulus terrestris L. ................................................................................................................................................................... 2
Trollius asiaticus L. .................................................................................................................................................................... 2
Urtica cannabina L. .................................................................................................................................................................. 2
Vaccinium vitis-idaeaL. .......................................................................................................................................................... 2
Valeriana alternifolia Ledeb. ................................................................................................................................................. 2
Vincetoxicum sibiricum (L.) Decne. ....................................................................................................................................... 2
Zygophyllum potaniniMaxim. .............................................................................................................................................. 2
Index of English Plant Names ........... ............. ............ ............ ............. ............ ............. ............ ............ ............. ............ ........... 2
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vi MEDICINAL PLANTS IN MONGOLIA
Acknowledgements
Many dedicated scientists worked together tirelessly to create this volume.
Data collection and compilation of the phytochemical aspects containing information about chemical constituentand qualitative and quantitative assays was conducted and coordinated by: Professor Narantuya S., Health Science
University of Mongolia (HSUM); Associate Professor Purevsuren S., School of Pharmacy, HSUM; and Professor Tsetsegma
S., School of Pharmacy, HSUM.
Data collection and compilation of the traditional medicine aspects including Tibetan names of the plants wa
coordinated by: Professor Natsagdorj D., president of the Training Centre of Mongolian Traditional Medicine Manb
Datsan, Otoch Manramba Institute of Traditional Mongolian Medicine; Mongolian Honored Doctor, Professo
Oldoh S., Dean of the School of Traditional Medicine, HSUM; Ms Khurelchuluun B., lecturer in the School of Traditiona
Medicine, HSUM; and Professor Chimedragchaa Ts., director of the Corporation of Mongolian Traditional MedicineResearch and Technology.
Professor Ganbold E., head of the Department of Biology, Ulaanbaatar University and Professor Batkhuu B., lecture
at the Mongolian National University (MNU) coordinated the collection of information on the English name
synonyms, distribution, habitat and morphology of the plants. Professor Batkhuu B., Khurelchuluun B., Associat
Professor Purevsuren S., School of Pharmacy, HSUM; and Professor Suran D., head of the Department of Botany, MNU
photographed the plants.
Information on the plant parts used, the anatomical structure of the plants and their bioactivities was provided bAssociate Professor Bayasgalan B., School of Pharmacy, HSUM; and Professor Choijamts G., head of the Department o
Pharmacology, School of Medicine, HSUM.
The monographs were compiled by Associate Professor Purevsuren S. and editing was done by Dr.Tuya M., President o
the Society of Mongolian Pharmacists.
Special appreciation goes to Professor Emeritus Geoffrey A. Cordell, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois a
Chicago, for his fine technical editing.
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PREFACE
Preface
This volumeone in a series on medicinal plants in Member States of WHOs Western Pacific Regionintrod
Mongolian traditional medicine and details the nature and uses of medicinal plants found in the country.
Traditional medicine has always played a major role in Mongolia. Traditional medicine continues to be practiced w
playing a vital role in the health-care needs of a large portion of the population. Folk medicine, based on the experie
of nomadic people, has its own unique medical theory, techniques and medications in Mongolia. Some aspec
Mongolian folk medicinealong with elements from other Asian systems, such as Tibetan medicine, Ayurveda
traditional Chinese medicinehave been integrated into the Mongolian medical system.
Traditional medicine practices and knowledge, including the use of medicinal plants, have been passed
one generation to the next via oral traditions. Without systematic documentation of the role of indigenous p
in Mongolia, we risk losing information about herbal medicine in Mongolia. This volume serves to help recorddocument this important traditional medicine system.
Researchers and practitioners from various branches of scienceincluding otoch manramba or doctors of tradit
medicine, pharmacists, pharmacologists, medical doctors, botanists and chemiststeamed up to develop this b
The authors pored over hundreds of books and manuscripts to document the properties of medicinal plants in Mong
This publication presents the medicinal plants used most commonly in Mongolia. Each monograph con
colour pictures of the plant and a wide array of information, from the Tibetan and English names to the micros
characteristics of the plant.
This book should increase understanding of the value of medicinal plants in Mongolia and increase the evidence
for the safe and efficacious use of herbs in health care.
Shin Young-Soo, MD, Ph.D.WHO Regional Director for the Western Pacific
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ACHILLE A ASIATICA
Synonym:A. setacea auct
Waldst. et Kit. [1]
Description: Perennial
with rhizome. Stem 2050 cmwhitish because of long, sle
entangled hairs, erect, bran
only at the inflorescence.
leaves 1020 cm long, 12
wide, cauline leaves sm
sessile, lanceolate, two to
times pinnatisected, linear
acute segments not more th
mm in width, closely arranHeads, with 25 mm
peduncles, form a dense cor
like a brush. Ligulate flo
usually purple, sometimes w
ca. 3 mm long. Disk flowers ye
WHO
WHO
Mongolian name
Aziin tologch ovs
Tibetan name
Bambo
English name
Asiatic Yarrow
Achillea asiaticaSerg.
ASTERACEAE
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MEDICINAL PLANTS IN MONGOLIA
Distribution:Khovs., Khent., Khang., Mong-Dag., Khyang., Khovd, Mong. Alt., Ikh n.
Habitat:Sandy terraces on western and eastern slopes of mountains, forest fringes [25]
Parts used:Root and whole herb.
Traditional Uses:The taste is bitter and hot, and the potency is coarse and sharp. It is used for the following: treatin
persistent fever. It is an ingredient in the following traditional prescriptions: Agar-11, Ar ur-7, Gavar-9, Ganman-7
Gurgum-8, Dilmanmar, Tsarvan-15, Shinjyd-21, and Dorjjan [58].
Chemical constituents: sugars [9], organic acids,
0.20.5% essential oil: hamazulene, a-pinene,
b-pinene, sabinene, camphor, limonene, cineole,
n-cymol [10,11], coumarins: umbelliferone,
scopoletin [12], flavonoids [13]: kaempferol [12],vitexin, isovitexin, orientin, isoorientin [13], apigenin,
diosmetin, gentauredin, apigenin-7-O-glucoside [14],
sesquiterpene lactones: 8a-angeloyloxy-2a,4a,10b-
trihydroxy-6bH,7aH,11bH-1(5)-guaien-12,6a-olide,
8a-angeloxy-1b,2b,4b,5b-diepoxy-10b-hydroxy-6bH,7aH,11bH-guaien-2,6a-lide, 8a-angeloxy-4a,10b-dihydroxy-2
oxo-6bH,7aH,11bH-1(5)-guaien-12,6a-olide, 8-desacetyl-matricarin, 8a-tigloxy-artabsin, 8a-tigloxy-3-oxa-artabsin
8a-angeloxy-artabsin, 3-oxa-achillicin, 8-acetoxy-artabsin, and 8-angeloxy-3-oxa-artabsin [15].
Bioactivities:Anti-inflammatory, haemostatic, and bile-expelling [16].
O
OH
OH
OH
OH
O O
OH
OH
O
Apigenin-7-O-glucoside
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ACHILL EA ASIATICA
References:
. Olziikhutag, N. (Ed). (). Latin-Mongolian-Russian Dictionary of Vascular Plants of Mongolia (p. ). Ulaanbaatar: Pr
of Mongolian Academy of Sciences.
. Gubanov, I.. (). Conspectus on Mongolian Flora (vascular plants) (p. ). Moscow: Valang Press.
. Malishev, L.I., and Peshkova, G.A. (). Flora of Central Siberia (Vol. , p. ). Novosibirsk: Science Printing.
. Sanchir, Ch., Batkhuu, J., Boldsaikhan, B., and Komatsu, K. (). Illustrated Guide of Mongolian Useful Plants. (Vol.
). Ulaanbaatar: Admon Printing.
. Ligaa, U., Davaasuren, B., and Ninjil, N. (). Medicinal Plants of Mongolia Used in Western and Eastern Medicine.
). Ulaanbaatar: JCK Printing.
. Yuthok Yonten Gonpo., Four Medical Tantras, VIII-IXthcentury.
. Danzanpuntsag., Crystal rosary. XVIIIthcentury.
. Boldsaikhan, B. (). Encyclopedia of Mongolian Medicinal Plants (p. ). Ulaanbaatar: Mongolian University of Scien
and Technology.
. Kalinkina, G.I., Rakhimov, D.A., and Zorina, O.B. (). Polysaccharide investigation of Achillea asiatica. Khim. P
Soedin..
. Kalinkina, G.I., and Beresovskaya, T.P. (). Essential oil investigation ofAchillea asiatica. Khim. Prir. Soedin... Sokolov, P.D. et al. (). Plants Review of USSR: Family Asteraceae (p. ). Leningrad: Science Printing.
. Kalinkina, G.I., Slipchenko, N.M., Taran, D.D., and Khorujaya, T.G., (). Possibility of using Achillea asiatica. Ras
Resur. , .
. Valant-Vetschers, K.M. (). Leaf flavonoids of theAchillea millefoliumgroup: Infraspecific variability inA. setacea
and K. and related species. Sci. Pharm. , ; Chem. Abstr. , , .
. Narantuya, S. (). The Chemical Investigation of Phenylpropanoids of Some Mongolian Plants. A thesis submitt
for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry. Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Ulaanbaatar,
. Gunbileg, D. (). Sesquiterpenes isolated from two MongolianAchillea species. A thesis submitted for the degree
Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, .
. Myagmar, L. (). Pharmacological investigation ofAchillea asiaticagrowing in Mongolia. A thesis submitted for t
degree of Doctor of Science in Medicine. Medical University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, .
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MEDICINAL PLANTS IN MONGOLIA
Synonym:A. asiaticusNakai [1]
Description: Perennial, wit
50100 cm tall and groove
triangle stems. Creeping rhizomewith abundant slender root
Leaves bright green, lanceolat
Inflorescence 7 cm long an
thick spadix. Flowers bisexua
actinomorphic, with six whit
narrow tepals.
Distribution: Khang., ng
Dag., Khyang., Dr. ng.
Habitat: Lake and lake shore
[24]
Parts used:Roots and rhizomeWHO
Mongolian name
Egel godil-ovs
Tibetan name
Shudag nagbo
English name
Sweet flag
Acorus calamusL.
ACORACEAE
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ACORUS CAL AMUSL.
Traditional Uses:The taste is hot and bitter, and the potency is sharp and coarse. It is used for the following: tre
diphtheria and malignant carbuncle, improving the power of the stomach and appetite, and heart function. Also
to halt diarrhea, enhance bone growth, destroy parasitic worms (nematocide), to treat fever from bacterial infec
desiccate suppuration, healing the lymph system, some skin diseases, and to treat tumuors.
It is an ingredient of the following traditional prescriptions: Shingun-8, Shudag-4, Senden-6, DinmaDonjugohaw, Menbo-9, Ulchu-18, Chun-5, Archun, Boichun, Gurchun, Sugchun, Shichun, Ludud 18, Shur-25
Yamala-3 [47].
Microscopic characteristics:
Rhizome:Stele is of a rounded parenchyma enclosing large spaces. Oleoresinous cells and abundant starch grain
found. Vascular bundle numerous, small, ovate and concentric type. Secreting cells are present in the parenchyma
Chemical constituents: sugars [9], organic acids and their derivatives, terpenoids: trans-2-ethoxy-2(10)-pi
4-ethoxy-1-n-menthene, endo-isocamphanone, carvenone, n-menthadien-1(7),2-ol-8, selinadienol [10], 1.4essential oil [9,11]:a-pinene, camphene, camphor, borneol, calamen,b-pinene,
calamin, calamol, azulene [9], sesquiterpenes: calamenone, isocalamendiol
[12], acoragermacrone, germacrone, pre-isocalamendiol [13], and others [14],
aromatic compounds: a-asarone [1517], g-asarone, cis-isoeugenol methyl
ether, trans-isoeugenol methyl ether and others [17], flavonoids, quinones
[18], 4.6% fat [9]. b-asarone [17,19,20], acorenone, (Z)-sesquilavandulol, and
dehydroxy-isocalamendiol [19] are the main components.
Bioactivities: Spasmolytic, anticonvulsant, antibacterial, antifungal, bile-expelling[9], sedative, anesthetic [21], immunosuppressive [22], and cytotoxic [23].
CH3
O
O
O
C
CH3
H3
C
b-asarone
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MEDICINAL PLANTS IN MONGOLIA
References:
. Olziikhutag, N. (Ed). (). Latin-Mongolian-Russian Dictionary of Vascular Plants of Mongolia (p. ). Ulaanbaatar: Press
of Mongolian Academy of Sciences.
. Gubanov, I.. (). Conspectus on Mongolian Flora (vascular plants) (p. ). Moscow: Valang Press.
. Malishev, L.I., and Peshkova, G.A. (). Flora of Central Siberia (Vol. , p. ). Novosibirsk: Science Printing.
. Ligaa, U., Davaasuren, B., and Ninjil, N. (). Medicinal Plants of Mongolia Used in Western and Eastern Medicine. (p.). Ulaanbaatar: JCK Printing.
. Yuthok Yonten Gonpo., Four Medical Tantras, VIII-IXth century.
. Danzanpuntsag., Crystal rosary. XVIIIth century.
. Khurelchuluun, B., and Batchimeg, U. (). Illustrated Guide of Medicinal Plant Raw Materials of Mongolia. (p. ).
Ulaanbaatar: Erkhes Printing.
. Enkhjargal, D., Bayasgalan, B., and Purevsuren, S. (). Pharmacognosy. (p. ). Ulaanbaatar: Erkhes Printing.
. Sokolov, P.D. et al. (). Plants Review of USSR: Family Butomaceae-Typhaceae. (p. ). Leningrad: Science Printing,
Leningrad.
. Mazza, G. (). Gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric studies of the constituents of the rhizome of calamus: II.
The volatile constituents of alcoholic extracts J. Chromatogr. ,.
. Gildmeister, E., and Hoffman, Fr. (). Die atherischen le. Berlin. , .
. Wu, L.J. et al., (). Studies on the constituents of the roots ofAcorus calamusL. Yakugaku Zasshi, .
. Iguchi, M., Niwa, M., Nishiyama, A., and Yamamura, Sh. (). Isolation and structure of acorermacrone. Tetrahedron
Lett. p. .
. Yamamura, S., Iguchi, M., Nishiyama, A., Niwa, A.M., and Koyama. H. (). Sesquiterpenes from Acorus calamus.
Tetahedron, .
. Keller, K., and Stahl, E. (). Calamus: Constituents and beta-asarone content of different origins. Dtsch. Apoth. Ztg.
, ; Chem. Abstr. (), , .
. Koul, O., Smire, M.J., and Isman, M.B. (). Asarones fromAcorus calamus.J. Chem. Ecol. , .. Mazza, G. (). Gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric studies of the constituents of the rhizome of calamus: I.
The volatile constituents of the essential oil. J. Chromatogr., .
. Patra, A., and Mitra A.K. (). Constituents ofAcorus calamus. Indian J. Chem. B. , .
. Marongiu, B., Piras, A., Porcedda, S., and Scorciapino, A. (). Chemical composition of the essential oil and supercritical
CO extract of Commiphora myrrha(Nees) Engl. and ofAcorus calamusL.J. Agric. Food Chem., .
. Widmer, V., Schibli, A., and Reich, E. (). Quantitative determination of beta-asarone in calamus by high-performance
thin-layer chromatography.J. AOAC Int., .
. Panchal, G.M., Venkatakrishna-Bhatt, H., Doctor, R.B., and Vajpayee, S. (). Pharmacology ofAcorus calamusL. Indian
J. Exptl. Biol., .
. Mehrotra, S., Mishra, K.P., Maurya, R., Srimal, R.C., Yadav, V.S., Pandey, R., and Singh, V.K. (). Anticellular and
immunosuppressive properties of an ethanolic extract of Acorus calamus rhizome. Int. Immunopharmacol. , .
. Ibragimova, V.S. (). Chinese Medicine: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Methods. Medicinal Compounds. Cheni-Tszu
Therapy. (p. ). Moscow: Antares.
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AQUILEG IA SIBI RICA LAM.
Synonym:A. bicolorEhrh. [
Description: Perennial
with rhizome. Stem 2570 cmglabrous, more or less bran
near the inflorescence. Leave
to two times ternate, leaflets
reniform, with long petio
divided not reaching the m
into three segments. Flowers
5 cm in diameter, sepals 2
long, 12 cm wide, petals
with yellowish or light mashorter than sepals. Spur cu
like a hook. Follicles five, 2 c
length.
Distribution: Khovs., Kh
Khang., Khovd, Dund. Khalkh
WH
O
WHO
Mongolian name
Sibiri Udval, Khokh u
val, Zusten tsetseg
Tibetan name
Udval ombo
English name
Siberian Columbine
Aquilegia sibiricaLam.
RANUNCULACEAE
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AQUILEGI A SIBI RICA LAM.
References:
. Olziikhutag, N. (Ed). (). Latin-Mongolian-Russian Dictionary of Vascular Plants of Mongolia (p. ). Ulaanbaatar: Pr
of Mongolian Academy of Sciences.
. Gubanov, I.. (). Conspectus on Mongolian Flora (vascular plants) (p. ). Moscow: Valang Press.
. Malishev, L.I., and Peshkova, G.A. (). Flora of Central Siberia (Vol. , p. ). Novosibirsk: Science Printing.
. Sanchir, Ch., Batkhuu, J., Boldsaikhan, B., and Komatsu, K. (). Illustrated Guide of Mongolian Useful Plants. (Vol.
). Ulaanbaatar: Admon Printing.
. Ligaa, U., Davaasuren, B., and Ninjil, N. (). Medicinal Plants of Mongolia Used in Western and Eastern Medicine.
). Ulaanbaatar: JCK Printing.
. Yuthok Yonten Gonpo., Four Medical Tantras, VIII-IXth century.
. Danzanpuntsag., Crystal rosary. XVIIIth century.
. Boldsaikhan, B. (). Encyclopedia of Mongolian Medicinal Plants (p. ). Ulaanbaatar: Mongolian University
Science and Technology.
. Khurelchuluun, B., and Batchimeg, U. (). Illustrated Guide of Medicinal Plant Raw Materials of Mongolia. (p.
Ulaanbaatar: Erkhes Printing.
. Khurelchuluun, B., and Batchimeg, U. (). Illustrated Guide of Medicinal Plant Raw Materials of Mongolia. (p. Ulaanbaatar: Erkhes Printing.
. Khishgee, D., and Shiirevdamba, Ts. (). Herb ofAquilegia sibiricaLam. Mongolian National Standard .
. Willaman, J.J., and Li, H.-L. (). Alkaloid-bearing plants and their contained alkaloids. Lloydia, .
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MEDICINAL PLANTS IN MONGOLIA
Synonyms:A. griffithianaBoiss
A. sieversianavar.pygmaeaKry
A. akbaitalensis O.Fedtsch., A
krylovians Steinb., Pyrethrum
pamiricumO.Fedtsch. [1]
Description: Annual herb
which are grey because of whitis
slant hairs. Stems solitary o
several, 6-25cm tall, erect, o
branched from the base. Leave
except the cauline petiolat
with dissected auricles at th
base. Leaf blade oblong ovat
to broadly ovate, 1.54 cm long12 cm wide, densely hairy o
both surfaces, light grey, twic
pinnatisected, with two pairs o
primary segments, final segment
ternate, linear oblong or narrow
spatulate, 14 mm long, 515 mm
WH
O
WHO
Mongolian name
Eerem sharilj, Tsarvan
Tibetan name
Tsarvon
English name
Largehead Wormwood
Artemisia macrocephalaJacquem.
ex Besser
ASTERACEAE
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ARTEMIS IA MACRO CEPHA LAJACQUEM. EX BESSER
wide, rounded at the apex. Bracts sessile, ovate or linear lanceolate. Heads globular, 410 mm in diameter, with
peduncle, drooping, forming raceme or broad panicle. Achene oblong-ovate.
Distribution:Khovs. (Khovsgol lake), Khent., Khang., ng-Dag., Dund. Khalkh, Ikh n., Khovd, ng. lt., Alt.
(east), lash.
Habitat:Mostly on rocks in dry beds of large and small rivers [24].
Parts used:Herb and flowers
Traditional Uses:The taste is bitter and hot and coarse. It is used for the following: treating inflammation o
throat, lung diseases, and fever from tumors. It is an ingredient of the following traditional prescriptions: Juga
Tsarvon-5, Tsarvon-48, and Zembe-5 [47].
Chemical constituents: The aerial part contains 0.152% essential oil: azulene,
a-pinene, -pinene, camphene, limonene, n-cymol, 1,8-cineole, camphor, borneol,
hamazulene, thujone, n-cresol, sabinene, myrcene, a-terpinene, g-terpinene, isoborneol
and other terpenoids [8,9]. Flowers contain 0.420.61% essential oil, and 7.4310.5% of
the essential oil is hamazulene [8].
Bioactivities: Essential oil, especially hamazulene shows anti-inflammatory and
anesthetic activities [10].
References:
. Olziikhutag, N. (Ed). (). Latin-Mongolian-Russian Dictionary of Vascular Plants of Mongolia (p. ). Ulaanbaat
Press of Mongolian Academy of Sciences.
. Gubanov, I.. (). Conspectus on Mongolian Flora (vascular plants) (p. ). Moscow: Valang Press.
. Sanchir, Ch., Batkhuu, J., Boldsaikhan, B., and Komatsu, K. (). Illustrated Guide of Mongolian Useful Plants. (Vol.
). Ulaanbaatar: Admon Printing.
. Ligaa, U., Davaasuren, B., and Ninjil, N. (). Medicinal Plants of Mongolia Used in Western and Eastern Medicine.
). Ulaanbaatar: JCK Printing.
. Yuthok Yonten Gonpo., Four Medical Tantras, VIII-IXthcentury.
. Danzanpuntsag., Crystal rosary. XVIIIthcentury.
. Boldsaikhan, B. (). Encyclopedia of Mongolian Medicinal Plants (p. ). Ulaanbaatar: Mongolian UniversityScience and Technology.
. Beresovskaya, G.P., Dudko, B.B., Kalinkina, G.I., and Serikh, E.A. (). Artemisia macrocephala - a source of azule
among plants of the Siberian flora. Rastit. Resur. , .
. Shatar, S. (). Chemische charakterisierung therischer le aus mongolischen Arten der Gattung Artemisia
Pharmazie.
. Sokolov, P.D. et al. (). Plants Review of USSR: Family Asteraceae. (p. ). Leningrad: Science Printing.
Hamazulen
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MEDICINAL PLANTS IN MONGOLIA
Synonym: A. gibbus Bunge, A
tuberculatusBunge ex Iljin [1].
Description: Perennial, 309
cm tall erect stems, with obliqueupward growing branche
Cladodes 1050 mm long
glabrous, green, borne in cluste
by 38. Stem apexes and cladode
glabrous or with small grist
alternate warts. Scale leaves o
the stem short, with an acute spu
Peduncles 47 mm long. Petals o
male flowers 46 mm long. Berrorbicular, red, turning almo
black at maturity.
Distribution: Khang., Khent
ng-Dg., Khyang., Dund. Khalkh
Dr. ng., Olon n., Dor. Gobi.
WH
O
WHO
Mongolian name
Daguur khereen nuden,
Ukhriin idee, Zeerenshil
Tibetan name
Neshin
English name
Dahurian Asparagus
Asparagus dahuricusLink
LILIACEAE
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ASPARAGUS DA HURICU SLINK
Habitat:Meadows in mountain steppe and steppe zone [25].
Traditional Uses:The taste is sweet and astringent, and the potency is warm and light. It is used for the follow
Enhancing longevity, healing kidney diseases, fever of lung, inflammation of the throat and tonsilitis, lymph dise
xerostomia, chronic diseases of the lung, and diabetic diseases. Also used for treating wounds, phlegm and bile dise
and improving appetite. It is an ingredient of the following traditional prescriptions: Boljar-8, Brogni-6, BregVanlag-37, Dofel-13, Dovchin-13, Dosel-22, Sugmel-7, Dajid-13, Jats-14, Zava-9, and Sojid-11 [510].
Microscopic characteristics:
Root: The transverse section is rounded. Periderm is many layered and compact. Inner side of root has dis
parenchymatous cells with thin-walled and vascular bundles [11].
Chemical constituents:Roots contain sugar [5] and saponins [11].
Qualitive and quantitative assay:Saponins in the plant are detected by reactions to produce a foam withacetate. Total saponin content is determined by gravimetric analysis [11].
Qualitive and quantitative standards:Loss on drying, 9%. Ash, not more than 8.5%. Organic matter, not more
0.5%, and mineral matter, not more than 1.0%. Water-soluble extractive, not less than 10.0%. Total saponin conten
less than 0.5% [11].
References:
. Olziikhutag, N. (Ed). (). Latin-Mongolian-Russian Dictionary of Vascular Plants of Mongolia (p. ). Ulaanbaatar: Pre
of Mongolian Academy of Sciences.. Gubanov, I.. (). Conspectus on Mongolian Flora (vascular plants) (p. ). Moscow: Valang Press.
. Malishev, L.I., and Peshkova, G.A. (). Flora of Central Siberia (Vol. , p. ). Novosibirsk: Science Printing.
. Sanchir, Ch., Batkhuu, J., Boldsaikhan, B., and Komatsu, K. (). Illustrated Guide of Mongolian Useful Plants. (Vol.
). Ulaanbaatar: Admon Printing.
. Ligaa, U., Davaasuren, B., and Ninjil, N. (). Medicinal Plants of Mongolia Used in Western and Eastern Medicine.
). Ulaanbaatar: JCK Printing.
. Yuthok Yonten Gonpo., Four Medical Tantras, VIII-IXth century.
. Danzanpuntsag., Crystal rosary. XVIIIth century.
. Boldsaikhan, B. (). Encyclopedia of Mongolian Medicinal Plants (p. ). Ulaanbaatar: Mongolian University of Scien
and Technology.
. Khurelchuluun, B., and Batchimeg, U. (). Illustrated Guide of Medicinal Plant Raw Materials of Mongolia. (p.
Ulaanbaatar: Erkhes Printing.
. Khurelchuluun, B., Suran, D., and Zina, C. (). Illustrated Guide of Raw Materials Used in Traditional Medicine. (p.
Ulaanbaatar: Erkhes Printing.
. Oyuun, Z., and Shiirevdamba, Ts. (). Root ofAsparagus dahuricusLink. Mongolian National Standard .
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ASTRAGA LUS MONGHOL ICUSBUNGE
Traditional Uses:The taste is sweet and the potency is hot. It is used for the following: treating light swelling, w
swelling and phlegm, and improving physical energy and strength. It is also used to soothe a purulent inflammatio
wound-healing, to treat lung fever, oliguria and hemorrhoids. It is an ingredient of the following traditional prescrip
Jurur-6 [5,6]
Microscopic characteristics:Root:The transverse section is rounded. The cork consists of many rows of cells. Phelloderm, 35 rows of collenchym
cells. Endodermis developed under the cork. In the inner part of endodermis pericycle fibres are developed. Vas
bundles in the pith region. Parenchymatous cells contain starch granules [7].
Chemical constituents: Root contains flavonoids: formononetin, 3-hydroxy-formononetin, 2,3-dihydroxy
dimethoxyflavone, 7,3-dihydroxy-4-methoxyflavone 7-O-glucoside, 7,3-dihydroxy-4-dimethoxyflavone, sapo
astragaloside I-X, isoastragaloside I-IV, polysaccharides, Above-ground parts contain astragaloside quer
isorhamnetin, rhamnocetin, isorhamnetin 3-b-D-glucopyranoside, propingoside, coumarin, tannins, and saponins
Qualitative and quantitative assays:Flavonoids in the plant are identified by cyanidin reaction and reaction
lead tetraacetate. Total flavonoid content is determined by spectrophotometry at 430 nm and calculated as quercet
Qualitative and quantitative standards:Loss on drying, 8.0%. Organic matter, not more than 0.5% and mi
matter, not more than 1.0%. Total flavonoid content, not less than 3.0% [7].
References:
. Olziikhutag, N. (Ed). (). Latin-Mongolian-Russian Dictionary of Vascular Plants of Mongolia (p. ). Ulaanbaatar: Pr
of Mongolian Academy of Sciences.. Gubanov, I.. (). Conspectus on Mongolian Flora (vascular plants) (p. ). Moscow: Valang Press.
. Malishev, L.I., and Peshkova, G.A. (). Flora of Central Siberia (Vol. , p. ). Novosibirsk: Science Printing.
. Sanchir, Ch., Batkhuu, J., Boldsaikhan, B., and Komatsu, K. (). Illustrated Guide of Mongolian Useful Plants. (Vol.
). Ulaanbaatar: Admon Printing.
. Ligaa, U., Davaasuren, B., and Ninjil, N. (). Medicinal Plants of Mongolia Used in Western and Eastern Medicine.
). Ulaanbaatar: JCK Printing.
. Danzanpuntsag., Crystal rosary. XVIIIth century, p. .
. Oyuun, Z., Purevsuren, G., Khishigjargal, L., Lkhagvabaasan, D., Dungerdorj, D., and Tserenkhand, L. (). Root
Astragalus mongholicusBunge. Mongolian National Standard .
. Dungerdorj, D. () Flavonoid investigation of some Astragalus species used in Mongolian traditional medicine
thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Pharmacy. Moscow: First Medical University.
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MEDICINAL PLANTS IN MONGOLIA
Mongolian name
Sibiri toshlog, Sharmod
Tibetan name
Jirba
English name
Siberian Barberry
Synonym:B. altaicaPall. [1]
Description: Thorny shru
up to 1 meter tall, strong
branched stem, with 35 partitspines. Leaves entire, alternat
with marginal prickles, oblong
lanceolate, or oblanceolate, up t
20 mm long, 8 mm wide. Berr
red, oblong, many-seeded.
Distribution: Khovs., Khent
Khang., ng-Dag., Khovd, ng
lt., Gobi-lt. (Gurvan saikhaGurvan bogd)
Habitat: Rocks and screes i
forests and slopes in mountai
forest-steppe belt [25].Part used
ShootWHO
Berberis sibiricaPall.
BERBERIDACEAE
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BERBERIS SIBIRICAPALL.
Traditional Uses:The taste is sour and bitter, and the potency is cool and coarse. It is used for the following:
poison antidote, treating diseases of the lymph and the eye, bile disorders, and overcoming diarrhea. It is an ingre
of the following traditional prescriptions: Arur-18, Bavru-8, Bongar-13, Bragshun-5, Braivu-17, Givan-11, Gurgum
Dashun-6, 23, Dumtal, Degd-6, 8, 15, 20, and Lish-16 [57].
Chemical constituents:Protoberberine alkaloids, particularly berberine (0.36%) [8].Leaves containflavonoidscontains organic acids and ascorbic acid [9].
Qualitative and quantitative assays:Alkaloids in the plant are determined by the precipitation reaction.
alkaloid content is determined bya gravimetric method[10].
Qualitative and quantitative standards:Loss on drying, not more than 13.0%. Ash, not more than 23.0%. Or
matter, not more than 2.0% and mineral matter, not more than 0.5%. Total alkaloid, not less than 0.4% [10].
References:. Olziikhutag, N. (Ed). (). Latin-Mongolian-Russian Dictionary of Vascular Plants of Mongolia (p. ). Ulaanbaatar: Pr
of Mongolian Academy of Sciences.
. Gubanov, I.. (). Conspectus on Mongolian Flora (vascular plants) (p. ). Moscow: Valang Press.
. Malishev, L.I., and Peshkova, G.A. (). Flora of Central Siberia (Vol. , p. ). Novosibirsk: Science Printing.
. Sanchir, Ch., Batkhuu, J., Boldsaikhan, B., and Komatsu, K. (). Illustrated Guide of Mongolian Useful Plants. (Vol.
). Ulaanbaatar: Admon Printing.
. Ligaa, U., Davaasuren, B., and Ninjil, N. (). Medicinal Plants of Mongolia Used in Western and Eastern Medicine.
). Ulaanbaatar: JCK Printing.
. Yuthok Yonten Gonpo., Four Medical Tantras, VIII-IXth century.
. Khurelchuluun, B., and Batchimeg, U. (). Illustrated Guide of Medicinal Plant Raw Materials of Mongolia. (p.
Ulaanbaatar: Erkhes Printing.
. Vasilieva, V.D., and Naidovich, L.P. (). Investigation on berberine content in Berberisspecies. Pharmacy, .
. Fedorov, A.A. et al. (). Plants review of USSR: Family Magnoliaceae-Limoniaceae. (p. ). Leningrad: Science Printi
. Khaidav, Ts., and Javkhlan, G. (). Berberis sibirica. Mongolian National Standard .
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MEDICINAL PLANTS IN MONGOLIA
Mongolian name
Zuzaannavchit (Badgar)
Badaan
Tibetan name
Gadur
English name
Leather Bergenia
Synonym: B. bifolia Moench
Saxifraga crassifoliaL. [1]
Description: Rhizome 101mm in diameter, several mete
long, with abundant scars o
the surface. Outer side of th
rhizome dark brown, with man
small roots. Stem 3050 cm ta
perennial herbs. Leaves entir
glabrous, membranous, broa
elliptic or almost round, wit
rounded, cordate or cuneate basPentamerous purple flowers i
terminal panicle like corymb
Capsule with two wings at the tip
Seeds dark brown or black.
Distribution:Khent., Khang.
WH
O
Bergenia crassifolia(L.) Fritsch
SAXIFRAGACEAE
WHO
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BERGENIA CRASSIFOLIAL. FRITSCH
Habitat:Cedar forests in alpine belt [24].
Parts used:Leaf and root/rhizome.
Traditional Uses:The taste is sweet and astringent, and the potency is hot and light. It is used for the follow
treating typhoid and lung fever, treating disorders of the stomach and intestine, treating diarrhea, and for inflammof the lung. It is an ingredient of the following traditional prescriptions: Valo-25, Gabed-6, Jisergundel, Loman j
Srolo-3, and Chisron dermon-9 [48].
Chemical constituents:Rhizome contains tannins, phenol carboxylic
acids and their derivatives, (+)-catechin and catechin gallate [9],
isocoumarin: bergenin [10]. Leaves contain 630% tannins [11], 12.18%
arbutin, hydroquinone [12], rododendrine [9], pectin: bergenan [13],
catechin: gallocatechin, catechin gallate [11], flavonoids: quercetin,
kaempferol, leucoanthocyanidin: leucocyanidin, leucdelifinidin [9,14],coumarin: ellagic acid, isocoumarin: bergenin [9,12].
Qualitative and quantitative assays:Tannins in the rhizomes and
leaves are identified by reaction with ammonium iron (III) sulphate and
titrated with potassium permanganate. Arbutin in the leaves gives a
dark brown precipitate with iron (II) sulphate. Arbutin is determined by titration using iodine as the titrant and s
as the indicator [15].
Qualitative and quantitative standards:For rhizomes:Loss on drying, not more than 13.0%. Ash, not more than 10.0%. Organic matter, not more than
and mineral matter, not more than 1.0%. Tannins 1517% [16].
For leaves:Loss on drying, not more than 12.0%. Ash, not more than 4.0%. Organic matter, not more than 0.5%
mineral matter, not more than 0.5%. Tannins, not less than 15% and arbutin, not less than 5% [15].
Bioactivities:Anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-ulcerous, antidiarrheal [9].
O
OH
H
HO
HO
CH3
CH2OH
O
O
Bergenin
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MEDICINAL PLANTS IN MONGOLIA
References:
. Olziikhutag, N. (Ed). (). Latin-Mongolian-Russian Dictionary of Vascular Plants of Mongolia (p. ). Ulaanbaatar: Press
of Mongolian Academy of Sciences.
. Gubanov, I.. (). Conspectus on Mongolian Flora (vascular plants) (p. ). Moscow: Valang Press.
. Malishev, L.I., and Peshkova, G.A. (). Flora of Central Siberia (Vol. , p. ). Novosibirsk: Science Printing.
. Ligaa, U., Davaasuren, B., and Ninjil, N. (). Medicinal Plants of Mongolia Used in Western and Eastern Medicine. (p.
). Ulaanbaatar: JCK Printing.
. Yuthok Yonten Gonpo., Four Medical Tantras, VIII-IXth century.
. Danzanpuntsag., Crystal rosary. XVIIIth century.
. Boldsaikhan, B. (). Encyclopedia of Mongolian Medicinal Plants (pp. , ). Ulaanbaatar: Mongolian University of
Science and Technology.
. Khurelchuluun, B., and Batchimeg, U. (). Illustrated Guide of Medicinal Plant Raw Materials of Mongolia. (p. ).
Ulaanbaatar: Erkhes Printing.
. Sokolov, P.D. et al. (). Plants Review of USSR: Family Hydrangeaceae-Haloragaceae. (p. ). Leningrad: Science Printing.
. Karrer, W. (). Konstitution und Vorkommen der organischen Pflanzenstoffe. (pp. ). Basel: Birkaser Verlag.
. Friedrich, H. (). Untersuchungen ber den Gerbstoff von Bergenia-Arten und seine Beziehungen zum Arbutin.Pharmazie, .
. Pozharitskaya, O.N., Ivanova, S.A., Shikov, A.N., Makarov, V.G., and Galambosi, B. (). Separation and evaluation of free
radical-scavenging activity of phenol components of green, brown, and black leaves of Bergenia crassifoliaby using
HPTLC-DPPH method.J. Sep. Sci. , .
. Golovchenko, V.V., Bushneva, O.A., Ovodova, R.G., Shashkov, A.S., Chizhov, A.S., and Ovodov, Yu.S. (). Structural study
of bergenan, a pectin from Bergenia crassifolia. Bioorg. Khim.(), .
. Thieme, H., Walewska, E. and Winkler, H.J. (). Isolierung von Rhododendron aus Bergenia-Arten. Pharmazie, .
. Shiirevdamba, Ts., Erdenetsetseg, G., Enkhjargal, D., and Bayartsetseg, A. (). Leaves ofBergenia crassifolia.Mongolian
National Standard .
. Khandsuren, S., and Erdenetsetseg, G. (). Root and rhizome of Bergenia crassifolia.Mongolian National Standard
.
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BUPLEURUM SCORZONERIFOLIUMWILLD.
Synonyms:B. falcatumvar.
zonerifolium Ledeb., Eufalca
var. scorzonerifolium Wolff
falcatum subsp. scorzonerifo
K.-Pol., B. baldense Ledeb
kirillowii Turcz. ex K.-PolfalcatumTurcz. [1]
Description: Perennials
tap root. Stem curved, so
or several, 2050 cm tall. Ra
leaves lanceolate, 710 mm
with long stalks and 57 di
longitudinal ribs, cauline l
sessile, linear or linear-lancetapering to both ends.
flowered umbels form a pa
Bracts small, 14 mm
lanceolate, green, shorter
secondary umbels. Mericarps
blunt thick grooves.
Mongolian name
Khaviskhana navchit
Bersh
Tibetan name
LalapudEnglish name
Red Thorowax
WH
O
Bupleurum scorzonerifoliumWilld.
APIACEAE
WHO
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MEDICINAL PLANTS IN MONGOLIA
Distribution:Khovs., Khang., Khent., ng-Dg., Khyang., Dund. Khalkh, Dr. ng.
Habitat:Slopes and forest fringes in mountain steppe and forest-steppe belts [25].
Parts used:Herb, fruits
Traditional Uses:The taste is bitter and the potency is severe and cool. It is used for the following: treating parasiti
worm diseases, stomach diseases, and cold diseases. It is an ingredient of the following traditional prescription
Agar-17 [57].
Chemical constituents: Essential oil: myrcene, a-pinene,
b-pinene, limonene, n-cymol, phellandrene [8], sabinene, camphene,
carvone, a-thujone, linalool, bornyl acetate, g-terpinene and others,
flavonoids: quercetin, isorhamnetin, rutin, narcissin, isoquercetin [9],
hyperin, coumarin: umbelliferone, scopoletin, esculetin [10], lignans:2,3-E-2,3-dihydro-2-(3-methoxy-4-O--D-glucopyranosyl-phenyl)-
3-hydroxymethyl-5-(3-hydroxypropenyl)-7-methoxy-1-benzo[b]
furan and 2,3-E-2,3-dihydro-2-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-
hydroxymethyl-5-(3-hydroxypropenyl)-7-O-b-D-glucopyranosyl-1-
benzo[b]furan [11], isochaihulactone, chaihunaphthone [12], saponins:
3-O-[b-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 2)-b-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 3)-b-D-
fucopyranosyl]-3b,16a,23,28-tetrahydroxy-olean-11,13(18)-dien-30-oic
acid-30-O-[pentito(1 1)-b-D-glucopyranosyl-(6 )] ester (saikosaponin U), and 3-O-[b-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 3)-b-D
fucopyranosyl]-3b,16a,23,28-tetrahydroxy-olean-11,13(18)-dien-30-oic acid-30-O-[pentito(1
1)-b-D-glucopyranosy(6 )] ester (saikosaponin V) [13], eugenin and saikochromone.
Qualitative and quantitative assays:Flavonoids in the plant are identified by cyanidin reaction and the reactio
with lead acetate. Total flavonoid content is determined by spectrophotometry at 420 nm and calculated as quercet
[14].
Qualitative and quantitative standards:Loss on drying, not more than 8.0%. Ash, not more than 2.0%. Organ
matter, not more than 2.0% and mineral matter, not more than 0.5%. Total flavonoid content, not less than 2.0% [14].
Bioactivities: Bile-expelling, stimulates secretion of gastric acid, and anti-ulcer activity [8]. Hyperin has a live
protective activity [10]. In biological testing, eugenin and saikochromone have an immunosuppressive activity [12].
O
OH
OH
O
OH
OH
O
O
OH
OH
OHOH
Hyperin
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BUPLEURUM SCORZONERIFOLIUMWILLD.
References:
. Olziikhutag, N. (Ed). (). Latin-Mongolian-Russian Dictionary of Vascular Plants of Mongolia (p. ). Ulaanbaat
Press of Mongolian Academy of Sciences.
. Gubanov, I.. (). Conspectus on Mongolian Flora (vascular plants) (p. ). Moscow: Valang Press.
. Malishev, L.I., and Peshkova, G.A. (). Flora of Central Siberia (Vol. , p. ). Novosibirsk: Science Printing.
. Sanchir, Ch., Batkhuu, J., Boldsaikhan, B., and Komatsu, K. (). Illustrated Guide of Mongolian Useful Plants. (Vol.
). Ulaanbaatar: Admon Printing.
. Ligaa, U., Davaasuren, B., and Ninjil, N. (). Medicinal Plants of Mongolia Used in Western and Eastern Medicine.
). Ulaanbaatar: JCK Printing.
. Yuthok Yonten Gonpo., Four Medical Tantras, VIII-IXth century.
. Danzanpuntsag., Crystal rosary. XVIIIth century.
. Sokolov, P.D. et al. (). Plants Review of USSR: Family Rutaceae-Elaeagnaceae. (p. ). Leningraad: Science Printing
. Minaeva, V.G., Volkhonskaya, T.A., and Valutskaya, A.G. (). Comparative investigation of flavonoid consitiution
some Bupleurum species of Siberia. Rastit. Resur. , .
. Tserendulam, L. (). Chemical and chemical-technological investigation of Bupleurum species. (p. ). A the
submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Pharmacy. Ulaanbaatar: Medical University of Mongolia.. Tan, L., Zhang, Q.Y., Li, J.S., Wang, B., Tu, G.Z., and Zhao, Y.Y. (). Studies on lignan glycosides from the roots
Bupleurum scorzonerifolium. Yao Xue Xue Bao, .
. Chang, W.L., Chiu, L.W., Lai, J.H., and Lin, H.C. (). Immunosuppressive flavones and lignans from Bupleuru
scorzonerifolium. Phytochemistry, .
. Tan, L., Zhao, Y., Tu, G., Wang, B., Cai, S., and Zhang, R. (). Saikosaponins from roots of Bupleurum scorzonerifoliu
Phytochemistry, .
. Oyuungerel, Z., Tserendulam, L., and Shiirevdamba, Ts. (). Herb of Bupleurum scorzonerifolium, Mongolian Natio
Standard .
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MEDICINAL PLANTS IN MONGOLIA
Mongolian name
Sibiri bersh
Tibetan name
Lalapud
English name
Siberian Thorowax
Synonym: B. multinerve va
angustius DC., B. multinerv
Ledeb., B. multinerve Wolff., B
falcatum Ledeb., B. flexuosum
Ledeb., B. dahuricum F. et M. eTurcz., B. latifoliumFreyn [1].
Description:Perennials with ta
root. Stem 3050 cm tall, solitar
or several, not branched or wit
several branches at the tip. Radic
leaves linear-lanceolate, tapere
to the base, acute at the apex
with 57 veins and long stalkcauline leaves smaller, sessil
ovate, with rounded-cuneate bas
and acuminate apex. Mid umb
bigger than others, with 51
almost equal peduncles. Bract
24, acute, oblong. Bracteoles five
WH
O
Bupleurum sibiricumVest ex Roem.
& Schult.
APIACEAE
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BUPLEURUM SIBIRICUMVEST EX ROEM. & SCHULT.
obovate or ovate-lanceolate, longer than secondary umbels, acute. Mericaps oblong, with narrowly winged ribs
longitudinal furrows on commissure.
Distribution:Khent., ng-Dg.
Habitat:Larch and birch forests, their fringes in mountain forest-steppe belt [2,3].
Part used:Herb
Traditional Uses:The taste is bitter and the potency is light, severe, and sharp. It is used for the following: as an
parasitic agent. It is also said to be beneficial for stomach diseases, and for colds. It is an ingredient of the follo
traditional prescription: Zadi-15 [4,5].
Chemical constituents: Essential oil: myrcene, a-pinene, b-pinene, limonene, n-cymol, phellandrene, sabi
camphene, carvone, linalool, bornyl acetate, pinocamphene, perolidol and others [6], flavonoids: querisorhamnetin, rutin [7].
Bioactivity:Antitumor [8].
References:
. Olziikhutag, N. (Ed). (). Latin-Mongolian-Russian Dictionary of Vascular Plants of Mongolia (p. ). Ulaanbaat
Press of Mongolian Academy of Sciences.
. Gubanov, I.. (). Conspectus on Mongolian Flora (vascular plants) (p. ). Moscow: Valang Press.
. Malishev, L.I., and Peshkova, G.A. (). Flora of Central Siberia (Vol. , p. ). Novosibirsk: Science Printing.. Yuthok Yonten Gonpo., Four Medical Tantras, VIII-IXth century.
. Danzanpuntsag., Crystal rosary. XVIIIth century.
. Tserendulam, L. (). Chemical and chemical-technological investigation of Bupleurum species. (p. ). A the
submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Pharmacy. Ulaanbaatar: Medical University of Mongolia.
. Sokolov, P.D. et al., Plants Review of USSR: Family Rutaceae-Elaeagnaceae. (p. ). Leningrad: Science Printing.
. Cetlin, A.L., Niconov, G.K., Shvarev, I.F., and Pimenov, M.G. (). On the antitumor activity of natural coumarins. Ras
Resur. , .
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MEDICINAL PLANTS IN MONGOLIA
Mongolian name
Ilden igyyshin
Tibetan name
Yeguushin
English name
Hastate Cacalia
Synonym: C. suaveolens auc
non L., C. glabra Ledeb., C
sagittifolia Mertens, C. hastat
var.pubescensLedeb., C. hastat
var. glabra Ledeb., C. hastatsubsp. hastata Hara, Ligulari
hastata Less., Senecio sagittatu
Sch. Bip., S. sagittatus va
pubescens Maxim., S. sagittatu
var. glaber Maxim., Hasteol
hastataPojark., Synosma hastat
Pojark., Koyamacalia hastata (L
H. Robinson et R.D. Brettell [1].
Description:Perennial herb wit
a rhizome, producing large fibrou
roots. Solitary stem 60200 cm
tall, erect, glabrous or covere
with short hairs. Leaves alternat
525 cm long, as wide as th
Cacalia hastataL.
ASTERACEAE
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CACALIA HASTATAL.
length, protruding, dentate, glabrous, sometimes lower surface hairy, hastate, lateral lobes acute. Head 5 mm
1013 mm thick, cylindrical or narrow-bell shaped, united in raceme or panicle. Achene 57 mm long, digitate, sm
with pappus 1.52 times longer than the seed.
Distribution:Khovs., Khent., Khang., ng-Dg., Khyang., Dr. ng.
Habitat:Larch and birch in forest-steppe belt [25].
Parts used:Flowers, leaves
Traditional Uses:The taste is bitter and the potency is cool and sharp. It is used for the following: treating inflamm
and wounds, as an anti-bacterial agent, and for joint pain.
It is an ingredient of the following traditional prescriptions:Yanjina-18, Chivdag yuljal-21, Seru-15, Rodma
and Khonilon-6 [58].
Microscopic characteristics:
Leaf:Leaf is dorsiventral. Palisade single-layered; spongy parenchyma four- to five-layered, oblong. Epidermal
little thick, wavy-walled. On both sides anomocytic stomata present. Vascular bundle is closed collateral [9].
Chemical constituents: The aerial parts contain tannins [10], and
pyrrolizidine alkaloids: platyphylline, hastacine [11].
Qualitative and quantitative assays:Tannins are identified by reactionwith dilute sulfuric acid titrated with potassium permanganate [9].
Qualitative and quantitative standards: Loss on drying, not more
than 12.0%. Ash, not more than 12.0%. Organic matter, not more than 2.0%
and mineral matter, not more than 2.0%. Tannins, not less than 3% [9].
Bioactivities:Antibacterial [10], anti-inflammatory [11].
OO
CH3
CH3
OH
C
O
N
H
Platyphylline
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MEDICINAL PLANTS IN MONGOLIA
References:
. Olziikhutag, N. (Ed). (). Latin-Mongolian-Russian Dictionary of Vascular Plants of Mongolia (p. ). Ulaanbaatar:
Press of Mongolian Academy of Sciences.
. Gubanov, I.. (). Conspectus on Mongolian Flora (vascular plants) (p. ). Moscow: Valang Press.
. Malishev, L.I., and Peshkova, G.A. (). Flora of Central Siberia (Vol. , p. ). Novosibirsk: Science Printing.
. Sanchir, Ch., Batkhuu, J., Boldsaikhan, B., and Komatsu, K. (). Illustrated Guide of Mongolian Useful Plants. (Vol. , p.
). Ulaanbaatar: Admon Printing.
. Ligaa, U., Davaasuren, B., and Ninjil, N. (). Medicinal Plants of Mongolia Used in Western and Eastern Medicine. (p.
). Ulaanbaatar: JCK Printing.
. Yuthok Yonten Gonpo., Four Medical Tantras, VIII-IXth century.
. Danzanpuntsag., Crystal rosary. XVIIIth century.
. Boldsaikhan, B. (). Encyclopedia of Mongolian Medicinal Plants (p. ). Ulaanbaatar: Mongolian University of
Science and Technology.
. Khaidav, Ts., and Javkhlan, G. (). Cacalia hastata L.Mongolian National Standard .
. Sokolov, P.D. et al., (). Plants review of USSR: Family Asteraceae. (p. ). Leningrad, Science Printing.
. Altanchimeg, D. (). Phytochemical investigations of some Mongolian plants with respect to their content ofpyrrolizidine alkaloids. (p. ). A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry. Ulaanbaatar:
Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences.
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CARUM CARVIL.
Mongolian name
Egel gonid, Ziira, Zira
Tibetan name
Gonid
English name
Caraway
Synonyms: C. decussa
Gilib., C. aromaticum Sa
C. officinale S.F. Gray,
rosellum Woronow, Ap
carviCrantz, Seseli carum SSium carum [Weber], S.
Bernh., Ligusticum carvi
Aegopodium carum W
Bunium carvi Bieb., Foenic
carvi Link, Falcaria carv
C.A.Mey., Pimpinella
Jessen, Carvi careum Buban
Description: Up to 70 cmperennial herbs forming b
bush, branched from the
with tap root. Leaves ob
in outline, two to three t
pinnatisected, segments l
lanceolate or linear. Comp
Carum carviL.
APIACEAE
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MEDICINAL PLANTS IN MONGOLIA
umbel with 816 unequal rays. 12 bracts, no bracteoles. Corolla pink or red-pink.Achene 4 mm long, with stron
smell.
Distribution:Khent., Khang., ng-Dag., ng. lt., Gbi-lt.
Habitat:Waterside meadows in forest-steppe and steppe zone [25].
Parts used:Fruit
Traditional Uses:The taste is bitter and hot, and the potency is warm andoily. It is used for the following: treatmen
of nervous diseases, tumors, eye diseases, bronchial phlegm, inflammation, stomach disorders, and improves peristals
and appetite. It is an ingredient of the following traditional prescriptions: Ava-7, 14, 15, Manmar, Agar-7, 10, 19, 20, 2
Banjan-25, Bongar-10, Bonnag-15, Brunag-29, Balo-25, Bragshun-9, Braibu-21, Gavur-7, 8, 9, 13, 14, 18, Givan-8, 10, 1
20, Gunbrum-7, Gurgum-7, Dudziseljor, Deva-5, 10, and Degd-4 [57].
Microscopic characteristics:
Fruit: Epicarp polygonal tabular cells and with striated cuticle. Parenchymatous cells of mesocarp 6-layered. Fiv
vascular bundles surrounded by sclerides. Above each vascular bundle a secretory cell is present. Endosperm thic
walled, contains oil globules, aleurone grains and crystals of calcium oxalate [8].
Chemical constituents:Fruit contains 2.67.67% essential oil:
(S)-(+)-carvone (up to 65%) and (R)-(+)-limonene (up to 50%)
as the main components [9], a-pinene, b-pinene, sabinene,
limonene, dihydrocarvone, isodihydrocarvone, carvacrol,dihydrocarvacrol, carveol, g- terpinene, myrcene, a-thujone,
b-thujone and other terpenoids [917], steroids: stigmasterol
and its palmitate and stearate esters; flavonoids: quercetin,
kaempferol glycoside, isoquercitrin, 0.020.48%; coumarins:
umbelliferone, scopoletin, gerniarin [18], phenol-carboxylic acid
and its derivatives [19], fat 18.421.18%, which contains 0.2% sugar, 66% triglycerides, 5.1% free fatty acids [18,2022
Bioactivities:Spasmolytic, mucolitic, and antibacterial [23], laxative [24].
O
H H
(S)-(+)-carvone (R)-(+)-limonene
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CARUM CARVIL.
References:
. Olziikhutag, N. (Ed). (). Latin-Mongolian-Russian Dictionary of Vascular Plants of Mongolia (p. ). Ulaanbaat
Press of Mongolian Academy of Sciences.
. Gubanov, I.. (). Conspectus on Mongolian Flora (vascular plants) (p. ). Moscow: Valang Press.
. Malishev, L.I., and Peshkova, G.A. (). Flora of Central Siberia (Vol. , p. ). Novosibirsk: Science Printing.
. Sanchir, Ch., Batkhuu, J., Boldsaikhan, B., and Komatsu, K. (). Illustrated Guide of Mongolian Useful Plants. (Vol.
). Ulaanbaatar: Admon Printing.
. Ligaa, U., Davaasuren, B., and Ninjil, N. (). Medicinal Plants of Mongolia Used in Western and Eastern Medicine.
). Ulaanbaatar: JCK Printing.
. Ganbayar, Ya. (). Guide to Drug Prescriptions of Mongolia. (p. ). Ulaanbaatar: Bit Service Printing.
. Khurelchuluun, B., Suran, D., and Zina, C. (). Illustrated Guide of Raw Materials Used in Traditional Medicine. (p.
Ulaanbaatar: Erkhes Printing.
. Max Wichtl. (). Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals. (p. ). Stuttgart: Medpharm, Stuttgart.
. Sokolov, P.D. et al. (). Plants Review of USSR: Family Rutaceae-Elaeagnaceae. (p. ). Leningrad: Science Printing.
. Embong, M.B., Hadzigev D., and Molnar, S. (). Essential oils from species grown in Alberta: Caraway oil (Carum car
Can. J. Plant. Sci. , .
. Ikeda, R.M., Stanley, W.L., Vannier, S.H., and Spitler, E.H. (). The monoterpene hydrocarbon composition of so
essential oils.J. Food. Sci., .
. Karrer, W. (). Konstitution und Vorkommen der organischen Pflanzenstoffe. (pp. ). Basel: Birkaser Verlag.
. Plouvier, V. (). Sur la recherche du pinitol chez quelques Caryophyllacees, Magnoliacees et plantes de fami
voisines. Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. , .
. Rothbcher, H., and Suteu, F. (). ber Hydroxylverbindungen des Kmmells. Planta Med. , .
. Salveson, A., and Baerheim Svendsen, A. (). Oxygen-containing monoterpenes: Gas chromatographic separation a
identification of cumin oil constituents. Sci. Pharm. , ; Chem. Abstr. (). , .
. Schantz, M., and Ek, B.S. (). ber die Bildung von therischen l in Kmmel-Carum carvi. Sci. Pharm. , .. Schantz, M., and Huhtikengas, A. (). ber die Bildung von Limonen und Carvon in Kmmel-Carum car
Phytochemistry, .
. Kartnig, Th. (). ber einige Lipoid-Inhatsstoffe aus den Frchten von Pimpinella anisumL. und Carum carviL. Fet
Seifen, Anstrichmittel, , .
. Dirks, U., and Herman, K. (). -(b-D-Glucopyranosyloxy)-benzoic acid, a characteristic phenolic constituent of t
Apiaceae. Phytochemistry, .
. Hondelmann, W. (). Das Vorkommen einer ungewhnlicen Fettsure, der Petroselinsure, in der Familie d
Doldengewchse als Ausganspunkt fr die Entwicklung neuer lfruchte. Land-bauforsch. Vlkendrode, , .
. Kleiman, R., and Spencer, G.F. (). Search for new industrial oils: Umbelliferae seed oils rich in petroselinic acid.J. Am
Oil. Chem. Soc. , .
. Stepenanco, N.A., Gusakova, S.D., and Umarov, A.U. (). Lipids from seed of Carum carviand Foeniculum vulga
Khim. Prir. Soedin. .
. Volodya, Ts., Tserenbaljid, D., and Lamjav, Ts. (). Medicinal Plants of Mongolia. (p. ). Ulaanbaatar.
. Mashkovsi, M.D (). Medicinal Preparations. (p. ). Moscow: Medicine Printing.
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MEDICINAL PLANTS IN MONGOLIA
Mongolian name
Nariin Ukher-gonid
(Yamaakhai)
Tibetan name
Java
English name
Rough Chervil
Description: 50120 cm
biennials, with thick taproo
Leaves three to four times pinnat
White compound inflorescencCalyx dentate. Petals whit
oblong. Secretory vittae in fru
grooves 23.
Distribution: Khovs., Khent
Khang., ng-Dg., ng. lt
Dund. Khalkh, Ikh n., Olon n., Do
Gobi, Gobi-lt.
Habitat: Crops and abandone
fields, inhabited places, alon
roads, mountain and hill slope
ravines, rocky areas and scree
[13].
Chaerophyllum gracileFreyn. & Sint.
APIACEAE
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CHAEROPHYLLUM GRACILEFREYN. & SINT.
Part used:Root
Traditional Uses:The taste is bitter and the potency is warm. It is used for the following: enhances vigour and p
has a sedative effect and enhances breathing. It is an ingredient of the following traditional prescriptions: Sugm
Sojed, Braibu-17, and Banlag-37 [36].
Chemical constituents:Root contains 0.030.5% coumarins [7,8], sugars: glucose, galactose, arabinose, rham
[9], quinones: gracillisquinones A and B [10].
Qualitive and quantitative assays:Protein is determined by the titration method using 0.1 mol/l sulphuric
as the titrant, and sugar is titrated with potassium permanganate. Pectins are determined by gravimetric analysis
Qualitive and quantitative standards:Loss on drying, not more than 6.0%. Ash, not more than 4.9%. Matte
more than 4.0%, of which mineral matter, not more than 1.5%. Stem and leaves of this plant, not more than 0.5%
of other plants, not more than 1.5%. Protein, not more than 12.0%. Sugar, not more than 47.6%. Pectin, not more7.8% [11].
Bioactivities:Antitumour [12] and antibacterial [7].
References:
. Gubanov, I.. (). Conspectus on Mongolian Flora (vascular plants) (p. ). Moscow: Valang Press.
. Sanchir, Ch., Batkhuu, J., Boldsaikhan, B., and Komatsu, K. (). Illustrated Guide of Mongolian Useful Plants. (Vol.
). Ulaanbaatar: Admon Printing.
. Ligaa, U., Davaasuren, B., and Ninjil, N. (). Medicinal Plants of Mongolia Used in Western and Eastern Medicine. ). Ulaanbaatar: JCK Printing.
. Yuthok Yonten Gonpo., Four Medical Tantras, VIII-IXth century.
. Danzanpuntsag., Crystal rosary. XVIIIth century.
. Boldsaikhan, B. (). Encyclopedia of Mongolian Medicinal Plants (p. ). Ulaanbaatar: Mongolian University of Scien
and Technology.
. Sokolov, P.D. et al. (). Plants Review of USSR: Family Rutaceae-Elaeagnaceae. (p. ). Leningrad: Science Printing.
. Valutskaya, A.G., Gusikova, I.N., and Turina, E.V. (). The coumarin content in some plants of Umbelliflorae growing
Siberia. Rastit. Resur. , .
. Banzragch, D. (). Characterization and structure of polysaccharides in some species of Mongolian medicinal plan
(p. ). Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry. Ulaanbaatar: Mongolian Academy
Sciences, Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology.
. Chen, N.Y., Shi, J., and Chen, T. (). Two new quinones from Spallerocarpus gracillis. Planta Med. , .
. Root of Spallerocarpus gracillis. (). Mongolian National Standard .
. Cetlin, A.L., Niconov, G.K., Shvarev, I.F., Pimenov, M.G. (). On the antitumour activity of natural coumarins. Ras
Resur. , .
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MEDICINAL PLANTS IN MONGOLIA
Mongolian name
Ikh Shuudergene
Tibetan name
Donroiselva
English name
Greater Celandine
Synonym:C. luteumGilib. [1]
Description: Perennial herb
forming bush, with big rhizom
contain orange colored latex likrust. Dark scales around the roo
neck. Stem branched, 4080 cm
tall. Basal leaves with curly hair
1030 cm long, pinnatisected, fin
segments big, lateral segment
small and in 34 pairs, uppe
side green, lower side whitish o
grey. Few flowered umbel in axi
of terminal leaves. Petals brighyellow, 1015 mm long. Capsul
grey, 25 cm long, 23 cm wide.
Distribution: Khent., Khang
ng-Dg., Khyang.
Chelidonium majusL.
PAPAVERACEAE
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CHELIDONIUM MAJUSL.
Habitat:Larch and birch forests in forest-steppe belt [25].
Part used:Herb
Traditional Uses: The taste is bitter and the potency is cool. It is used for the following: treating typhoid f
xerostomia, bile disorder, burn wounds, alleviating fever, soothing pain, dermatitis, and papilloma. It is an ingreof the following traditional prescriptions: Bashaga-7, Davichujin, Donroiselva-7, Yutigdumshitan, Lkhamobu
Chuchin-25 [58].
Microscopic characteristics:
Leaf:Leaf is dorsiventral. Palysade single-layered, large, scattered; spongy parenchyma 23 layered. Epiderma
thin, wavy walled. Anomocytic stomata occur only on the lower surface of the leaf. Stoma relatively large. Vas
bundles are visible centre of the spongy parenchyma [9].
Stem:The transverse section is rounded. Epidermis two-layered, relatively thick. Lower epidermis has parenchymathick-walled of cortex. Near the vascular bundle appearing thick-walled, large parenchyma. Collateral vascular b
surrounded by stem. Upper vascular bundle occurs with high developed sclerenchyma [9].
Chemical constituents:1.44.32% organic acids, 0.01% essential
oil [10], saponins [11,12], flavonoids [10], phenol carboxylic acid [13],
alkaloids: chelerythrine, sanguinarine [14], chelidonine, berberine,
coptisine [13], chelidimerine [15], chelirubine [16,17]. The main
alkaloids are chelidonine, chelerythrine, sanguinarine, berberine [13].
Qualitive and quantitative assays: Alkaloids in the plant are
identified by a precipitation reaction, and total alkaloid content is
determined by titration using perchloric acid as the titrant and crystal
violet as the indicator [9].
Qualitive and quantitative standards:Loss on drying, not more than 7.0%. Ash, not more than 8.0%. Or
matter, not more than 1.0% and mineral matter, not more than 0.5%. 70% ethanol-soluble extractive, not less
25.0%. Total alkaloid content, not less than 0.2% [9].
Bioactivities: Sedative, anesthetic [10], spasmolytic [10,18], antifungal [19], antiviral [13,20], antibacterial
hypotensive, analgesic [10,18], cytostatic, cytotoxic [14], antitumor, antimicrobial [13], stimulation of the dopamin
system and inhibition of the serotonergic system [21].
NCH3
H
H
OH
O
O
O
Chelidonine
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MEDICINAL PLANTS IN MONGOLIA
References:
. Olziikhutag, N. (Ed). (). Latin-Mongolian-Russian Dictionary of Vascular Plants of Mongolia (p. ). Ulaanbaatar: Press
of Mongolian Academy of Sciences.
. Gubanov, I.. (). Conspectus on Mongolian Flora (vascular plants) (p. ). Moscow: Valang Press.
. Malishev, L.I., and Peshkova, G.A. (). Flora of Central Siberia (Vol. , p. ). Novosibirsk: Science Printing.
. Sanchir, Ch., Batkhuu, J., Boldsaikhan, B., and Komatsu, K. (). Illustrated Guide of Mongolian Useful Plants. (Vol. , p.
). Ulaanbaatar: Admon Printing.
. Ligaa, U., Davaasuren, B., and Ninjil, N. (). Medicinal Plants of Mongolia Used in Western and Eastern Medicine. (p.
). Ulaanbaatar: JCK Printing.
. Danzanpuntsag., Crystal rosary. XVIIIth century.
. Boldsaikhan, B. (). Encyclopedia of Mongolian Medicinal Plants (pp. , ). Ulaanbaatar: Mongolian University of
Science and Technology.
. Khurelchuluun, B., and Batchimeg, U. (). Illustrated Guide of Medicinal Plant Raw Materials of Mongolia. (p. ).
Ulaanbaatar: Erkhes Printing.
. Barkhasdorj, Ts., Tserenkhand, G., and Aldarmaa, J. (). Herb of Chelidonium majusL. Mongolian National Standard
.. Fedorov, A.A. et al. (). Plants Review of USSR: Family Magnoliaceae-Limoniaceae. (p. ). Leningrad: Science Printing.
. Kwasniewski, V. (). ber die Auffindung eines Saponins im Schllkraute, Chelidonium majusL. Arch. Pharm. ,
.
. Kwasniewski, V. (). Untersuchungen ber die nichtalkaloidischen Inhaltstoffe des Schllkrauts (Chelidonium majus
L). Pharmazie, .
. Colombo, M.L., and Bosisio, E. (). Pharmacological activities of Chelidonium majusL. (Papaveraceae). Pharmacol.
Res., .
. Wrocinski, I. (). Niektore wlasciwosci farmakodynamiczne chelidoniny. Biul. inst. roslin leczniczych. , .
. Tin-Wa, M. et al. (). The structure of chelidimerine, a new alkaloid from Chelidonium majus. Lloydia, .
. Slavik, J. (). Alkaloidy rostlin makovitych (Papaveraceae): Isolace stylopinu z vlatoviniku (Chelidonium majusL).
Chem. Listy. , .
. Slavik, J. (). Alkaloidy rostlin makovitch (Papaveraceae): Ltky z vlatoviniku (Chelidonium majus L). eskoslv.
Farm. , .
. Vavreckov, C., Gawlik, I., and Mller, K. (). Benzophenanthridine alkaloids of Chelidonium majus, II. Potent inhibitory
action against the growth of human keratinocytes. Planta Med. , .
. Frencel, I., and Koscinski, R. (). Fungistatyczne dziatanie in vitro niektorych alkaloidow glistnika Chelidonium majus
L. Diss. Pharm. PAN, , .
. Bodalski, T., Kantoch, M., and Rzadkowska, H. (). Antifagowe dzialanie alkaloidow Chelidonium majusL. Diss. Pharm.
PAN, , .. Kleinrok, Z., Jagieo-Wjtowicz, E., Matuszek, B., and Chodkowska, A. (). Basic central pharmacological properties of
thiophosphoric acid alkaloid derivatives from Chelidonium majusL. Pol. J. Pharmacol. Pharm. , .
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CHIAZOSPERMUM ERECTUMBENNH.
Mongolian name
Tsekh Galuuntavag
Tibetan name
Barbada
English nameErect Corydalis (Erect
Hypecoum)
Synonym: Hypecoum ere
L. [1].
Description: Annual herb,
many stems and grey green
leaves growing in bunch. dichotomously branched
the inflorescence. Leaf b
oblong, twice pinnatise
final segments hair-like na
Two sepals triangle, scale
Flowers yellow, irregular, for
dichasium at the tip of stem
branches. Petals different, ext
two blades bigger, rectangulalike, indistinctly trilobate, int
two blades trilobate, latera
lobes flat, but mid lobe sp
like, dentate. Silique 58 cm
dehiscing by two valves, se
thin, strictly transverse.
Chiazospermum erectumBennh.
PAPAVERACEAE
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MEDICINAL PLANTS IN MONGOLIA
Distribution:Khent., Khang., ng-Dg., Khyang., Dund. Khalkh, Dr. ng., Dr. Gobi
Habitat:Sandy steppes, stony and debris steppe slopes, sandy and pebble riverbanks [25].
Part used:Herb
Traditional Uses:The taste is bitter and the potency is cool, severe, and sharp. It is used for the following: treatin
typhoid fever, poisoning, and blood fever, soothing pain, decreasing fever, and expelling bile. It is an ingredient of th
following traditional prescriptions: Ar ur-4, 10, Banjan-12, 25, Banzido-11, 12, Bashaga-7, Bongar-17, 18, Brunag-2
Gavur-18 Givan-20, Gurgum-7, 8, Deva-5, 8, 10, 15, Degd-8, 10, 15, 20, Degdiin tuulga, Pagril-13, Chun-18, Tanchin-25
and Barbadin [58].
Microscopic characteristics:
Stem: Epidermal cells thick. Inner part of epiderm developed parenchyma with chlorophyll. Parenchymatous cel
contain prism crystals of calcium oxalate [9].
Chemical constituents:Herb contains 0.892% alkaloids: protopine [1012], 8-oxyhunnemane, 8-oxyallocryptopin
(-)-hyperectine tautomer, allocryptopine, oxyhydramtinine, berberine [11], cryptopine, fumaritine, sanguinarine
sinactine, d,l-stilopine [13], hypecorine, hypecorinine [11,12,14].
Qualitive and quantitative assays:Alkaloids in the plant are identified by a precipitation reaction, and total alkalo
content is determined by a titration method [9].
Qualitive and quantitative standards:Loss on drying, not more than 9.0%. Ash, not more than 18.2%. Organimatter, not more than 0.2% and mineral matter, not more than 0.5%. Water-soluble extractive, not less than 26.6%
Total alkaloid content, not less than 0.6% [9].
Bioactivities:antioxidant [14], anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antiviral, antibacterial [10].
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MEDICINAL PLANTS IN MONGOLIA
Synonyms: C. vulgaris Lind
C. integerrima var. fructanigr
Medik., C. vulgaris vamelanocarpa Bunge, C. vulgar
var. haematocarpa Rupr.,