Medication administration part 1
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Medication Administration
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Principles and Routes of Medication Administration
Part 1
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Part 1 TopicsPart 1 Topics
Aseptic Technique Medication Administration
Routes Medication Package Anatomy and Physiology
Related to MedicationAdministration
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Six Rights of Drug Administration
Right person Right drug Right dose Right time Right route Right documentation
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Knowing all drug administration protocols
is essential.
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Always take appropriate body substance isolation measures to
reduce your risk of exposure during medication
administration.
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Body substance isolation equipment.
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Medical Asepsis It is important to keep the
ambulance and all theequipment clean.
Sterile—free of all forms of life Medically clean—involves
careful handling to preventcontamination
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Treat all blood and body fluids as potentially infectious.
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Needle Handling Precautions
Minimize the tasks performed ina moving ambulance.
Immediately dispose of usedsharps in a sharps container.
Recap needles only as a lastresort.
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Medication Administration and Documentation
Record all information concerning the patient and medication including: Indication for drug administration. Dosage and route delivered. Patient response to the
medication—both positive and negative.
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Percutaneous drug administration is drugs applied to and absorbed
through the skin or mucous membranes.
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Transdermal
Absorbed through the skin at a slow, steady rate.
Method:1. BSI.2. Clean administration site.3. Apply medication.4. Leave medication in place for required time.
Monitor the patient for desirable or adverse effects.
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Mucous Membranes
Absorbed through the mucous membranes at a moderate to rapid rate.
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Place the pill or direct spray between the underside of the tongue and the floor of
the oral cavity.
Sublingual Medication
Administration
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Place the medication between the patient’s cheek and gum.
Buccal Medication Administration
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Use a medication dropper to place the prescribed dosage on the conjunctival sac.
Eye Drop Administration
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Nasal medication administration
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Manually open the ear canal and administer the appropriate dose.
Aural Medication Administration
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Pulmonary Drug Administration
Medications are administered into the pulmonary system via inhalation or injection.
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Small volume nebulizerSmall volume nebulizer
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Nebulizer Nebulizer with with
attached attached face face
mask, mask, bag-valve bag-valve mask, and mask, and endotrachendotracheal tube.eal tube.
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Metered dose inhaler
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Endotracheal Tube
Several medications can be administered through an endotracheal tube: Lidocaine Epinephrine Atropine Naloxone
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Enteral Drug Administration
The delivery of any medication that is absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract.
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Gastrointestinal tractGastrointestinal tract
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Oral Drug Administration Any medication taken by mouth
and swallowed into the GI tract. Be sure the patient has
an adequate level ofconsciousness to prevent aspiration.
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Oral Drug Forms
Capsules Tablets Pills Enteric coated/
time releasecapsules andtablets
Elixirs Emulsions Lozenges Suspensions Syrups
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Equipment for Oral Administration
Soufflé cup Medicine cup Medicine
dropper
Teaspoon Oral syringe Nipple
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Gastric Tube Administration
Gastric tubes provide access directly to the GI system.
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Confirm proper tube placement.
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Withdraw the plunger while observing for the presence of
gastric fluid or contents.
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Instill the medication into the gastric tube.
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Gently inject the saline.
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Clamp off the distal tube.
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Rectal Administration
The rectum’s extremevascularity promotes rapid drugabsorption.
Medications do not travelthrough the liver, and are notsubject to hepatic alteration.
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Catheter placement on needleless syringe
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Syringe attached to endotracheal tube
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Prepackaged enema container
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Parenteral Drug Administration
Drug administration outside of the gastrointestinal tract.
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Syringes and Needles
Syringe. Hypodermic needle.
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Kinds of Parenteral Drug Containers
Glass ampules Single and multidose vials Nonconstituted syringes Prefilled syringes Intravenous medication fluids
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Ampules. Vials.
Ampules and Vials
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Information On Drug Labels
Name of medication Expiration date Total dose and concentration
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Hold the ampule upright and tap its top to dislodge any
trapped solution.
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Place gauze around the thin neck…
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…and snap it off with your thumb.
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Draw up the medication.
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Confirm the vial label.
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Prepare the syringe and hypodermic needle.
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Cleanse the vial’s rubber top.
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Insert the hypodermic needle into the rubber top and inject the air from the syringe into the vial.
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The nonconstituted drug vial actually consists of two vials, one containing a powdered medication and one containing a liquid mixing solution.
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Nonconstituted drugs come in separate vials. Confirm
the labels.
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Remove all solution from the vial containing the mixing
solution.
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Cleanse the top of the vial containing the powdered drug
and inject the solution.
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Agitate or shake the vial to ensure complete mixture.
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Prepare a new syringe and hypodermic needle.
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Withdraw the appropriate volume of medication.
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In the Mix-O-Vial system, the vials are joined at the neck.
Confirm the labels.
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Squeeze the vials together to break the seal. Agitate or shake to mix completely.
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Withdraw the appropriate volume of medication.
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Parenteral Routes
Intradermal injection Subcutaneous injection Intramuscular injection Intravenous access Intraosseous infusion
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Intradermal Intradermal InjectionInjection
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Assemble and prepare the needed equipment.
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Check the medication.
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Draw up the medication.
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Prepare the administration site.
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Pull the patient’s skin taut.
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Insert the needle, bevel up at a
10–15 angle.
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Remove the needle and cover the puncture site with an
adhesive bandage.
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Monitor the patient.
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Subcutaneous Injection
45º
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Subcutaneous Injection Sites
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Prepare the equipment.
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Check the medication.
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Draw up the medication.
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Prep the site.
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Insert the needle at a 45 angle.
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Remove the needle and cover the puncture site.
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Monitor the patient.
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Intramuscular Injection Sites
Deltoid Dorsal gluteal Vastus lateralis Rectus femoris
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Intramuscular Injection
90º
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Intramuscular Injection Sites
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Prepare the equipment.
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Check the medication.
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Draw up the medication.
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Prepare the site.
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Insert the needle at a 90 angle.
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Remove the needle and cover the puncture site.
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Monitor the patient.
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Part 1 Summary
Aseptic technique Medication administration
routes Medication package Anatomy and physiology
related to medicationadministration