Medical Terminology2-Roots, Prefix and Sufiix 2003
-
Upload
muhammad-zaniar-ramadhani -
Category
Documents
-
view
218 -
download
1
description
Transcript of Medical Terminology2-Roots, Prefix and Sufiix 2003
Commonly Used Roots, Prefix and
Suffix
By Madarina JuliaE. Suryadi
Medical Terminology
Basic Word Structure
PANCYTOPENIA
PREFIX WORDROOT
COMBINING VOWEL
SUFFIX
COMBINING FORM
TissueTissues may have different terms in normal and diseased states
NORMAL: LATIN WORD
DISEASED/ ABNORMAL: GREEK WORD
normal and abnormalTESTIS
UTERUSVAGINA
OVARIUMTUBA
NASUSORIS
HEPAR
orch/ometr/ocolp/o
oophor/osalphynx
rhin/ostomat/
onephepat/o
orchitisendometriti
scolpitis
vaginitisOophoritissalphyngiti
srhinitis
Stomatitishepatitis
normal and abnormal
RENCOR
PULMO
CORNEAAURIS
CEREBRUM
nephr/ocardi/o
pneum/o
kerat/oot/o
encephal/o
nephritiscarditis
pneumonitis
pneumoniakeratitis
otitisencephaliti
s
Tissue
ADIPOSE TISSUEFascia adiposaLIP/O : FAT– Lipolysis– Lipogenesis– Lipodystrophy– lipoma
Tissue
OSSEUS/OSOs femur, os radius, os pallatum, medulla osseumOSTE/O - : BONE– Osteogenesis
imperfecta– Osteoblast– Osteomyelitis
Tissue
NERVUSNernus ischiadicus, n. axillarisNEUR/O : NERVE– neuralgia– neuropathy– neuritis
Tissue
MUSCULUSMusculus pectoralis major, m. rectus abdominisMY/OMYS/O: MUSCLE– myopathy– myositis– Myoglobin– Myofibra– Myocardium– Myometrium
Tissue
CARTILAGOCartilago thyreoidea, cartilago septi nasiCHONDR/O : CARTILAGE– chondrodysplasia– Achondroplasia– Osteogenesis enchondralis– Chondrogenesis
Tissue
CUTISCUTANE/0
Intracutane, subcutaneDERMISDERMAT/O : SKIN– dermatitis– leukoderma– epidermis– dermatology
Tissue
VASAVASCUL/O
vascularisation, avascular ANGI/O : BLOOD VESSEL– angiopathy/ vasculopathy– angiography– Angiogram– angioma– Vasculitis
Tissue
SANGUIS; SANGUINISHEM/O =HAIMAEMHEMAT/O: BLOOD– hematology– hematopoiesis– anemia– cholesterolemia– hemoglobin
Color= chrom
LEUK/O : ALBUS : WHITEALBINO, CORPUS ALBICANLINEA ALBALEUKOCYTE LEUKOCYTURIALEUKOCYTOSISLEUKEMIALEUKODERMALEUKODYSTROPHYLEUKOPLAKIALEUKORRHEAFLUOR ALBUS
Color = chrom
MELAN/O : FUSCUS : BLACK MELANOCYTEMELANOBLASTMELANOMAMELANURIAMELANINMELENA
ColorERYTHR/O : RUBRO :
RED CORPUS RUBRUM NUCLEUS RUBER
ERYTHROBLASTERYTHROCYTE ERYTHROCLASTERYTHEMATOUSERYSIPELASERYTHREMIAERYTHRODERMA
Color
CYAN/O: BLUE
CYANOTICCYANOSISCYANOPHILCYANOPSIACYANOLABE
glaucos : bluish green Griseus : bluish grey
ColorCHLOR/O:CHLOASMA :
GREEN
CHLOROMACHLOROPHYLCHLOROPSIACHLOROLABE
COLOR
GRISEUS = POLIOS = PHAIOS =GREY
Substantia grisea Poliomyelitis
Color
XANTH/O: FLAVUS: LUTEUS: YELLOW
CORPUS LUTEUMXANTHOCHROMICXANTHOCHROMIAXANTHELASMAXANTHOMAXANTHOPSIA
Body activities
Audio = acouo = to hear Opsia = opia = blepo = to seePhagien = to eatDipsa = to drinkPhrasis = to speechLaleo = to talkGradior = to walkHalo = pneu = to breatheOureo = to urinateErgo = to workSedeo =sella = to sit
Osme = bromo =to smellMnena = memoryPalpo = to touchKineo= moveo = to moveGustatus = geuma = to tasteHypnos = somnus = sopor= to sleepGlutio = to swallow Defaecatio= chezo = to defaecate
Qualitative Measurement
Major= magnus = mega = greatMinor = parvus = smallBreve = short
Longus = longDurum = hard
Mollis = softBradys = tardus = slowTachys = celer = fastPoly = multi = manyOligos = few = rareAsthenia = weak
prefix – Location
end/o – ento - enesointra
ect/o
exo
ec
retr/o
par/a
peri
supra/super /ultra
epiextra
infra/ sub
prefix – Location
mes/o
Circum/peri
Ante = beforeMeta = behindTrans = beyond, to the other sideInter = between, amongDia = complete = through Per = through, overAna = upon, upwardsCata = downward
prefix – Locationexamples:
ectopic pregnancyectoderm, mesoderm, endodermencephalitisendometrium vs. parametriumendotoxin vs. exotoxinPeriosteum, pericardiumCircumoral, circumductioretroperitonealsuprarenal, etc.
A/AN
NULLI
prefix - number
ANEMIAAPLASTIC ANEMIAANALGESIANULLIPARA
WITHOUT
LACKING
DEFICIENT
HEMIPARESISHEMIPLEGIAHEMIHYPERTROPHYSEMICOMATOSE
prefix - number
½ hemi
semi
HALF
PARTIAL
prefix - number
MONOCLONAL ANTIBODYMONOPARESISMONONUCLEAR CELLSUNICELLULARUNILATERAL
uni - mono
prefix - number
PRIMIPARA, PRIMIPAROUSPRIMIGRAVIDAPRIMITIVE PRIMORDIAL GERM CELLS
1st
primi
BI - DI(PLO)
prefix - number
BICUSPID VALVEBICEPSBIFURCATIODIPLOCOCCUSDIPLOID
prefix - number
•MULTI – MANY : MULTIPARA, MULTINUCLEAR
GIANT CELLS, MULTIGRAVIDA
•3 - TRI : TRICUSPIDALIS, TRI IN DIE
•4 - TETRA : TETRAPARESES, TETRAPLEGIA
•5 - PENTA : PENTAMER
negative sense
ANTI (ANT): CONTRA =AGAINST, OPPOSED
• ANTIBIOTIC
• ANTIHISTAMINE
• ANTITOXIN
MAL = BAD Malnutrition, malaria
A, AN = ABSENCE OF SOMETHING, DEFICIENT Anaerobe, anemia,
anhidrosis
negative sense
dys : difficult, painful, abnormal
DYSMENORRHEA
DYSPEPSIA
DYSTROPHY
(DUCHENNE MUSCULODYSTROPHY)
DYSURIA
hyper and hypo
hyper : beyond normal, excessive, over hypo: under, deficient, below normal
HYPOGLYCEMIAHYPOTHYROIDISM
HYPOTENSIHYPODERMIC
HYPERGLYCEMIAHYPERTHYROIDIS
MHYPERTENSI
tachy and brady
tachy: rapid, fast brady: slow
tachycardiatachypnea
bradycardiabradypnea
suffix – noun
dyspnea, rhinorrheaanemia, osteomalaciahypertrophyectasiaarteriosclerosis
a, ia, y, sia, sis, asia, asis, esis, ema, ism, us:
state, condition
• nephrolithiasis• erythema• hyperchromasi
a• diuresis• synergism• hydrocephalus
suffix – noun
itis inflammation
oma,ma
tumor, disease
oophoritis fibroadenomaendometritis adenocarcinomacolitis ulcerosa gliomahepatitis edemacarditis lymphoma
SuffixNOUN - ADJECTIVE
NOUN ADJECTIVEcyanosisanemianervus
sclerosisstenosisparalysis
cyanoticanemicnervousscleroticstenoticparalytic
SUFFIXES
-ALGIA = PAIN-CELE = HERNIA-CENTESIS = SURGICAL PUNCTURE TO REMOTE
A FLUID-PENIA = DECREASE-DYNIA = PAIN-LYSIS = DESTRUCTION = BREAKDOWN-MALACIA = SOFTENING-OPSY = TO VIEW-POIESIS = FORMATION-PLASIA = DEVELOPMENT
SUFFIXES
-OSIS = ABNORMAL CONDITION-PATHY = DISEASE-PEXY = FIXATION-STASIS = STOPPING. CONTROLING-SCOPE = INSTRUMENT FOR
EXAMINATION -PTOSIS = DROPPING
Further Readings
Chabner DE. The Language of Medicine. W.B. Saunders Company, 1981Dunmore CW, Fleischer RM. Medical Terminology. Exercises in Etymology, 2nd ed. F.A Davis Company, 1985Dennerll JT. Medical Terminology. A Programmed Text, 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1988