Medical Terminology 2 Blood,Lymphatic, Immune system Lesson 1.doc

7/18/2019 Medical Terminology 2 Blood,Lymphatic, Immune system Lesson 1.doc

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Medical Terminology 2.0

Blood, Lymphatic and Immune System: Lesson 1: Anatomy & Physiology

In this lesson, you will learn medical terms related to the blood, lymphatic, and immune systems.When you have completed this lesson, you will be familiar with medical terms used to describethe structures and functions of the blood, lymphatic, and immune systems.

After completing this lesson, you should be able to:

• Define the word parts used to build terms related to the anatomy and physiology of the

blood, lymphatic, and immune systems.

• Define terms related to the anatomy and physiology of the blood, lymphatic, and immune

systems.

• Recognize and use the word parts and terms related to the structure and function of the

blood, lymphatic and immune systems.• Pronounce and spell terms related to the anatomy and physiology of the blood,

lymphatic, and immune systems.

Case Study: Mr. Li Chen

Li Chen and his wife Mai own a small gift shop in San Francisco. They work together at the shopon most days of the week. The business demands a significant amount of their time, but theyboth enjoy the work and being together.

Li's wife comes with him to see Dr. Stamatis. Mai tells Dr. Stamatis, "My husband is normallyquite fit. Usually when a new shipment comes in, he can lift and carry most boxes in by himself—or at least hoist the larger boxes and crates onto a dolly without any help. But lately, he doesn't

have the energy or strength to lift even the fairly light boxes."

Li only nods. Dr. Stamatis takes note that Li's fatigue is significant enough that he prefers Mai todo most of the talking. As Dr. Stamatis asks a few more questions, Li says, "I also seem to catchcolds more easily." He states that he has had a sore throat for at least three weeks.

In addition to the fatigue, he says he has lost a little weight. Hearing this, Dr. Stamatis makes afew initial notes and then listens to Li's heart and takes his blood pressure.

Dr. Stamatis then continues with Li's health history. As Dr. Stamatis continues with Li'sexamination, he reflects on the fact that both Li and Mai continue to comment on Li's level of fatigue. Obviously, this concerns them the most. Dr. Stamatis decides to investigate Li's potential

for lowered immunity resulting from a disorder of his immune system.

Blood, Lymphatic, and Immune Systems

The hematologic (blood) and lymphatic systems flow through separate but interdependentchannels of vessels and liquids.

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#hematologic

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#lymphatic


http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#hematologic




These systems include the body's two liquid tissues, the blood (hem/o, hemat/o) and lymph (lymph/o). These tissues work together to maintain homeostasis (home/o=same,-stasis=maintaining a constant level), a steady state in the body's internal environment.

These two systems combine with a third system, the immune system, to protect the body againstpathogens (path/o=disease, -gen=producing).

Composition of Whole Blood

Blood is a connective tissue composed of a clear, straw-colored fluid called plasma, the fluidportion of the blood in which the particulate elements are suspended.

Serum (ser/o) is plasma minus the clotting proteins, fibrinogen and prothrombin.

Click the More Information tab to learn about formed elements.

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#blood

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#hem/o

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#hemat/o

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#lymph

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#lymph/o

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#homeostasis

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#home/o

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#-stasis

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#immune_system

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#pathogen

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#path/o

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#-gen


http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#plasma

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#serum


http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#ser/o


http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#fibrinogen



http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#prothrombin

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#blood


http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#hemat/o

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#lymph


http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#homeostasis

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#home/o

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#-stasis

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#immune_system

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#pathogen

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#path/o


http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#plasma




http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#prothrombin



Erythrocyte Production and Decomposition

Red blood cell production is called erythropoiesis (erythr/o=red, -poiesis=formation).

RBCs decompose in a process called hemolysis (hem/o=blood, -lysis=destruction, breakdown).

Granulocytes

Types of leukocytes include granulocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes and macrophages.

Granulocytes (granul/o=granule, -cyte=cell) have small grains present in their cytoplasm (cyt/o=cell, -plasm=substance of a cell). They share a common property of nuclei with manylobes, which is reflected in the term polymorphonucleocyte (poly-=many, morph/o=shape/form,nucle/o=nucleus).

In the laboratory, different granulocytes attract different types of stain and are named accordingly.

• Eosinophils attract a rosy-colored, acidic dye (eosin/o=red, rosy, dawn-colored,

-phil=attraction, tendency).

• Basophils (bas/o=base) attract an alkaline/basic dye and are colored blue.

• Neutrophils (neutr/o=neutral) attract a neutral dye and stain a lavender color.

Lymphocytes

There are two types of lymphocytes (lymph/o=lymph, -cyte=cell): T cells and B cells.

These cells attack infectious agents (antigens (anti-=against) directly or by producing neutralizerscalled antibodies.

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#erythropoiesis


http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#erythr/o

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#-poiesis


http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#hemolysis



http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#-lysis

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#granulocyte

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#granul/o

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#-cyte

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#cytoplasm

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#cyt/o

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#-plasm

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#polymorphonucleocyte

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#poly-

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#morph/o


http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#nucle/o

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#eosinophil

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#eosin/o

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#-phil

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#basophil

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#bas/o

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#neutrophil

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#neutr/o

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#lymphocyte



http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#antigen

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#anti-

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#antibody



http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#erythr/o




http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#-lysis

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#granulocyte

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#granul/o


http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#cytoplasm

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#cyt/o

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#-plasm

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#polymorphonucleocyte

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#poly-


http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#nucle/o

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#eosinophil

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#eosin/o

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#-phil

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#basophil

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#bas/o

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#neutrophil

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#neutr/o

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#lymphocyte



http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#antigen

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#anti-




In response to detected pathogens or foreign bodies in the body, the immune system releases:

• Lymphocytes (both B cells and T cells) that secrete lymphokines.

• Monocytes and macrophages that secrete monokines.

• Cytokines direct immune cellular interactions.

o Interleukin is a special type of cytokine that sends messages between the

leukocytes to direct their protective actions.

Case Study: Mr. Chen

As Dr. Stamatis palpates Li Chen's abdomen, he detects that Li's spleen may be slightlyenlarged, a condition called splenomegaly. The spleen is involved in making cells that fightinfection. When the spleen is helping the body to ward off an infection, part of that responsecauses the spleen to enlarge. He also notes that Li has enlarged cervical lymph nodes.

Dr. Stamatis examines Li's laboratory results. His blood tests show an increase in lymphocytes,one type of white blood cell. Some of these increased lymphocytes have an unusual, or atypical,appearance. More specific blood tests, such as the monospot and heterophile antibody tests, areboth positive for mononucleosis.

Since mononucleosis is caused by a virus, Dr. Stamatis does not prescribe antibiotics. Instead,he tells Li to rest, take a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory for his aches and be prepared to be off work for several weeks until the disease runs its course.

Summary

This lesson presented the medical terms used to describe the anatomy and physiology of the

blood, lymphatic, and immune systems. Terms used to describe the hematologic cells and their functions were introduced. Medical terminology used to describe the immune system wereexplained and defined.

Click the Take Test button to begin the test.

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#b_cell

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#t_cell

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#lymphokines

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#monokines


http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#cytokine

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#interleukin

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#b_cell

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#t_cell

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#lymphokines


http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#cytokine

http://www.educode.com/Images/medterm_glossary.htm#interleukin

Medical Terminology 2 Blood,Lymphatic, Immune system Lesson 1.doc

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