Medical parasitology(Final Revision )

Manchester, S6

Points you

have to know with each

parasite

Habitat

D.H, R.H, I.H

C/PDrug of choice

Diagnostic , infective

stages

Helminths

Trematodes

Fasciola speciesP. westermani

Cestodes

Taenia species Echinococcus granulosus

NematodesAscaris lumbricoides

Enterobius vermicularisWuchereria bancrofti

Brugia malayi

Fasciola species

Fasciola cercaria

Fasciola egg

Name ?

Parasites affecting lung

Paragonimus egg

Tapeworms

Taenia saginata gravid segment

Taenia solium gravid segment

Taenia saginata & Taenia solium scolex

Taenia egg

1) The next figure represents part of a parasite

Answer the following questions:

A) Mention name of the parasite (Taenia solium)B) Diseases caused by this parasite (intestinal taeniasis and cysticercosis )C) Methods of infection (consumption of imperfectly cooked pig's meat containing the cysticercus cellulosa, ingestion of eggs of T. Solium, external or internal autoinfection)

D) Infective stage (cysticercus cellulosa in case of intestinal taeniasis and egg in case of cysticercosis)

E) Diagnostic stage (gravid segments or rarely eggs in the stool)F) Habitat of this parasite (small intestine)

Ecchinococcus granulosus

Unilocular hydatid cyst

Ascaris adult male and female

Fertile egg of Ascaris

Corticated & fertilized

decorticated unfertilized

Ascaris eggs

Enterobius vermicularis male

Enterobius vermicularis female

Enterobius vermicularis egg

Wuchereia bancrofti microfilaria

Entamoeba histolytica cyst

Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites

Giardia intestinalis trophozoite

Giardia intestinalis cyst

Free-living amoebaeNaegleria fowleri

Acanthamoeba castellani

Phlebotomous papatasi

Haemosomatic flagellates

Leishmania Promastigote form

Leishmania promastigote

Polymorphic trypanosomes

Monomorphic trypanosomesTrypanosoma cruzi in blood

T. Cruzi forms in blood and tissue

Romana’s signChiclero ulcer

Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte

Plasmodium malariae Band form trophozoite

Plasmodium ring stage

P. vivax ring

Complications:

Cerebral malaria Hypoglycaemia

Hyperpyrexia Convulsion

ShockHemoglobinuria

Severe anaemia Acute renal failure

Coagulopathy Spontaneous bleeding

Acute pulmonary oedema Aspiration pneumonia

Hyperparasitaemia Metabolic acidosis

Plasmo

dium

falcipar

um

Glomerulonephritis

Nephrotic syndrome

Plasmod

ium

malaria

e

Relapses

Plasmodi

um vivax

`n ovale

Manar Sobh Azab

Mosquito-born malariaBlood-transfusion malaria

Malaria

P. vivax P. ovale P. malariae P. falciparum

Stippling Schuffner dots (fine pink dots)

Schufffner dots (fine pink dots)

Ziemann dots (fine pink dots)

Maurer dots (irregular red clefts)

Ring stage Fills 1/3 of R.B.Cs.

Fills 1/3 of R.B.Cs. ,stippling appears early

Fills 1/3 of R.B.Cs.

Fills 1/6 of R.B.Cs.

- Frequently two chromatin dots

-Accolé forms

Trophozoite

- Amoeboid

- Highly vacuolated

- More compact

- Less vacuolated

- More compact

- Less vacuolated, sometimes band shaped

- More compact

- Less vacuolated

- Not seen in peripheral blood

Schizont - Fills the R.B.Cs.

- Contains 16 merozoites

- Fills 3/4 of R.B.Cs.

- Contains 8 merozoites

- Fills the R.B.Cs.

- Contains 8 merozoites (rosette-shape)

- Fills 3/4 of R.B.Cs.

- Contains 24 merozites

- Not seen in peripherial blood

Gametocyte

Fills the R.B.Cs.

Fills 3/4 of R.B.Cs.

Fills the R.B.Cs.

Crescent or banana – shaped

Control of arthropods

Larva

Adult

• W. bancroft, malayi (mosquitoes).

• Giardia, Entamoeba, Enterobius, Ascaris (house fly)• Leishmania (sand fly).

• Trypanosoma gambiense (Glossina).• Trypanosoma cruzi (Triatoma).

. Plasmodium (mosquito Anopheles).

Parasites transmitted by arthropods