MEDICAL IMAGING (EU 601)
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Transcript of MEDICAL IMAGING (EU 601)
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PART 1
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GAMMA CAMERA
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A device used to image gamma radiation emitting
radioisotopes (scintigraphy)
WHAT IS GAMMA CAMERA ?
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To view & analyze images of the human body or distribution of medically injected, inhaled or
ingested radionuclides emitting gamma rays.
FUNCTION OF GAMMA CAMERA
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HOW DOES IT WORK ?
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COMPONENTS OF GAMMA CAMERA CALLIMATOR NAL (TI) CRYSTAL PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBES (PMT) PRE- AMPLIFIER AMPLIFIER POSITION LOGIC CIRCUITS PULSE HEIGHT ANALYZER DATA ANALYSIS COMPUTER DISPLAY (CATHODE RAY TUBE etc.) GANTRY
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CALLIMATOR
• Made of a large number of small holes drilled in a plate of lead.
• Provide the right direction.
• Scatter radiation absorbed by septa.
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TYPES OF COLLIMATORPARALLEL - HOLE PIN- HOLE
COLLIMATOR
Image
Same Sizeas
Object
Sensitivity
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CONT.CONVERGING DIVERGING
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NAL (TI) CRYSTAL Converts received radiations into
light photons
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PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBES (PMT) Following the light
guide. photocathode converts
light photons into electrons.
electrons amplified through many dynodes.
The final electrons cluster is collected at the anode
anode converts them into electrical signals.
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PRE- AMPLIFIER & AMPLIFIER Pre- amps attach above the
PMT. The amount of charge given by
PMT is very small. Even though we have used a sophisticated photo detector like a PMT we still end up with quite a small electrical signal.
A very sensitive amplifier is therefore needed to amplify this signal. This type of amplifier is generally called a pre-amplifier.
After that use amplifier to amplify the signal as need.
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POSITION LOGIC CIRCUITS
Position circuitary receive the electrical impulses from the tubes in the summing matrix circuit (SMC).
This allows the position circuits to determine where each scintillation event occurred in the detector crystal.
PULSE HEIGHT ANALYZER
The amplitude of each electrical pulse from the amplifiers is measured in the electrical circuits of the pulse-height analyzer
Peak height analyzer and a computer convert the light into a useful anatomical image
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DATA ANALYSIS COMPUTER
A processing computer is used to deal with the incoming projection data and processes it into a readable image of the 3D spatial distribution of activity within the patient. The computer may use various methods to reconstruct an image, such as filtered back projection or iterative reconstruction
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GANTRY
A gamma camera system attached with gantry.
All circuits and motors related to movement (longitudinal, rotational, up & down)of gamma camera placed in gantry.
gantry
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Bone scan. Myocardial
Perfusion Lung scan. Kidney function. Thyroid uptake.
APPLICATIONS OF GAMMA CAMERA
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PART 2
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RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL
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Is a radioactive pharmaceutical agent that is used for
diagnostic or therapy in a tracer quantity.
DEFINITION OF RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL
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RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL
THERAPEUTIC
DIAGNOSING
USE OF RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL
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THERAPEUTIC Designed to deliver therapeutic dose of
ionizing radiation to specific disease site, such as cancerous tumors, with high specificity in the body.
Historically, used to treat Thyroid cancer, Graves’ disease, hyperthyroidism, and bone pain pallitation associated with skeletal metastasis.
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DIAGNOSING
Used to derive detailed description of the morphology and dynamic functioning of the various internal organs of the
body.
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PART 3
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THE ROLES OF COMPUTER IN RADIOISOTOPES
IMAGING
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data acquisitiondata processingimage display and manipulationdata storage and system control
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Studies of the brain and central nervous system.
Cardiac imaging. Skeletal imaging. The respiratory system. Liver/spleen imaging. The endocrine system
RADIOISOTOPES IMAGING INCLINICAL APPLICATION