Medical History Medical Pioneers And Advancements (Part 2 and 3)
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Transcript of Medical History Medical Pioneers And Advancements (Part 2 and 3)
Early Medical Pioneers
▫William Harvey Arteries – blood flows away from heart Veins – blood flows to the heart Same blood pumped repeatedly Blood purified in lungs 2 ounces of blood passed with each
heartbeat Died before he knew how the blood got
from the arteries to the veins (capillaries)
Early Medical Pioneers▫Malpighi (Italian) and van Leeuwenhoek
(Dutch) and Hooke (English)Microscope invented
Early Medical Pioneers▫Pare (French)
Wound dressing Tying off of bleeding vessels versus
cauterizing them Invented forceps
Modern Medical Pioneers▫Medicine has evolved in the last 250 years
Invention of microscope Discovery of microbes Advancement in physics and chemistry
Modern Medical Pioneers▫Rene Laennec
1781-1826 Frenchman Invented stethoscope First was a piece of paper, then a wooden
tube
Modern Medical Pioneers▫Dr. WTG Morton
1819 – 1868 First anesthetic (Greek meaning “not
feeling”)– Ether
Modern Medical Pioneers▫Louis Pasteur
1822-1895 French Chemist Pasteurization
Heating and sealing of wine bottles to destroy microorganisms
Vaccine for rabies
Modern Medical Pioneers▫Joseph Lister
1827-1912 London, England Medical asepsis
Destruction of or cleaning off of organisms Used carbolic acid to clean and disinfect
Modern Medical Pioneers▫Wilhelm von Roentgen
1845-1923 German professor of physics Discovered x-rays Named Roentgen rays
Modern Medical Pioneers▫Dr. Elias Metchnikoff
1845-1916 Russian Jew Nobel prize in medicine for studying how
white blood cells protect the body from disease
Modern Medical Pioneers▫Gerhard Domagk
1895- 1964 German Bacteriologist Discovered a red dye that killed many germs Developed Sulfa drugs
Modern Medical Pioneers▫Sir Alexander Fleming
1881-1955 Discovered that mold prevented the growth
of bacteria Beginning of the development of penicillin
(antibiotic)
Modern Medical Pioneers▫Dr. Christian Barnard
December 3, 1967 First successful heart transplant (South
Africa)
Early Leaders in American Medicine
▫Benjamin Franklin The Pennsylvania Hospital in Philadelphia -
1753▫Not first hospital, but oldest surviving institution
for the care of the sick in the US
Early Leaders in American Medicine
▫Ephraim McDowell 1771-1830 removed a large ovarian tumor was called a murderer (but patient lived for
many more years) many of his surgical techniques are still usedtoday
Early Leaders in American Medicine
▫Walter Reed 1851-1902 Experimented with human subjects, giving them Yellow Fever His work made the panama canal possible –
without it, the construction would have never restarted. It was halted because it was believed that
Yellow Fever was contagious (they didn’t know it was spread by mosquitoes)
Early Leaders in American Medicine
▫Theobald Smith 1859 – 1934 professor of bacteriology laid the foundation for the prevention of
diseases (vaccines) typhoid, diphtheria, meningitis
Early Leaders in American Medicine
▫Alexis Carrel Nobel Prize in medicine in 1912 Work in joining blood vessels.
Early Leaders in American Medicine
▫Dr. Jonas Salk Polio vaccine in 1954 Many got sick and died
▫Dr. A.B. Sabin Attenuated oral vaccine (dead viruses) for
polio
Early Leaders in American Medicine
• 1950’s radioisotopes used to see organs
Compression Fracture in Spine Gallbladder
Early Leaders in American Medicine
▫Mid 20th Century Brain surgery Transplanted organs Artificial parts Cataracts removed and plastic lenses
inserted Plastic surgery Heart surgery normal
Replacement Parts▫Artificial organs have not been perfected,
although there has been much progress made with artificial hearts
▫Artificial valves
Replacement Parts▫Stem cells
Cells that can differentiate into any type of cell/tissue etc
Cells could be used to “grow” new organs for someone and be a perfect match.
Cloning Highly controversial
Ethical, moral and legal implications Embryonic
Comes from embryos (to this date, NO useable therapies have been developed using embryonic stem cells)
Adult Stem cells In body of adults, but have limited uses (so far,
all therapies have originated from adult stem cells)