Medical Chemistry Pharmacology I. Discovery, Metabolism, and Industrial Applications of ASPIRIN.
-
Upload
prudence-dawson -
Category
Documents
-
view
217 -
download
0
Transcript of Medical Chemistry Pharmacology I. Discovery, Metabolism, and Industrial Applications of ASPIRIN.
![Page 1: Medical Chemistry Pharmacology I. Discovery, Metabolism, and Industrial Applications of ASPIRIN.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649dc45503460f94ab750a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Medical Chemistry
Pharmacology I. Discovery, Metabolism, and Industrial
Applications of
ASPIRIN
![Page 2: Medical Chemistry Pharmacology I. Discovery, Metabolism, and Industrial Applications of ASPIRIN.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649dc45503460f94ab750a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
DrugsAny substance that, when absorbed into the body of a living
organism, alters normal bodily function. Drugs are divided into two different groups:
1. Recreational Drugs are chemical substances that affect the central nervous system, such as opioids or hallucinogens. They may be used for perceived beneficial effects on perception, consciousness, personality, and behavior. Some drugs can cause addiction and/or habituation
2. Pharmaceutical Drugs are also referred to as medicine, medication or medicament, can be loosely defined as any chemical substance intended for use in the medical diagnosis, cure, treatment, or prevention of disease.
![Page 3: Medical Chemistry Pharmacology I. Discovery, Metabolism, and Industrial Applications of ASPIRIN.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649dc45503460f94ab750a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
In this unit the word ‘drug’ always refers to pharmaceutical drugs
The drug ASPIRIN is the brand name for the substance Acetyl Salicylic Acid - ASA
![Page 4: Medical Chemistry Pharmacology I. Discovery, Metabolism, and Industrial Applications of ASPIRIN.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649dc45503460f94ab750a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Acetyl Salicylic Acid
• Belongs to chemical substance class of organic acids
• Characterized by one or more carboxyl gourps: -COOH
• How does a carboxyl Group act as an acids?
![Page 5: Medical Chemistry Pharmacology I. Discovery, Metabolism, and Industrial Applications of ASPIRIN.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649dc45503460f94ab750a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Medical History
Salicylates: chemical compound group found in willow plants (salix alba)• Willow extracts have beenused in all cultures through the ages for treatment of fever and pain
![Page 6: Medical Chemistry Pharmacology I. Discovery, Metabolism, and Industrial Applications of ASPIRIN.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649dc45503460f94ab750a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Acetyl Salicylic Acid
Medical Effects of ASA’s• Analgesic – anti pain• Antipyretric – anti fever• Anti-inflammatory• Anti-platelet – reduces blood clottingPharmacological Substance Class: NSAIDS –
Non Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
![Page 7: Medical Chemistry Pharmacology I. Discovery, Metabolism, and Industrial Applications of ASPIRIN.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649dc45503460f94ab750a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
NSAIDS
• Over-the-counter drug group for the treatment of acute/chronic mild to moderate symptoms associated with colds, injuries, inflammation
• ASPIRIN, IBUPROFEN, MOTRIN, ALEVE, NAPROXEN ….
• Opposite to prescription drugs like Steroids (PREDNISONE) or Opiates: (VICADINE, OXYCONTIN)
![Page 8: Medical Chemistry Pharmacology I. Discovery, Metabolism, and Industrial Applications of ASPIRIN.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649dc45503460f94ab750a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Aspirin History• 1853 Charles Frédéric Gerhardt publishes the chemical
synthesis of Acetyl Salicylic Acid• 1897 Scientists at the German chemical company
BAYER conduct clinical investigations on ASA• 1899 BAYER obtains brand, patent and trademark
rights for ASA under the name ASPIRIN• 1918 main drug to combat the ‘Spanish Flue’
pandemic–some deaths are attributed to Aspirin overdosing
• 1919 BAYER lost rights in the WWI reparation in Versailles
• 1950’s decline of ASPIRIN in the wake of better NSAIDS: IBUPROFEN
![Page 9: Medical Chemistry Pharmacology I. Discovery, Metabolism, and Industrial Applications of ASPIRIN.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649dc45503460f94ab750a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Salicylic Acid: Natural Precursor
• Natural substance found in the bark of the willow tree
• Analgesic, anti-pyretric, anti-inflammatory but severe gastrointestinal pain, bleeding
![Page 10: Medical Chemistry Pharmacology I. Discovery, Metabolism, and Industrial Applications of ASPIRIN.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649dc45503460f94ab750a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
ASPIRIN Synthesis:Acetylating Salicylic Acid
Salicylic Acid + • Acetic Anhydride →
Acetyl Salicylic Acid + Acetic Acid (vinegar)
![Page 11: Medical Chemistry Pharmacology I. Discovery, Metabolism, and Industrial Applications of ASPIRIN.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649dc45503460f94ab750a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Cyclo-Oxygenases -COX
• Enzymes that synthesize Prostaglandins
• Prostaglandins: lipids that induce immune response to infection/injury: fever, increased blood flow (swelling) reduced blood clotting, white blood cell infiltration
• NSAIDS temporarily decrease COX activity
![Page 13: Medical Chemistry Pharmacology I. Discovery, Metabolism, and Industrial Applications of ASPIRIN.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649dc45503460f94ab750a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
NSAIDS reduce COX Enzyme Acitivity
NSAID (Aspirin) Fever COX Pain
Arachidonic Acid Prostaglandin Swelling
Inflammation
![Page 14: Medical Chemistry Pharmacology I. Discovery, Metabolism, and Industrial Applications of ASPIRIN.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649dc45503460f94ab750a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Headquarters: Leverkusen- GermanyPublicly traded company: ticker symbol BAYZFBayer stock2011: revenue -36 Billion Euros, 106 000 employees,
40 countries worldwideProduct List ‘Highlights’: Heroin, Aspirin, Alka-
Seltzer, Zyklon-B, Polyurethane, Prontosil, Ciproflaxin, Levitra