Medical Biotechnology Chapter 11: Essence Perry

1. How can molecular biology techniques be used to identify genetic disease?

Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling are both molecular biology techniques that sample tissues in embryos. Adult tissues can be tested by karyotype analysis, RFLP analysis, ASO tests, and DNA microarrays.

2. What is gene therapy?The purpose of gene therapy is to deliver therapeutic genes into humans to treat diseases. Ex vivo gene therapy involves removing cells, injecting the genes into cells, and implanting them into a patient. In vivo gene therapy occurs within the body. Techniques to deliver therapeutic genes include viruses, naked DNA, targeting specific cells/tissues.

Embryonic stem cells are isolated from early embryos during the blastocyst stage of development, after they are grown in a tissue culture dish. Adult stem cells are isolated from mature adult tissue. A biopsy is performed to extract the ASC and then is grown in a culture. Stem cell treats damaged tissue, they deliver therapeutic genes and promote tissue growth.

What is the difference between ASC and ESC?

4. Compare cloning techniques. Reproductive CloningPros:● Child● Cloned HumanCons: ● Nine Months● Identical human

Therapeutic CloningPros:● Undifferentiated ● Genetically matched● Cure diseases ● No surrogate motherCons: ● Embryo needed● Need genetic match

5. Define pharmacogenomics. Pharmacogenomics is a personalized medication created by analyzing a person's genetics and creating target treatment. The healthcare industry will be greatly improved and accurate because treatment is.

The Human Genome project will reveal the location of all the human genes, including those involved in human disease. Identifying those diseases will enable scientists to develop genetic screening for the likelihood of inheriting a disease and developing specific medications for each individual.

6. Human Genome Project?

7. Current gene therapy trials.

Currently clinical trials are in progress at 187 countries, mostly about neural activity, psychiatric disorders and there are many studies completed on bones and arthritis.

8. What are HR 810 and HR3?The Stem cell Research Enhancement Act of 2005 that was rejected against by Congress, basically would allow the government to harvest embryos in fertility clinics and when they die harvest their stem cells. This is a clear example of the balance between the needs of science and the demands of conscience.

9. Gene silencing techniques.

Antisense RNA technologies and RNAi are two common gene silencing technologies that can be used to inhibit a gene involved in gene process.

10. Regenerative medicine.

Regenerative medicine involves creating cells, tissues, or organs that can repair/replace dead or damaged tissue in a person.

11. What are SNP’s?

Single nucleotide polymorphisms are single based changes in DNA sequence that are responsible for subtle genetic differences between individual humans. SNP’s can be detected as a way to identify genetic changes involved in disease.