Medic Aroma tic Pla nts sit in l, - Herbs4youth · piraca. Sug ar is produc ctivity. [8] ustry has...

Co

1234567

Capaci

omparatsit

1. Countries2. Local MA3. Cultivate4. Marketed5. Existing o6. SWOT an7. Conclusio

Herbity Building Pro

tive anauation i

s descriptionAPs species d MAPs specd MAPs specorganisationsnalyses ons

G

N

bal Initiative fooject, Ref. No.: 5

ww

alyses ofin Brazil

n

cies cies s

Eva Moré i P

roup of Med

on Wood Fo

Forest Scien

or Youth – bridg569353‐EPP‐1‐ww.herbs4youth

f Medicl, Costa

Author:

Palos, eva.m

dicinal and A

orest Product

nces Centre

ging the ocean2015‐2‐SK‐EPPh.eu

cinal and Rica an

[email protected]

Aromatic Plan

ts Departme

of Catalonia

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

d Aromand Jama

t

nts

nt

ALA

atic Plaaica

nts

1._Co

1.1._

As thimpostablepovedivergoverpolicy

On tinfraseduca

The athe sp

AlagoRegio(E). ItMace

Capaci

ountries des

_Brazil [6,7,8

e eighth largrtant role ie, with growrty and ecsification srnment is tryy while also

the investmstructure, eation and re

area of interpecifities of

oas is one ofon. It bordert occupies aeió.


cription

]

gest economn the internwing domestconomic inestrategy anying to maincontaining th

ment side, Bnergy, aerosearch.

rvention of ta smaller are

f the 27 statrs: Pernambun area of 27


ww

my in the wornational comtic consumpequalities red dependetain a sustaihe risk of inf

Brazil is prnautics, and

this analysisea.

tes of Braziluco (N and N7,767 km², be


rld and bothmmunity. Thtion and invemain. Alsoence on coinable growtflation.

romoting pad other tec

is focused i

and is situaNW); Sergipeing slightly


a G20 and Bhe country’svestment. No, key tradeommodity‐bth rate and s

articularly ochnology‐inte

n the Alagoa

ated in the ee (S); Bahialarger than

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

BRICs memb macroeconevertheless, e issues suased exporstrengthen th

on investmeensive secto

as state, in o

eastern part (SW); and thHaiti. Its ca

ALA

ber, Brazil planomic situat issues relatuch as its rts remain.he country’s

ents in tranors as well

order to adj

t of the Northe Atlantic Opital is the c

ays an tion is ted to trade The s fiscal

nsport as in

ust to

theast Ocean city of

1.1.1

Total p

PopulaFemalPopulaUrbanPopulapowerRankinHealth

Educat

Incom

InequaGende

Note:

Capaci

. People

population (gro

ation density (pe population ation below 15n population ation living belr parity (PPP) ng in the Humah

tion

me level

ality er

Sou

The Human Dedevelopme(http://hdr

Figure 1. H


T

owth rates per

people per sq.

5 years of age

ow $1.25 a day

an Developmen

rce: United Nat

evelopment Indent) to 1 (highesr.undp.org) prov

Human deve


ww

Table 1. Braz

annum)

km of land are

y at purchasing

nt Index (HDI)

tions Developm

ex measures thst level of devevides a detailed

elopment co


zil demograp

191,76during

ea) 23 in 250.7%24.6%83.7%

g 6.0% i

85 outLife exunderEduca(rank)GNI peinternInequGende

ment Programm

he overall deveelopment). The d explanation. I

mparison of


phic feature

65,567 in 2012 g 2008‐2012 2012 % in 2012 % in 2008 ; 26.4%% in 2012 in 2012

t of 186 in 2012xpectancy at bir‐5 (per thousantion index ‐ exp ( 112 out of 19er capita in PPPnational $) (10,0ality‐adjusted Her inequality ind

me Human Deve

lopment of a naUnited NationsITC Regional gro

f Brazil with

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

es

with growth ra

% in 2012

2 rth (years) (73)nd live births) (1pected and mea91) in 2012 P terms (consta097) in 2012 HDI (rank) (70 odex (rank) (64 o

elopment Indica

ation and ranges Development oup refers to IT

surrounding

ALA

ates of 0.9% p.a

; Mortality rate14.4) in 2012 an years of sch

ant 2005

out of 191)in 20out of 191) in 2

ators

es from 0 (low Programme TC definition

g countries

a

e,

ooling

012 012

level of

As peAlago

1.1.2

Secto

AgricuIndustManuServicSourceGDP U

Capaci

er the IBGE oas. More th

. Economy

Tabl

r added value

ulture try facturing ces e: World Bank WUS$, and "6,976


census of 2an 65% of th

le 2. Added v

3World Develop6 to be read 6'97


ww

2007, there he state’s po

value per sec

2004 US $

39,383 171,545 109,478 358,733 ment Indicator76"


were aboutopulation is c

ctor (current

%G6

3019

rs (WDI). Note:


t 3,057,000 oncentrated

t US$ and %

GDP 6.9 0.1 9.2 63 Added value is

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

people livind in the urban

of GDP) in B

2008US $

83,223 392,627 233,979 931,335

US$ terms are

ALA

ng in the stan area.[8]

Brazil

8

expressed in m

ate of

%GDP 5.9

27.9 16.6 66.2

million,

Sou

Sou

Figur

AlagosectoAgricchem

The esomethe balcoh

Capaci

urce: World Ban

urce: World Ban

re 3 . Aid Dep

oas is one ofor is the largulture repre

micals 9%, tob

economy hae tobacco fabasis for an hol on board


nk World Develo

Figure 2. Ev

nk World Develo

pendency (O

f the pooresgest componesents 7.3%,bacco 2.1% (

as been agrirming that ialcohol indud in Maceio's


ww

opment Indicat

volution of G

opment Indicat

Official Deve

st states of ent of GDP, of GDP (2(2002) [7,8].

cultural, deps concentratustry that is s port with c


tors (WDI). Not

GDP per capi

tors (WDI). Not

elopment Ass

Brazil and itat 55.8%, fo

2004). AlagoShare of the

pendent largted around in decline. considerable


te: ITC calculatio

ita (constan

te: ITC calculatio

sistance/Gro

ts HDI is theollowed by tas exports: e Brazilian ec

gely on largthe city of ASmall to mee frequency

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

ons based on th

t 2005 US$)

ons based on th

oss National

e country's whe industriasugar 58.8%conomy: 0.7%

e sugarcaneArapiraca. Suedium‐sized during the p

ALA

he World Bank

he World Bank

l Income) of B

worst. The sl sector at 3%, alcohol 2% (2004). [7]

e plantationsugar cane fotanker shipspeak period.

WDI

WDI

Brazil

ervice 36.9%. 29.4%, ]

s with ormed s took . Such

loadsfrom

Over The smainprodua plen

In thchanghigh‐beginsouthprope

The tplantis parMara

Impo

Brazi

The mproce

On thtrans

Capaci

s still take plabrine pump

the years, thstate has a ly concentraucing sugar anty of scope

e last twentged from a rise hotels. Tnning to see h and from erty north of

tourism indutation have brticularly proagogi. [8]

orts/Exports:

l has an equa

most exporteessed food (r

he other hansport (Figure


ace with lessed from dee

he economylarge sugarcated in the and alcohol.for increasin

ty years therather sleepThe northernsome of thiEurope. Thef Maceió wit

stry in Alagobeen major fominent in t

aled balance

ed products araw sugar, ca

nd, main exp8).


ww

s frequency. ep wells on th

of Alagoas hcane plantatcity of AraThough sugng the produ

e tourist indpy little portn coast, partis developmeere is considh walled com

oas is also onfactors for puhe coastal re

e of the inter

are mineralsane) (Figure

ported servic


Another loche outskirts

has been largtion and muapiraca. Suggar is producuctivity. [8]

dustry has fot with coconicularly arouent in the foderable Eurompounds of

n the rise. Thulling in largegion of nor

rnational trad

s (mainly iron5).

ces were oth


cal industry iof Maceió. [

gely dependuch tobacco arcane is grced on a larg

ound the benut palm plaund the townorm of resoropean invesbeach home

e beautiful be number ofrth Alagoas,

de (Figure 4)

n ores), fresh

her business

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

s based on c7]

ent on the afarming. Torown extense scale in th

eaches and ntations alons Maragogi rts attractingtment (as oes. [7]

beaches and f tourists in tin towns lik

).

h food (soya

services, an

ALA

chemical pro

agricultural sobacco farmsively, mainhe state, it st

Maceió itseong its beachand Japaratig people froof 2007) in

the coconutthe state. Toe Japarating

beans) and

nd less: trave

oducts

ector. ming is ly for till has

elf has hes to inga is m the beach

t palm ourism ga and

el and

Figu

Capaci

Figu

ure 6. Growth


ure 4. Evolut

Fi

h of nationa


ww

Source: ITC b

tion of the to

Source: ITC b

gure 5. Main

Source: ITC b

al supply andBor Youth – bridg569353‐EPP‐1‐ww.herbs4youth

by country Rep

otal import a

by country Rep

n exported g

by country Rep

d internationBrazil in 201


port. Brazil [6]

and export of

port. Brazil [6]

goods by Bra

port. Brazil [6]

nal demand f5

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

of goods of B

azil

for the prod

ALA

Brazil

ducts exporte

ed by

In 20tea, mPiperSpainThe im

This g6).

Abouprimadriedfrom 14.89

Capaci

15, Brazil exmate and spr and Capsicn, and mate_mports had a

group of pro

ut the Produarily in perfud, whether oBrazil to th

94 US Dollar


xported to thices (92% coum with 349_Ilex paragua value of 10

oducts is amo

uct: 1211 Plumery, medicor not cut, che world (mathousand.


ww

he world 6.0offee, while t9.875 US Douarensis_ wit08.624 US Do

ong the expo

ants and pacaments or frushed or painly to Ger


046.077 US Dthe most comollar thousanth 101.508 ollar thousan

orted ones w

arts of plantfor insecticidpowdered, 1many, USA


Dollar thousammercializednd, mainly tUS Dollar thnd.

within the los

ts, incl. seeddal, fungicida1.739 US Doand France)

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

and of the Prd spices wereo USA, Germhousand, ma

sers in growi

ds and fruitsal or similar pollar thousan. The impor

ALA

roduct: 09 Ce peppers, gmany, Francainly to Urug

ing sectors (F

s, of a kindpurposes, frend were exprts had a va

offee, genera e and guay).

Figure

used esh or ported lue of

Figu

Trade

2011

Capaci

ure 7. Main M

e and develo

Plano Agrico


Sources

Medicinal an

Figure

oping strateg

ola e Pecuár


ww

s: ITC calculatio

nd Aromatic

Source: ITC b

e 8. Main ser

gies:

rio 2011‐2012


ons based on UN

Plants produ

by country Rep

rvices export

2


N COMTRADE s

ucts market

port. Brazil [6]

ts by Brazil i

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

statistics.

for Brazilian

n 2015

ALA

n exports in

2015

The ppracttheir accessecto

2010

The pIt foentreinternspeciinvesmediwell‐

SECTOCereaFootwInformSuppIndus

2008

The deconoin theincrethe n

2006

The Nmain cultujobs compattrac

2005

The Uassistreduc

Capaci

plan aims to tices, expandproducts. It

ss to financeor specific iss

Brasil Maior

plan Brasil Mocuses on epreneurial nationalizatific productivstment, innoum enterpribeing, labor

OR: Aircraftals, Chemicawear, Fruit Jmation Comly, Oil and Gstry, Toy Indu

Estratégia b

document pomy and it oe national prase competiumber of ex

National To

National Tougoals: 1) dral and natuand incomepetitiveness ct foreign ex

UNDAF Braz

United Natiotance to Bracing inequal


increase agrding the surft outlines ste, product msues. SECTOR

r

Maior aims tostrengthenskills, im

on, developve sectors, aovation, techises competiconditions a

and Spacecals, Coffee, CJuices, Fruitsmunication Gas Supply, ustry, Trade

brasileira de

rovides a dioutlines a strroductive deitiveness of xporters; 4) i

ourism Plan

urism Plan fraevelop highural diversitye and by mof Brazilian

xchange to th

zil 2007‐2011

ons Developmazil in alignmlity. Main o


ww

riculture proface of cultivtrategic actimarketing, ruR: Agro‐Energ

o foster innoning produmprove enep competencand it deals hnical and voitiveness, spand relations

craft IndustrConstructions, Furniture,Technology,Pharmaceutand Logistic

exportação

agnostic anarategy aiminevelopment pBrazilian expncrease acce

ames the na‐quality Bray; 2) promotmaking it a n tourist prohe country.

1

ment Assistament with tbjectives ar


oduction andvated land aions dealingural risk mangy, Cocoa, C

ovation and cuction procergy suppces for sustwith cross‐cocational traecial initiativs.

ry, Automotn Materials, , Garment In Meat, Medicals, Plastic Services, W

alysis of theng to increaspolicy. The sporters; 2) iess to foreign

tional visionzilian touristte tourism aconsumptiooducts on n

ance Framewthe Millennie: 1) promo


encouragingnd assisting g both with nagement, ioffee, Forest

competitivencesses, devly, diversiftainable devcutting issueaining, sustaves for regio

tive IndustryCosmetics,

ndustry, Indical Equippe Industry, Pine.

e current expe exports anstrategy envincrease expn markets; 5

for tourismt products, along with son item for national and

work (UNDAum Developoting equal

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

g environmeproducers incross‐cuttinnfrastructuretry, Fruits, Li

ness in the Bveloping tefy exports velopment. s such as intainable prodonal develop

y, BioethanoDefense Industrial and Bment, Metalulp and Pap

port performnd meet the isages five morts added‐v) increase ex

developmentaking into ocial inclusioall Brazilian

d internation

F) frames thpment Goalsaccess to p

ALA

entally sustan commerciag issues (sues) and withivestock

Brazilian econechnological and incThe plan taternational duction, smapment, custo

ol, Capital Gdustry, FertiBusiness Serllurgy, Oil anper, Pulses, T

mance of Bratargets cont

main objectivvalue; 3) incxports of ser

nt, pursuing account regon, by genens; 3) fostenal markets

he United Nas and focusipublic servic

inable alizing uch as h sub‐

nomy. and

crease argets trade, ll and omers’

Goods, ilizers, rvices, nd Gas Textile

azilian tained ves: 1) crease vices.

three gional, rating er the s, and

ations ng on es; 2)

ensurtransdevel

1.2._

Costacontiagricuincomglobaand eper c

Costaa Grodecadone ocapitaAmerday, abouand p

CostaequatPacifieast. from and i

1.2.1

Total p


Educat

Incom

Capaci

ring gendersparent polilopment.

_Costa Rica

a Rica is onnues to benultural expome, Costa Rial high‐tech ecotourism. apita in Latin

a Rica has a poss National des and throof the morea income hrica as a whocompared tot 20% less vopolitical lead

a Rica is a titor. The naric Ocean shoIt is one of t1 500 millimn the mount

_People

population (gro


tion

me level


r and race cies and h

ne of the mefit from ecrts of bananca’s economcorporationCosta Rica hn America. [1

population oIncome (GNough its partie stable andas grown atole and onlyo a poverty olatile than ter in Latin A

iny Central Arrow territoore located the world’s mmetres in notains [11].

Tab

owth rates per

people per sq.

5 years of age

ow $1.25 a day

an Developmen


ww

equity; 3) uman right

most politicaonomic growas, coffee, s

my has been s, pharmaceas attracted1]

of about 4.8 mI) per capita icipation in Gd faster growt an averagabout 10% rate of abothe rest of thmerica. [2]

American cory is mountto the westmost biodiveorth‐western

ble 3. Costa

annum)

km of land are

y at purchasing

nt Index (HDI)


reducing vs; and 5)

ally stable cwth and highsugar and bebroadened euticals, fina one of the h

million, a GDof US$ 13,07GVCs in goodwing economge of 1.2% sof the countout 25% acrohe region. Co

ountry (51 03tainous, witht and the Caerse locationsn areas to 5

Rica demog

4,532,2008‐

ea) 89 in 249.2%23.9%63.2%

g 2.4% i

62 outLife exunderEduca(rank)GNI pe


vulnerability supporting

countries in h commodityeef continue in recent yencial outsouhighest level

DP of around70 in the samds and servicmies in Latinsince 1980, try’s populatoss the regioosta Rica is c

32 km2) thah bare 300 aribbean beas because of000 mm in

graphic featu

,711 in 2012 wi2012 2012 % in 2012 % in 2008 ; 26.0%% in 2012 in 2012

t of 186 in 2012xpectancy at bir‐5 (per thousantion index ‐ exp (88 out of 191er capita in PPP

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

to violencmore susta

Latin Amery prices. Whto be an imars through urcing, softws of foreign

US$ 45.10 bme year. Dures, Costa Ricn America. Tcompared ttion lives on on. Moreoveconsidered t

at lies about km from coaches and lof the heavy rasouthern Ca

ures

th growth rate

% in 2012

2 rth (years) (79)nd live births) (9pected and mea) in 2012 P terms (consta

ALA

ce; 4) promainable eco

rica. Its ecohile the tradimportant soua combinat

ware developdirect invest

billion in 201ring the past ca has emergThe countryto 0.8% for less than USer, its econoto be an econ

t 10º north ooast to coasowlands spreainfall that raribbean low

es of 1.5% p.a d


ant 2005

moting nomic

onomy itional rce of ion of pment tment

12 and three ged as ’s per Latin

S$ 2 a omy is nomic

of the st, the eading ranges wlands

uring

e,

ooling

InequaGende

Note:

1.2.2

Secto

AgricuIndustManuServic SourceGDP U

Capaci

ality er

Sou

The Human Dedevelopme(http://hdr

Figure 9. H

. Economy

Table 4

r added value

ulture try facturing ces

e: World Bank WUS$, and "6,976


rce: United Nat

evelopment Indent) to 1 (highesr.undp.org) prov

Human deve

4. Added val

World Develop6 to be read 6'97


ww

tions Developm

ex measures thst level of devevides a detailed

elopment co

lue per secto

2004 US $

1,452 4,971 3,661

10,413

ment Indicator76"


internInequGende

ment Programm

he overall deveelopment). The d explanation. I

mparison of

or (current U

%G8

292161

rs (WDI). Note:


national $) (10,8ality‐adjusted Her inequality ind

me Human Deve

lopment of a naUnited NationsITC Regional gro

f Brazil with

US$ and % of

GDP 8.69.5 1.7 1.8

Added value is

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

842) in 2012 HDI (rank) (54 odex (rank) (87 o

elopment Indica

ation and ranges Development oup refers to IT

surrounding

f GDP) in Cos

2008US $

1,9237,654 5,419

17,108

US$ terms are

ALA


ators

es from 0 (low Programme TC definition

g countries

sta Rica

8

expressed in m

012 012

level of

%GDP 7.2

28.7 20.3 64.1

million,

Source

Capaci

e: World Bank W

Figure


World Develop

e 10. Evolutio


ww

ment Indicator

on of GDP pe


rs (WDI). Note:

er capita (co


ITC calculations

onstant 2005

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

s based on the

5 US$) in Cos

ALA

World Bank W

sta Rica

DI

Source

Figur

Impo

Costaproduexpoother

Capaci

e: World Bank W

re 11. Aid De

orts/Exports

a Rica has a nucts are fresrted servicesr business se


World Develop

ependency (ORi

negative balah food (mains were traveervices (Figur


ww

ment Indicator

Official Deveica in relatio

ance of the inly bananas)l; telecommure 16).

Source: ITC by


rs (WDI). Note:

elopment Asson to surroun

nternational and electrounication, co

country Repor


ITC calculations

sistance/Gronding countr

l trade (Figurnic componeomputer and

t. Costa Rica [1

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

s based on the

oss Nationalries

re 12). The ments (Figure d information

]

ALA

World Bank W

l Income) of

most exporte13). The main services; an

DI

Costa

ed in nd

Figur

In 20Coffe

Capaci

Figure

re 14. Growt

015, Costa Ree, tea, mat


12. Evolutio

Figur

th of nationa

Rica exportete and spice


ww

on of the tota

Source: ITC by

re 13. Main e

Source: ITC by

al supply andCos

d to the woes (98,6% c


al import an

country Repor

exported go

country Repor

d internationsta Rica in 2

orld 313.924coffee, while


d export of g

t. Costa Rica [1

ods by Costa

t. Costa Rica [1

nal demand 015

4 US Dollar e the most

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

goods of Cos

]

a Rica

]

for the prod

thousand ofcommercial

ALA

sta Rica

ducts export

f the Produlized spices

ted by

ct: 09 were

peppand G

This g

Abouprimadriedfrom value

Capaci

ers, genera Guatemala).

group of pro

ut the Produarily in perfud, whether oCosta Rica t

e of 2.195 US


Piper and CThe imports

ducts is amo

uct: 1211 Plumery, medicor not cut, cto the worldS Dollar thou


ww

Capsicum wits had a value

ong the expo

ants and pacaments or fcrushed or pd (mainly to Csand.


th 1.593 US e of 26.733 U

orted ones w

arts of plantfor insecticidpowdered, 2China, UK, G


Dollar thouUS Dollar tho

within the loo

ts, incl. seeddal, fungicida2.377 US DoGermany and

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

sand, mainlyusand.

osers in grow

ds and fruitsal or similar pollar thousand Panama). T

ALA

y to Mexico

wing sectors.

s, of a kindpurposes, frend were expThe imports

o, USA

used esh or ported had a

Sourcecalcula

Trade

The gold pto attbusinthe cand e

Until (mainand fmadeof itsgoverdepe1960

In theaccesaccouprogr

Capaci

es: ITC calculatations based on

Figure

e and develo

growth of gloolicies of protract offshorness and proonclusion ofeducation th

the early 19nly coffee, sufiscal revenue the economs territory, rnment therndence on ‐1980, makin

e late 1980s,ssion to the unting for oressively shif


ions based on n UN COMTRAD

e 15. Main M

Figure 16

oping strateg

obal value chotectionism re manufactuo‐investor pof trade agreeeir labour fo

960s, Costa ugar and banues. The conmy vulnerabimposed a

refore starteprimary prong the count

, Costa Rica lWTO and tover 80% oft its export m


ww

PROCOMER anDE statistics unt

MAPs produc

6. Main servi

gies:

hains (GVCs)and a primauring jobs anolicies, liberaements, partorce requires

Rica’s econonanas), whichncentration ole to externa binding coed a state‐leoducts, whictry one of the

launched a tthe ratificatioof the counmix from rel


nd Banco Centrtil January, 201

cts market fo

ices exports

has promptery focus on and foreign dalizing theirticularly prefs.

omy was heah was cruciaon a limitedal price and onstraint oned industrialih provoked e fastest gro

rade and invon of more ntry’s tradeiance on prim


ral de Costa Ric4.

or Costa Rica

by Costa Ric

ed many emagricultural pirect investmeconomies ferential one

avily dependl in terms of d set of primdemand shon the countization progan average

owing econom

vestment libethan ten pr. This procmary produc

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

ca statistics sinc

an exports in

ca in 2015

erging econoproduction. Iment (FDI) aneither unilats and procur

ent on the aoutput, emp

mary agricultocks and, duetry’s growthramme aime growth spumies [2].

eralization preferential tess allowedcts towards e

ALA

ce January, 20

n 2015

omies to abaInstead, theynd embracedterally or thring the new

agricultural sployment, extural commoe to the smah prospectsed at reduciurt in GDP

process throurade agreemd the countever higher s

14. ITC

andon y seek d pro‐rough w skills

sector xports odities all size s. The ing its of 6%

ugh its ments, try to shares

of higand manu

Costaand Gonzlong‐(iii) bregiologist

The cenhavalueclimaprogroperahave high t

Existi

2011

The Costadeveobjec

2011

The pto faagric

2010

The Ncultufocuspeacefocus

2010

Capaci

gh‐tech manthe attractufacturer in t

a Rica’s memFDI attractioález, there wterm strategbuilding a stnal free tradtical and sup

country has tnce other coe segment, sate and roburessively moating in morfostered inctech manufa

ing strategie

Plan Nacion

plan provida Rica and elopment. Hctives and p

Programa N

program ouace climateculture. Sect

Plan Nacion

National Deral situationses on four me; 3) environses on the ac

Programa N


nufacturing ation of signthe region [2

mbership in on. Accordinwere five kegic vision on trong exportde agreemeply managem

the further aonditions cosuch as a stust commerore selectivre knowledgecipient induacturing.

s [1]:

nal de Ciencia

des an overit outlines Hence, it ideplans of act

Nacional de B

utlines a stre change, tor: Higueri

nal de Desarr

velopment Pn in Costa Rmain axis, nnment and lochievement o

Nacional de B


ww

and services,nificant FDI,2].

GVCs is ancng to the foey determinahow to attrat platform, nts; (iv) proment, includ

advantage oonducive to table economcial law andve approache‐intensive sstrial cluster

a, Tecnologia

rview of ththe reasonentifies prioion.

Biocombustib

ategy for thensure fuella.

rollo 2011‐20

Plan provideRica, and it iamely: 1) soocal governaof the MDGs

Biocombustib


through the, notably b

chored in its ormer Foreigants to her cact FDI; (ii) cincluding W

oducing an eing investme

of a good geothe developmic, politicald contract rh towards sectors or inrs in offshor

a e Innovacio

e current ss for investority areas

bles (Executi

he developmel supply t

014

es an overviidentifies itsocial wellbeiance; 4) coms and on pub

bles (Executi


e establishmby Intel, th

commitmengn Trade Mcountry’s sucreation of a WTO agreemeducated woents in infras

ographical loment of GVCl and social regimes. TheFDI attractinovation‐ricre business s

on 2011‐201

situation of ting in innnand it prov

ive Summary

ment of bioto the cou

iew of the cs vision of Cng and fami

mpetitivenesslic investme

ive Summary

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

ent of Free Te United S

nt to foreigninister of Coccess in GVCsound businents and otork force; anstructure [2]

ocation. It haCs irrespectienvironmene governmenon, focusinh activities. services, me

4

science anovation andvides for pr

y)

fuels in Cosuntry and

current econCosta Rica inly; 2) public s and innovatnts.

y)

ALA

Trade ZonesStates micro

n trade expaosta Rica, ACs: (i) designness environther bilaterand (v) focusi.

as worked haive of the spnt, an FDI‐frnt has adopg on compThese two tedical device

nd technolod human carecise strate

sta Rica, in reactivate

nomic, socian 2014. Henc safety and tion. Moreo

s (FTZ) o‐chip

ansion Anabel n of a ment; al and ng on

ard to pecific iendly pted a panies trends es and

ogy in apital egies,

order local

al and nce, it social ver, it

The pclimatemp

2009

The pclimasugar

2008

The Nachieguaranutritbasic

2008

The pclimaoil

2007

The UPlan equitsusta

Trade

http:/880

Organ

CámaNacioProduExporde PlaOrnam

Capaci

program outate change, pate

Programa N

program outate change, r cane.

Plan Nacion

National Fooeving three mantee accesstional securi food prices.

Programa N

program outate change, e

7 UNDAF Cost

UNDAF is alli2006‐2010 atable develoainability; 5) s

e contacts

//www.intra

nisms relate

ra onal de uctores y rtadores antas mentales

ApPo1210


lines a strateensure fuel

Nacional de B

lines a strateensure fuel

nal de Alimen

od Plan is inmain objects to food foity; 3) avoid . Sector: Bea

Nacional de B

lines a strateensure fuel s

ta Rica 2008

gned with thand it focuseopment; 2) socio‐cultura

acen.org/layo

d to agricult

pdo. ostal 2078‐000

San José

5059


ww

egy for the dsupply to t

Biocombustib

egy for the dsupply to t

ntos

nspired to thives: 1) ensuor the mostrising levelsns, Rice, Wh

Biocombustib

egy for the dupply to the

8‐2012

he Millenniues on five mapublic polial practices.

outs/Country

ural product

06 280 9 28

506 253 62


developmentthe country

bles (Executi

developmentthe country

he principlesuring the nat vulnerables of povertyhite Corn.

bles (Executi

developmente country and

um Developmain areas of cy; 3) citize

yTemplate.a

tion:

224 2

cplants@


t of biofuels and reactiv

ive Summary

t of biofuels and reactiv

s of solidaritational supp groups, th as a conseg

ive Summary

t of biofuels d reactivate

ment Goals acooperationens' particip

aspx?pageid=

@racsa.co.cr ht

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

in Costa Ricavate local ag

y)

in Costa Ricavate local ag

y and integrply of basic fus improvinguence of in

y)

in Costa Ricalocal agricult

nd the Natio: 1) Inclusivepation; 4) e

=4724464503

ttp://www.or

ALA

a, in order togriculture. S

a, in order togriculture. S

rality, and itfood producng their foodncreasing lev

a, in order toture. Sector:

onal Develope, sustainablenvironment

34&id=4724

rnamentalplan

o face ector:

o face ector:

t aims cts; 2) d and vels of

o face : Palm

pment le and t and

4651

nts.net

CámaNacioAgricuAgroinde Co

1.3._

Jamathe Chigh econThe mana

1.3.1

Total p


Educat

IncomInequaGende

Capaci

ra onal de ultura y ndustria osta Rica

30meSu50meEst

_Jamaica

aica's econoCaribbean rlevels of p

nomy is progcountry hagement in

1. People

population (gro


tion

me level ality er


00 etros r y 0 etros te de

San Jose

+522

omy relies oregion, it wpublic debtgressively rhas a narfrastructure

Ta

owth rates per

people per sq.

5 years of age

ow $1.25 a day

an Developmen


ww

506 258245

+506 28009

on aluminawas severely. The islanrecovering, rrow produe, especially

able 5. Jama

annum)

km of land are

y at purchasing

nt Index (HDI)


969cnaacr@r

a, tourism ay affected bd suffered supported uction basy in the agr

aica demogr

2,687,2008‐

ea) 248 in50.8%27.8%52.0%

g NA

85 outLife exunderEduca(rank)NA InequGende


racsa.co.cr ht

and remittaby the globa recessioby higher dse and ani‐ processin

aphic featur

,200 in 2012 wi2012 n 2012 % in 2012 % in 2008 ; 30.0%% in 2012

t of 186 in 2012xpectancy at bir‐5 (per thousantion index ‐ exp ( 61 out of 191

ality‐adjusted Her inequality ind

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

ttp://www.cn

ances. As mal financialn from 200demand of in underdevng sector.

res

th growth rate

% in 2012

2 rth (years) (73)nd live births) (1pected and mea1) in 2012

HDI (rank) (56 odex (rank) (62 o

ALA

naacr.com/

most countr crisis and 08 to 2010its commodveloped q

es of 0.2% p.a d



ies in faces

0. The dities. uality

uring

e,

ooling

012 012

Capaci

Figure 17. H


Human deve


ww

Source: ITC by

lopment com


y country Repo

mparison of


ort. Jamaica [3]

Jamaica wit

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

th surroundin

ALA

ing countries

s

In 20of JaTherthe s

Agricthe apprholdi

1.3.2

Secto

AgricuIndustManuServic SourceGDP U

Jamaacco28 biand poorchall

Thesmatelinkareseaand i

In Jadeve

Agricprodnon‐

The intercoun

Capaci

009 Jamaicaamaican pee is a direcsustainabilit

culture remfoundationoximately 2ings.

2. Economy

Table

r added value

ulture try facturing ces

e: World Bank WUS$, and "6,976

aica’s agricuunted for million Jamaiis a source r. Jamaica isenges facin

e challengerial, fragmges, lack oarch and deinternation

maica, agricelopment af

culture in Jucing maintraditional

vast majorrior. The ‘smntry’s larges


a’s unemploople were ct link betwty of rural li

mains vital wn of tradi200,000 sm

e 6. Added va

World Develop6 to be read 6'97

ultural sectomarginally ocan dollarsof income s no exceptng the agricu

ges includemented prodof consistenevelopmental markets

culture andffecting mo

amaica cannly for (tradexports and

rity of Jammall farm’ sest source o


ww

oyment ratliving below

ween agricuvelihoods.

with regardtional rura

mall‐scale fa

alue per sect

2004 US $ 507

2,263 835

6,106

ment Indicator76"

or is an impover 5.4% o. The sectorfor a large tion amongultural secto

e land tenduction andncy in prodt policies an(often again

d agro‐procere than 80%

n be divideditional) expd local dem

aica’s farmector suppoof employm


e was on aw the Jamalture and t

d to nationaal life. Tharmers occu

tor (current U

%G5

259

68

rs (WDI). Note:

portant conof GDP contr employs asegment og the Caribbor developm

ure, irrigatd supply baduction annd overall lanst subsidiz

essing also % of the pop

d into twoport and smand.

mers exist oorts an estimment. Arabl


verage appaica Bureauhe improve

al food andhe last agupying som

US$ and % o

GDP 5.7 5.5 9.4 8.8

Added value is

ntributor totribution inapproximatf the populbean countment.

tion, availaase, Inefficind post harack of compzed product

represent apulation in a

principal gmall‐scale f

on relativelmated 150,0e land incr

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

proximately u of Statistement of th

d nutritionaricultural

me 77% of a

of GDP) of Ja

2008US $ 671

2,691 1,098 8,525

US$ terms are

the nation 2009 repreely 20% of ation, partiries in relat

ability of qent marketrvest handpetitivenesss and cheap

a major cona direct or i

groups: largfarmers wh

ly small far000 rural fareased from

ALA

y 11.4% andics povertyhe economy

al security acensus shagricultural

amaica

8

expressed in m

nal economyesenting arthe labour icularly thetion to the

quality plating and mling, insuffs in the domp imports).

ntributor tondirect ma

ge‐scale farho supply m

rms in theamilies and m 1979 to

d 19% y line. y and

and is owed l land

%GDP 5.6

22.6 9.2

71.7

million,

y and round force rural main

anting market icient mestic

rural nner.

rmers mostly

e hilly is the 2004

fromincre

Smalpercevege

Largeabouto a l

Inter

Jama

The m(mainprepa

The m

Capaci

m 135,000 heased (24‐25

ll farmers, tent of theetables.

e‐scale farmut 39 percenlesser exten

Figure 18.

rnational tra

ica has a har

most exportenly rhum andaration), che

main exporte


ha to 174,5,000 ha).

those with e farming

ms account nt of farm lant, citrus an

Aid DependJ

ade

rd negative b

ed products ad tafia), whileemicals (med

ed services a


ww

000 ha. Ov

farms of fcommunity

for less thands prodund cocoa for

dency (OfficiaJamaica in re

balance of th

are mineralse the most imdicaments) an

re travel and


ver the sam

ive acres (2y and prod

han one perucing mainlyr the export

al Developmelation to su

he internatio

s (mainly alumported prond diverse p

d transport (


me period,

2.02 ha) anduce mainl

rcent of they sugar, bant market.

ment Assistanurrounding co

onal trade (Fi

minium oxidoducts are mrepared food

Figure 24).

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

the area

nd less, cony root cro

e total numnanas, coffe

nce/Gross Naountries

gure 19).

e) and proceinerals (petrd (Figure 20)

ALA

irrigated h

nstitute somops, pulses

mber but ocee, pimento

ational Inco

essed foods roleum oils a).

hardly

me 78 s and

ccupy o and,

me) o

and

Capaci

Figure


e 19. Evoluti

Figu


ww

Source: ITC by

ion of the tot

Source: ITC by

ure 20. Main


y country Repo

tal import an

y country Repo

n exported go


ort. Jamaica [3]

nd export of

ort. Jamaica [3]

oods by Jam

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

f goods of Ja

maica

ALA

amaica

Figur

The tsectogrow

Condspice

Otheand c

Capaci

re 21. Growt

trade produors, while twing sectors

diments andes with expo

er products cordials, an


th of nationa

ucts 09‐Coffthe producs.

d seasoningort potentia

elaboratedd vermouth


ww

Source: ITC by

al supply andJa

fee, tea, macts 22‐Beve

gs, as well aal in Jamaica

d from aromh and arom


y country Repo

d internationamaica in 20

ate and spierages, spir

as peppers (a.

matic plantsatized wine


ort. Jamaica [3]

nal demand 015

ces, are witrits and vin

(genera Pip

s that havees.

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

for the prod

thin the winnegars with

er and Caps

also poten

ALA

ducts export

nners in grohin the lose

sicum) are t

ntial are liq

ted by

owing ers in

those

ueurs

Notesrelativotherwwas ncorres

In 20tea, m2.784thousthous

Abouprimadriedfrom US Do

Capaci

: Top 20 produve to the countwise. A blank ceot consistentlyspond to averag

015, Jamaica mate and sp4 US Dollar sand, mainlysand.

ut the Produarily in perfud, whether oCosta Rica tollar thousan


cts listed in dectry’s current sitell indicates thay demanded ovge exports to th

Figure

exported topices (68.79thousand a

y to USA, Ne

uct: 1211 Plumery, medicr not cut, crto the worldnd.


ww

creasing order ouation, green iat data are not ver five years bhe world over th

Source: ITC by

e 22. Export

o the world 2% coffee, wand peppersetherlands an

ants and pacaments or frushed or pod (mainly to


of their export indicating perfoavailable. A blaby any countryhe period 2009

y country Repo

potential of

22.977 US Dwhile the mos, genera Pipnd India). Th

arts of plantfor insecticidowdered, onFrance, USA


potential to thormance aboveank cell in expoy in the respec9‐2013.

ort. Jamaica [3]

f Jamaica pro

Dollar thousaost commercper and Caphe imports h

ts, incl. seeddal, fungicidaly 663 US Do

A and UK). Th

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

e world. Develoe its trade‐weigort potential mtive region. Ex

oducts

nd of the Prcialized spicpsicum withad a value o

ds and fruitsal or similar pollar thousanhe imports h

ALA

opment indicatghted median aeans that the pxports (US$ tho

roduct: 09 Cces were teah 1.593 US of 9.631 US

s, of a kindpurposes, frend were exphad a value o

tors are and red product ousand)

offee, a with Dollar Dollar

used esh or ported of 490

Capaci

Figu


Sources

re 23. Main


ww

s: ITC calculatio

MAPs produ


ons based on UN

ucts market f


N COMTRADE s

for Jamaican

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

statistics.

n exports in

ALA

2015

Trade

2011

The SJamaand pwith t

2011

The UDeveDeveempo

2010

The sexpofocusstrateimpleinform

Capaci

e and develo

. Growth Ind

Strategy buiica's currentprogrammesthe National

. UNDAF Jam

United Natiolopment Plalopment Goowerment an

. Agriculture

strategy undrts performas on. Finally,egy objectivementation mation to al


Figure 2

oping strateg

ducement Str

ilds on the t macroecons to be carriel Developme

maica 2012 ‐

ons Developman, the Medioals for Jamnd equity; 2)

e Export Strat

derlines the ance. It sugg, it elaboratves: 1) estaof the stralow informe


ww

24. Main serv

gies

rategy

Vision 2030nomic and med out in orent Plan Nati

2016

ment Assistaium Term Somaica. It foc) safety and s

tegy

importancegests specifices an actionblish a privategy; 2) ind decision m


vices exports

0 Jamaica ‐microeconomrder to achieonal Outcom

ance Framewocio‐Economcuses on thrsecurity; and

e of food prc markets ton and impleate‐public cncrease avaimaking by pri


s by Jamaica

National Demic structureeve medium mes.

work (UNDAFmic Policy Fraree main pid 3) justice.

rocessing foro target and mentation pcoordinationilability of vate sector a

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

a in 2015

evelopment e and it outterm object

F) is aligned amework anillars: 1) env

r Jamaican doutlines straplan on the mechanism

supply and and policy m

ALA

Plan. It antlines ten potives in align

with the Nand the Millenvironment,

developmenategic produbasis of six

m to managdemand re

makers; 3) inc

alyzes olicies nment

ational nnium social

nt and ucts to main

ge the elated crease

raw mfarmemana5) incvaluecost, agron

The mSpiceprodu

123456

Accorpotenis relvalueminis

TherecustoislandAgro‐40% o

On thmain men‐

The Jestabprodu

The S

•

•

Capaci

material supers throughagement mecrease the pe adding opehigh‐qualitynomic suppo

mission of tes, Roots & Tucer and agr

1. Agricultu2. Market d3. Finance a4. Research5. Import su6. Food safe

rding to thntial and oppated to indue chain playestries).

e is also a omer and bud imports 52‐processors of the total n

he other hanbuyers– an ‐ do not prov

Jamaican agrblished familuction, packi

Strategy iden

Import sfoods (Thduring 20

Export delinkages w


pply from smh agronomicchanisms toproduction oerations to imy planting mort. SECTOR:

the JamaicanTubers [5], wro‐processor

ral and agroriven producand small and and producubstitution liety and quali

hat report, portunity waustry mistrusers (farmers

strong percuyers. The b2% of all its fcan hardly gneeds is prod

d, farmers puncoordinatvide volume,

riculture relaly businesseing, processi

ntifies two m

ubstitution he Food im008) evelopment fwith the tou


ww

mall‐scale fac services; 70% of the f processed mprove indumaterial (seedFruits, Herbs

n Agriculturewas to attain and by prov

‐processing cction, post‐hd medium agt developmenkages and eity programs

Jamaican haiting to be ust, scepticisms, marketers,

ception of laest examplefresh producget year rounduced locally

perceive therted and inde crop type/q

ated business and/or prong and mark

main market p

and developport bill acc

for current aurism and ho


armers by 14) providetargeted farfood producstry competds, seedlingss and Spices

e Sub‐Sector sustainableviding service

competitiveharvest practgri‐business ent export proms.

horticulture unlocked. Hom and lack o, extension

ack of suppe of this is tce requiremnd supply (iny).

re is no transependent netquality, timin

ss success stogressive indketing with a

priorities:

pment of docounted for

and niche proospitality ind


00% by 202 access to rming populacts by 150% titive advants) to most fas, Roots and T

r Strategy: F economic ges such as:

ness and fartices and valupromotion,

motion,

and agro‐powever the bof long‐termservices, ag

ply competethe fact thatents and soun the case o

sparent marktwork of thong planning o

tories appeadividuals wha commercia

omestic marr approxima

oducts Stakedustry, the o

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

20 by organilow‐cost f

ation and prby 2020 anage; 6) provarmers by 2Tubers, Vege

Fruits & Veggrowth by be

m to marketue addition

processing sbiggest hurdlm partnershipro‐processor

ncy and cat the tourismurces very litf hot‐peppe

ket for their usands of hior price infor

r to be eitheho have pursl bias motiva

rket for Frestely 886 US

eholders andopportunity f

ALA

izing and trfunding androcessors by d improve oide access to2015 and enetables.

getables, Heecoming a le

t linkages

suggest immle to be overp amongst ars, banks an

pability fromm industry ottle locally oers for sauce

produce andigglers and mrmation.

er corporatesued horticuated by profi

sh and procSD million d

d buyers examfor increasin

aining d risk 2015; overall o low‐hance

erbs & eading

mense rtaken all the nd the

m the on the or that s only

d their middle

e, well ultural it.

cessed dollars

mined ng the

Aftercapacpartic

•

••••

The 6

1

2

3

4

5

6

2009

The f15 na(2009macrworldNatiostructautheCreatTechnSport

2009

Capaci

variety acurrent a

r prioritising city and potcular stakeho

Fresh fruand vege

Pepper M Concentr Convenie Ackee (Bl

6 main strate

1. Establish implemen

2. Increase decision m

3. Increase and train

4. Provide atargeted

5. Increase overall va

6. Provide avegetableand enha

. Medium‐Te

framework bational outc9‐2012). It oeconomic d‐class educaonal Outcomtures; hazardentic and trtive Industrinology, Live t Services, Su

. National Ex


nd quality ond potential

target prodtential for volders have a

it and Vegettables needeMash and saurates, pastes ence Foods (flighia sapida

egy objective

a private puntation. availability making by praw materiaing farmers taccess to lowfarming popthe productalue adding oaccess to lowes, herbs & sance agronom

erm Socio‐Ec

builds on theomes there6 of them framework; ation and trames" (enablid risk reductransformatioes, Dairy PrAnimals, Nougar Industry

xport Strateg


ww

of locally prl exports.

ducts and svalue additioagreed to co

ables for doed) uces and Pulps infood preparaa) based pro

es of the Imp

ublic coordin

of supply arivate sectoral supply fromthrough agrow‐cost fundipulation and tion of procoperations tow‐cost, highspices and romic support

conomic Polic

National Dein containedas "Prioritystrong econaining; effecing businesstion and adaonal cultureroducts, Fishn‐metallic my, Tourism, V

gy of Jamaica


rocessed foo

segments acon a list ofoncentrate th

mestic consu

ncluding bevations, snackoducts (food

plementation

ation mecha

and demandr and policy mm small‐scalonomic serving and risk processors bessed food o achieve indh‐value plantoots & tuber

cy Framewor

evelopment d as being ty National nomic infrasctive governas environmeaptation to c). SECTOR: heries, Foreminerals (limeVegetables.

a


od products

ccording to f priority prhe strategy e

umption (ho

erages and iks, roots andand medicin

n plan of this

anism for the

d related infmakers e farmers byices managemenby 2015 products bydustry compting materiars to 95% of

rk

Plan ‐ Visionhe ones achOutcomes" structure; enance) and thent; internalimate changBanana, Bastry, Fruits, e, cement, w

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

and the co

market demoducts has efforts towar

tels import 5

ndustrial ing tubers) nal)

strategy are

e manageme

formation to

y 400% by 2

nt mechanis

y 150% by 2etitive advanl (seeds, seethe 220,000

n 2030 and idhievable in t(security annergy securithe remainingtional compge; effective uxite and AInformation

whiting), Pota

ALA

ompetitivene

mand, supplybeen definerds:

52% of fresh

gredients

e listed below

ent of the str

o allow info

2020 by orga

ms to 70% o

2020 and imntage edlings) for 0 farmers by

dentifies 11 the mediumnd safety; ty and efficg 5 as "Supppetitive indusocial proteAlumina, Can Communicatoes, Root C

ess of

y side ed. In

fruits

w:

rategy

ormed

nising

of the

prove

fruits, y 2015

of the m‐term stable iency; orting ustrial ection; ssava, cation Crops,

The NgrowattainweighpeneJamaperfoprioriBrandEnterAccesJewe

2009

The Ndecadjust soutlinnatiomacrinfrascomp

The S‐ NatVisionplaceput th

Undeagricuprivaotherprodu

AccorcoconAgriccrops

Curre

•

Capaci

National Expwth, improvinn these goalsht of non‐tratration in tica’s currentormance expities and croded Rhum, Brtainment Sssories, Fashlry and Acce

. Vision 2030

National Dedes: empowsociety; a pnes 15 natioonal outcomeoeconomic structure; efpetitive indus

Sector Plan ftional Develon 2030 Jamae of choice tohe Jamaican

er the Agricuultural sectote sector‐ledr sectors anuction of hig

rding to thisnut, as well ulture and Fs and herbs/s

ent R&D effo

Germplasselection


port Strategng exports s, the strategaditional secttraditional at macroeconperienced byoss‐sector issBulk Rhum, Services, Fahion, Jewelrssories, Info

0 ‐ National D

velopment erment of Japrosperous eonal outcomes 7‐12 dealframework

fficient and sstry structur

for Agricultuopment Planaica – a 21‐o live, work, people at th

lture Sector or through ad revolution,d emphaticagh‐value com

s plan, the tas cattle (bFisheries. Thspices/medi

orts are broa

sm develop, biotechnolo


ww

gy (NES) of Jperformancegy focuses otors, fosterinnd emerginnomic outlooy the countryues to be faCarbonated arm‐raised ry and Accermation Com

Developmen

Plan sets 4amaicans to economy; anes to be att with econoand an e

secure energres.

re is one of tn. It is one o‐year plan b raise familihe centre of

Plan the visa sustained, , which revitally repositiommodities an

raditional plbeef and daihe non‐traditcinal plants,

dly targeted

pment/improogy)


Jamaica hase and achieon improvingng higher valng markets. ok and outliny in recent yced. SECTOR Beverages, fish, Farm‐

essories, Fasmmunication

nt Plan

main goals achieve thend a healthytained in oromic prosperenabling bugy services;

the strategicof thirty‐one ased on a fes, and do bthe nation’s

ion is for theresearch‐or

talizes rural cons the sectnd contribute

lantation coiry) continuetional and eand swine p

to the areas

ovement (b


s three maineving globalg exports divelue addition The NES d

nes the loss iyears. FinallyR: Agro‐ProceCoffee, Edu‐raised shrishion, Jeweln Technology

for Jamaicair fullest poty natural ender to achierity and focuusiness envincreased te

c priority aresector plansfundamentalbusiness,’ antransformat

e dynamic trriented, techcommunitiestor in the ne to national

mmodities, e to remain emerging expproduction re

s of:

breeding, p

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

n goals: ach export comersification ain all sectorsepicts the n competitivy, it identifieessing Industucation and imp, Fashiory and Accey, Non‐Carbo

a to pursuetential; a secnvironment. eve these gous on achievironment; sechnology; a

as of the Viss that form tvision to md on guidingtion.

ansformatiohnological, ms, creates strational econfood securit

sugarcane, ca priority tport crops –emain on the

plant propa

ALA

hieving expompetitivenesand increasins and a deepmain featurveness and ees the main stry, Bauxite,Training Seron, Jewelryessories, Faonated Bever

e in the nexcure, cohesiv Hence, theoals. In partving a more strong econd internati

sion 2030 Jathe foundatiomake ‘Jamaicg principles

on of the Jammarket‐driverong linkagenomy to focty.

coffee, cocoto the Minis– vegetablese priority list

agation, var

ort‐led ss. To ng the pening res of export sector Beer, rvices, y and shion, rages.

xt two ve and e plan icular, stable nomic onally

maica on for ca the which

maican n and s with cus on

oa and stry of s, root .

rietals

•••

2._Lo

2.1._

Braziof thedrugsspeci

BraziSouthPantaAtlân

Sourc

Caati

Capaci

• Agronom• Plant and• Value add

ocal MAPs sp

_Brazil

l has about e world's plas. Despite oves studied is

l is divided h, which incanal, Cerradntica

ce: Informe N

nga


my and produd animal headed product

pecies

44,000 to 50ant diversity ver 50 yearss still very low

into five geclude, in geno, Caatinga

acional sobre

Figure 25


ww

uction systemlth developmen

0,000 specie[26]. The gres of researchw [25].

eographical neral, more [26]. Alagoa

a situaçao do

5. Localisatio


ms

nt

es of vasculaeater numbeh on medici

regions: No than one bas State, has

os recursos fitdo Brasil [26]

on of biomes


r plants, reper of speciesnal plants in

orth, Northebiome: Matas two of thes

togenéticos pa]

s and regions

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

presenting ap, the higher n the countr

ast, Midwesa Atlântica, se biome: Ca

ara a alimenta

s of Brazil

Al

ALA

pproximatelythe potentiary, the numb

st, SoutheasAmazon, Paaatinga and

açao e a agric

agoas State

y 18% al new ber of

st and ampa, Mata

ultura

The areachbetw29ºC TherewetteGenesmallshrub The vvariegenreMimo1995 Amontoget Accorwith were

Capaci

annual precihing 1.000 mween 7 and [25].

e are two mer ("Wastelaeral charactel, firm leavebby appeara

vegetation os dependinges, namely: osa, Syagru)[26].

ng the medicther with the

rding to a stCaatinga bio [26]:


pitation ratemm), and th9 months.

ain types of nd") towarderistics of caaes (xeric), innce) and the

of Caatinga g on factors Tabebuia, As, Spondias

cinal plants, e Amburana

udy of the momas, the ma


ww

e is highly ire rainy seasThe temper

caatinga: drs the coast.atinga elementense brance presence of

does not fosuch as soiAspidosperm , Cereus,

the most imcearensis is

medicinal plaain species u


regular, andson varies brature is iso

ry Caatinga (

ents include ching of tref cacti and b

orm a structil, xerotermma, AstroniuPilosocereus

mportant is thofficially list

ants used in used from th


varies betwetween 3 aothermal, w

("Hinterland"

the total losees from thromeliads sp

tural and hoic index, phum, Cavanills, Jatropha,

he Jaborandied as endang

Pernanbucoe nature (ac

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

ween 200 annd 5 monthith averages

") located in

ss of leaves ie base (whpecies [25].

omogeneousysiognomy aesia, Schino, Piptadenia

i (Pilocarpus gered [25].

State, closecording to ra

ALA

d 800 mm (hs and dry ss between

side and Caa

in the dry seich gives th

s floristic seand charactopsis, Caesala, etc. (Sam

jaborandi),

e to Alagoas ank priority o

rarely eason 25 to

atinga

eason, hem a

t, but eristic lpinia, mpaio,

which

state, order)

Fig

Mata

Compmarshigh f In thichapéthe sa AccorMedi(som

Indige

Capaci

Source: s

gure 26. Seas

a Atlântica

plex mosaic hes, mesophfields.

is area, tradé (Hyptis lutambaibinha

rding to theicinas, in thee of the spec

enous:


pecies listed a

sonal availab

of various thilic forests,

ditional meditescens), pan(Davilla rugo

e flora databe State of Alacies are not i


ww

according to th

bility of med

types of vegforests of lo

icine uses mneira (Noranosa) and catu

base http://fagoas the foindigenous,


he importance

dicinal plantsPernambuco

getation, incow and high

many plants, ntea adamanuaba ( Anem

floradobrasilllowing medbut naturaliz


e to the comm

s for the rurao

luding mangh mountains,

including arntium), quinamopaegma ar

.jbrj.gov.br adicinal plantszed):

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

unity (rank ord

al communit

groves, coas rain forests

rnica (Lychnoa‐de‐vaca(Rervense).

and the Trats could be fo

ALA

der priority)

ty of Alagoin

stal forests os, rocky field

ophora ericoemijia ferrug

tados das Pound in the n

nha,

of salt ds and

oides), ginea),

lantas nature

•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

Capaci

Ageratum Allamand Alternant Anacardi Ananas c Bixa orell Casearia Cayaponi Croton ca Croton ur Cupania o Cuscuta r Cyperus r Eclipta pr Eryngium Hancorni Heliotrop Indigofer Ipomoea Lippia alb Manihot Mikania h Operculin Passiflora Passiflora Phyllanth Phyllanth Piper adu Piper reg Piper umb Pistia stra Polygala Portulaca Psidium g Schinus te Scoparia Senna ala Senna oc Smilax sy Solanum Solanum


m conyzoidesda catharticathera brasiliaum occidentcomosus (L.) lana L. Urucusylvestris Swia tayuya (Veampestris A.Srucurana Baioblongifolia racemosa Marotundus L. Trostrata (L.) m foetidum L.ia speciosa Gpium indicumra suffruticosbatatas (L.) ba (Mill.) N.Eesculenta Crhirsutissima na macrocarpa alata Curtisa edulis Simshus niruri L. Qhus tenellus Runcum L. Jabnellii (Miq.) Cbellatum L. Catiotes L. Ervpaniculata La oleracea L. guineense Swerebinthifolidulcis L. Vasata (L.) Roxbcidentalis (L.yphilitica Humamericanumpaniculatum


ww

s L. Mentrasta L. Dedal‐deana (L.) Kunttale L. Caju. Merril. Abacum. w. Guaçatongell.) Cogn. TaSt.‐Hil. Velamill. Pau‐de‐saMart. Cambart. Cipó‐chuTiririca. EndeL. Erva‐botão. Coentro‐fedGomes. Mangm L. Crista‐dosa Mill. AnileLam. BatataE.Br. ex P. Wirantz. MandiDC. Cipó‐cabpa (L.) Urb. Bs. Maracujá. s. Maracujá‐dQuebra‐pedrRoxb. Quebrorandi‐falso,C.DC. CapebCapeba. va‐de‐Santa‐L. Barba‐de‐SBeldroega.

w. Araçá‐da‐pus Raddi. . Asourinha‐do. Cássia. .) Link. Fedegmb. & Bonpl.m Mill. Erva‐mm L. Jurubeba


to. e‐princesa. tze, Alternan

caxi. Endemis

ga, pau‐de‐laajujá. Endemme‐do‐campangue. oatá. Endemumbo. emism. o. dorento, chicgaba. o‐galo, borageira. ‐doce. ilson. Cidrilaioca. beludo. Batata‐de‐pu Endemism.de‐suco. ra. a‐pedra‐fals, pimenta loa‐do‐Brasil.

Luzia. São‐Pedro

praia Aroeira. oce, vassoura

goso, mangir. ex Willd. Samoura. a.


nthera tenella

sm.

agarto. mism. o.

mism.

cória.

gem‐brava.

, cidreira.

urga.

o. nga.

a de botão.

rioba. alsaparrilha,

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

a Colla. Periq

aputá, cipó j

ALA

quita.

japecanga.

•••••

Natu

••••••••••••••••••••

Capaci

Spigelia a Triumfett Turnera d Vitex poly Vanilla pl

ralized:

Arachis h Artemisia Asclepias Bidens pi Carica pa Celosia ar Cymbopo Cyperus e Datura st Desmodiu Leonotis n Mentha p Mentha s Mirabilis Nicandra Physalis a Psidium g Tanacetu Urtica dio Vitex agn


anthelmia L. ta semitrilobdiffusa Willdygama Chamlanifolia Jack

hypogaea L. Aa vulgaris L. As curassavicalosa L. Picãoapaya L. Mamrgentea L. Crogon citratusesculentus L.tramonium Lum adscendenepetifolia (pulegium L. Pspicata L. Hojalapa L. Bo

a physalodes angulata L. Cguajava L. Goum vulgare Loica L. Urtiganus‐castus L.


ww

Erva‐lombrigba Jacq. Carra. ex Schult. Dm. Azeitona‐dks. ex Andrew

Amendoim. Artemísia. a L. Oficial‐de. mao, papayarista de galos (DC.) Stapf. Tiririca. L. Estramônioens (Sw.) DCL.) R.Br. CordPoejo. ortelã. nina. (L.) Gaertn. Camapu. oiabeira. . Catinga‐de‐a. Cordeiro‐de


gueira. apicho‐de‐caDamiana. do‐mato. Endws

e‐sala.

.

. Capim‐limã

o. . Pega‐pega.dão‐da‐frade

Balãozhino.

‐mulata.

e‐deus.


alçada

demism.

o.

. e, São Franci

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

sco

ALA

2.2._

A wemediprojecompopera(USA)Kate,

Natiowas eout adiver

Costadeclato naexcludiverThe biopr

Accorgrow

•

•

•

•

•

•

Capaci

_Costa Rica

ell‐known ancinal and arects of the Iponent in itsates in its p), Bristol‐My 1999; ten K

onal Biodiverestablished i species invesity_ and to

a Rica's 199ares nationalationalisationsive right tosity in the pMinistry of rospecting pe

rding to the wing in the wi

Buddleia America; the PacifiApril. Com

Cecropia America. have bee

Costus spAmerica July and weeds an

CymbopoAmerica,

EquisetumAmerica rivers.

EryngiumIndies. Frland. It is


nd often andomatic plantInstituto Nas work to prprogrammesyers Squibb ate 1999) [1

rsity Institutin 1989 withentory of theexplore the

2 Conservat sovereigntyn of all biogo grant perublicly‐owneNatural Resermits in the

Herbario Naild are:

americana Lin Costa Ricic. It is livingmmon in weobtusifolia From 0 to 1n disturbed picatus (Jacqand the Wesfruiting fro

nd riverbanksogon citratuincluding thm bogotenseand the We

m foetidum Lrom 0 to 1,0 cropped as


ww

d controverst material ascional de Bomote the s on biopros(USA) and In2].

e of Costa Rh the blessine country _ wcommercial

tion of Wildy over the bioenetic resoumits to inveed conservatsources, Eneese areas, an

acional de Co

L. – Salvia vica it is foundg from sea leeds and fencBertol. – G1,300 m aboand open arq.) Sw. ‐ Cañst Indies. It lim July to Ss. s (DC.) Stape Antilles. It e Kunth., E. est Indies. T

L. – Culantro00 m above a condiment


sely discusses a financial iodiversidadsustainable specting witndena (Italy)

Rica (INBio) ig of the govwhich is estimpotential of

dlife Law 8 (ological diveurces in the estigate, coltion areas, wergy and Mnd INBio has

osta Rica [17

irgen. Shrubd in hot and evel to 1,500ces alongsideGuarumo. It ove sea levereas. ña agria. It ives from seSeptember. I

pf. – Zacatelives from sgiganteum hey grow in

o coyote. It sea level. Int and medici


ed example instrument

d (INBio) in use of Costath pharmace) (Laird, 199

is a private nvernment. Itsmated to havf the country

(Laird, 1995ersity of the ccountry. Nelect and exwhich make Mines (MIRENsuch a perm

], the most u

that is distrtemperate l

0 m. Fruits coe roads. grows froml. It lives in

extends froa level to 1,5It grows in

e limón. It ea level to 1L. – They li

n marshy are

grows in tron lowlands, pnal plant.

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

for the comfor nature Costa Rica. a Rican biodeutical comp3; Sidler, 19

non‐profit os main objecve 4% of the y's biological

; Salazar ancountry. Thisevertheless, ploit the coup 25% of thNEM) is autit.[9]

used medicin

ributed in Mlands at the ome apperar

m Mexico toevergreen fo

m southern 500 m. It blorain forests,

grows in Ce,200 m. ve in Centraeas, wet me

opical Amerprefer damp

ALA

mmercializaticonservatioAs an impoiversity, INBpanies like M994; Laird an

rganisation ctives are to world's biolresources.

nd Cabrera, s is not equivthe State haountry's biolhe whole cothorised to

nal plants th

Mexico and CValle Centrars from Janu

o northern orests, when

Mexico to ooms from Ms, swampy p

entral and

al America, eadows and

rica and the places and

ion of n, are ortant Bio co‐Merck nd ten

which o carry ogical

1996) valent as the ogical untry. grant

at are

entral al and ary to

South n they

South May to places,

South

South along

West fertile

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

Nativintrod

Capaci

Jathropa Antilles, tcultivated

Justicia pfrom seagrows on

Lippia albnorthern and distu

Lippia grsouthern

Momordilives fromshore fenthrougho

NeurolaeIndies atroadsides

PassifloraintroduceFlowers a

Plantago West Indcultivated

Psidium gin pasture

Quassia anorthern m. Wet aFebruary

Senna reten CostaDesde el noviembr

Tradescafrom Memany trofrom Sep

Uncaria tareas of Afrom Janu

Urera bathe Westsmaller toriver ban

ve species lduced like q


gossypiifolithe Bahamad and wastelpectoralis Jac level to 1,5n the forest fba (Mill.) N.Argentina a

urbed areas. raveolens Ku Central Ameica charantiam sea level tnces and on oout the year. ena lobata (t less than s. a quadrangued in the Caand fruits all major L. – dies. Inhabitd lands. guajava L. – es and roadsamara L. – HSouth Amerand dry climto July. ticulata Will Rica se ennivel del mre a marzo. ntia zebrina xico to Panaopical countrtember to Atomentosa (WAmerica, liveuary to Aprilccifera (L.) Gt Indies. It livo medium eks.

ike zarzaparuina (Cincho


ww

a L. – Frailes and old wlands. Flowecq. – Tilo. Na500 m. Floweloor. E. Br. – Juannd West Ind

unth. – Orégerica. From sa L. – Soroso 1,000 m. Cother plants

(L.) Cass. – 800 m abov

ularis L. – Pasaribbean, groyear. Llantén. Nas medium l

Guayaba. A sides. Hombre granrica, includinmates. It blo

d., Senna alacuentra en

mar hasta 60

Bosse – Cucama. It growries. It growspril. Wiil. ex Roemes from sea land bears fr

Gaudich. – Oves from 0 tlevation. He

rrilla (Smilaxna sp.), have


ecillo. It groworld tropicsers and fruitsative to the ters from Jan

nilama. It extdies. It lives f

gano. It extesea level to 1sí. Native to Common in adhering to

Gavilana. It ve sea leve

siflora, Granaows in hot a

ative to Euroands betwe

native of tro

nde, Palo qung the Amazoooms from N

ata L. – Sarazonas bajas00 m. Florec

caracha, Hojws in moist fos on hillsides

m. & Schult.)level to 500 ruit from Martiga. It growto 1,400 m. e likes rocky

x sp.) and e had a rema


ows in conti. From sea l appear all yropics of Amnuary to May

tends from trom 0 to 1,5

ends from th1,500 m. tropical Amhot and war

o them with t

grows in trol, in woode

adilla real. Pareas with fe

ope, naturalieen 500 to

opical Ameri

uinina, Quininon and the WNovember t

agundí. Nativs y climas dece de septie

a del milagroorests. Froms and riverba

) – DC. It grom in humid arch to June.ws in CentraIt blooms alregions at t

ipecacuana arkable econ

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

inental tropevel to 500 year. merica and Wy, and bears

the southern00 m. It grow

he southern

merica and thrm earth. It their branchi

opical Amerd areas, dis

lant native toertile soils. F

ized through1,500 m on

ca. It grows

nagrú. NativWest Indies. Io June, and

vas desde Mée húmedos mbre a mar

o, Manto dem 0 to 1,500 anks. Flower

ows in tropicforests and w l America, Sol year. It is lohe foot of th

(Cephaelis omic import

ALA

pical Americam. It develo

West Indies. Is fruit in Ma

n United Staws in open fo

United Stat

he West Indis growing oing tendrils.

rica and the sturbed site

o the West IFrom 0 to 5

hout Americn flat, barren

from 0 to 15

ve from MexIt lives from d bears fruit

éxico hasta a muy húmrzo y fructifi

el señor. Origm. Naturalizrs and bears

cal and subtrwetlands. Flo

outh Americocated on lahe mountain

ipecacuanhatance [23].

a, the ops in

t lives rch. It

tes to orests

tes to

dies. It on the Fruits

West s and

ndies, 00 m.

a and n and

500 m

xico to 0‐600 from

Brasil; medos. ica de

ginally zed in fruits

opical owers

ca and and of ns and

a), or

CapaciHerb

ity Building Probal Initiative fooject, Ref. No.: 5

ww



KA2‐CBY‐ACPAALA

Amon

••••••••••••

2.3._

The mflowebook

An es12% o13% Ende(Psidi(Smila

Wild harve

Manydestrjune nutm

Whenoccursome(Smilathe fonot pplantbe tra

Capaci

ng the most

Hojas de Zarzaparr Ciprés (Cu Cola de c Chiquizá Hombre g Quina (Oc Saragund Roble (Qu Jinocuabe Calzonzill Diente de

_Jamaica

most comprering plant ss written abo

stimated 28of the ferns,of known mmic plants wium montanax balbisiana

species of fested for foo

y medicinal ructive harveplum, tama

meg (Myristic

n such plantsrs. This neglee heavily haax balbisianorest to findpractice replats and the Loained about


commerciali

sen (Caesalprilla, cuculmeupressus lusiaballo (Equis(Leonurus sibgrande (Quacotea veragudí (Senna retiuercus sp.) e (Bursera silo (Passiflorae León (Tarax

rehensive wospecies of wout the ferns

% of the flo 50% of the medicinal plwith potentianum) and tha) [24].

flora make aod productio

plants are esting is donarind, guinepca fragrans),

s die, new plect may thervested mea). All the nd harvestableanting. The rocal Forest Mhow to rese


ww

ized species

pinia pulchereca (Smilax sitanica). setum bogotbiricus). assia amara).uensis). iculata).

maruba) a biflora). xacum offici

ork on Jamahich 784 ares, orchids an

owering plancacti and 70ants of Jamal for food ahe presently

a significant n are mostly

wildcraftede for fruit trep, and for mbizzy (Cola a

lants have torefore lead dicinal plantnear sourcese plants. MorecommendaManagemened the fores


from the wi

rrima). sp.).

tense).

.

inale).

aica’s biodive endemic. Tnd medicinal

nts of Jamaic0% of the palmaica are alsand agricultuy wild‐crafte

contributioy gathered un

d (gathered ees such as medicinal pacuminata) a

o arise from to a decreasts such as sare gone, a

ost of theseation is for ret Committeest with such s


ld are [23], o

versity is AdThere have plants of Jam

ca (800 of 3lms are endeso endemic ure include td endemic

n to Jamaicansustainably

from the wackee (Blighlants such aand noni (Mo

their own sese of such psarsaparillaand wild‐craffolks do noteplanting proes (LFMCs) aspecies.

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

ordered by vo

ams (1972) been some smaica.

000), 36% oemic to Jama(Mitchell anthe endemicroot tonic p

a’s economyy from the fo

wild) from tia sapida), bas pimento orinda citrifo

eeds as no pulants. This is(Smilax sp.) fters are heat know how otocols be dand Forestry

ALA

olume:

which lists surveys don

of the bromeaica. An estimnd Ahmad 2c mountain plant, chainy

y. The wild orest.

the forests. breadfruit, m(Pimenta d

olia) [24].

urposeful plas especially and chainyading furtheand therefoeveloped foy Departmen

2,888 e and

eliads, mated 2006). guava y root

plants

Non‐mango, ioica),

anting so for y root er into ore do r such nt (FD)

Mostare fedioica

Otheurbanspice

3._Cu

3.1._

AccorCaati Durindue timpleValley Agricwith plantveget Agricplant

Mosthavin(Rosmorigindandthymcalenorigin

In adTratain the

••••

Capaci

t of the treesew examplea) is an exam

r factors anization, pras. Economics

ultivated MA

_Brazil

rding to Brnga and Mat

ng the first hto cotton. Cementation y became a m

ultural activthe use of

tations for ttation [26].

ulture in Brts have been

t cultivated ng features omarinus officnating in theelion (Taraxe (Thymus ndula (Calendnating in Ind

ddition to thados das Plane State of Ala

Cajanus c Catharan Coffea ar Helianthu


s mentioneds of endemimple but this

ffecting theaedial larcens to a large d

APs species

azilian biomta Atlântica.

alf of the lasCurrently theof irrigated major export

vity in the Mf modern inhe pulp and

razil is devo valued with

medicinal spof heliophyticinalis), leme Mediterranxacum officinvulgaris), fdula officinaia [25].

ose, accordntas Medicinagoas:

cajan (L.) Hutnthus roseus rabica L. Caféus annuus L.


ww

d above werec plants thas crop has no

e state of ny and the degree, dete

mas describe

st century, the region is uagriculture.ter of fruits,

Mata Atlânticnputs, emphd paper indu

ted mainly in the agribu

pecies are ec plants (pio

mon balm (Mnean; rue (Rnale), yarrowrom Europealis), originat

ing to the flnas, the follo

th. Feijão‐an(L.) Don (= Vé. Girassol.


e once impot have becoot benefitted

diversity arincrease in rmines what

ed in chapt

he expansionundergoing . As a resultespecially g

a region fochasizing theustry, which

for food puusiness conte

exotic, domeoneers). It mMelissa officuta graveolew (Achillea me; Artemisiating in Egypt

lora databasowing plants

ndu. CultivateVinca rosea L


orted, but haome major fod from much

re populatiothe desire t crops farme

er 2.1., Ala

n of agricultua major ecot of agricultrapes, papay

cuses on a he sugarcaneh replaced m

urposes. Moext [26].

esticated in tmay be mentcinalis) and ens), chamommillefolium), p (Tanacetumt and lemon

se http://flos with medic

ed. L.). Boa‐noite

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

ve become iood plants. Plocal resear

on pressurefor natural ers will grow

goas State

ure in the Caonomic expature, the Sãyas and melo

ighly mechaplantations

more than 9

re recently,

their naturaioned in thisfennel (Foenmile (Matricplantain (Plam sp.), origngrass (Cymb

radobrasil.jbinal propiert

e.

ALA

indigenous. Pimento (Pimrch.

e especially foods, herb

w.

have two t

atinga was mansion due to Francisco ons [26].

anized agricus and Euca90% of the n

native med

al ecosystems group: roseeniculum vulcaria chamomantago majoginally from bopogon citr

brj.gov.br anties are culti

There menta

from bs and

types:

mainly to the River

ulture, lyptus native

dicinal

ms and emary lgare), milla), r) and Asia;

ratus),

nd the ivated

•••••••••

Biodimanucommalso tgrowcultuknowhighli[26].

BasedestabherbarespeConvinclusin puconse

To prherbamuniimpleadvangoverinvolv

In AlaEstruFitotestakeby Sstren

Capaci

Mangifer Melia aze Musa par Oryza sat Ricinus co Saccharu Sambucu Tamarind Zea mays

versity, partufacture of munity (tradthe raw ma

wn dramaticaral and eth

wledge and ights the ric

d on this geblish a propeal plants, wect ethical ention on Bsion. This moublic health, ervation, bot

romote the al medicinescipal level, ementation nced in thernmental, anving the gov

agoas State, turação, Coerápicos). Teholders are SUS‐ Sistemgthening th


ra indica L. Medarach L. Ciradisiaca L. Btiva L. Arroz.ommunis L. Mm officinaruus nigra L. Sadus indica L. s L. Milho.

ticularly higmany drug

ditional medterial for thally in recennic diversitytraditional

ch collection

enetic wealther and autonwhich prioritiprinciples aBiological Divodel uses thand the reth locally and

managemens, as well as is being dnetworks ofe Caatinga nd civil sociernment, civ

there is a Ponsolidação The objectivcovered, froa Único dehe pharmac


ww

Mangueria. namomo. Bananeira. Mamona. m L. Cana‐debugueiro. Tamarindo.

her plants, gs herbal oricine) used e manufactunt decades. y. Thus, ovetechnologie

n of knowled

h and vast cnomous devizes sustainaand internatversity, there premise ofconciliation d nationwide

nt, cultivatioinvolve the developed wf Medicinal Pbiome, whety, which svil society, so

Project for ene Fortale

e of the pom the farmee Saúde (Ueutical care


e‐açúcar

constitute arigin. Form in popular aure and useIn addition er hundredses, passed dge about m

cultural divevelopment mable use of tional commeby promotf respect forof socio‐ecoe [26].

n, productiovarious sectwithin each Plants and Here there should be leocial movem

nhancing theecimento doproject is aer in the nurUnified Heale in the SU


a major soualso the band traditione of herbal mto this gen

s of years tfrom gener

management

rsity, the comodel in heabiodiversity

mitments, eing the genr the principlonomic deve

on and markors involvedbiome, a

Herbal mediare alreadyeveraged anents, produc

e medicinal os Arranjosrticulating trsery until thlth System)US, brings t

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

urce of raw asis of homnal practicesmedicines, aetic pool, Bhe country ration to g and use of

ountry has thlth and use y and genetespecially ineration of wes of safety elopment an

eting of medd in this issueprocess of cines. This pa number

nd expandedcers and entr

plants produs Produtivothe producthe dispensat. APL Fitotto Alagoas

ALA

material fome remediess. They repra market thaBrazil holds has accumu

generation, f medicinal

he opportunof medicinatic resourcen relation towealth with and effectivnd environm

dicinal plante at the statarticulation

process is alr of institutd in a joint repreneurs [

uction (Projeos Locais ‐tion chain tion of medicterápicos, ato guarante

or the s and resent at has a rich ulated which plants

nity to al and s and o the social veness mental

ts and te and n and lready tional, effort [26]

eto de ‐ APL so all cation among ee an

improbene

The ipharmpopuhealt

Giventhrouecono

Amon

•

•

•

•

•

•

••

The sustathe NAccor

Capaci

ovement in ficiaries of fi

importance maceutical clation and eh profession

n the currentugh APL as aomic and soc

ng the specif

Identify educationdevelopmthat accoof Medici

Train heasignificanof medici

Empowermedicinaindigenou

Cheapen local biod

Create inindustriapopulatiobeneficia

Create a de Horticnetwork line (Dryi

Restructu Developin

cultivatiocontent o

production ainable, wheNational Hearding to the


the living coinal products

of this propcare in SUS, effective knnals linked to

t panorama an opportuncial developm

fic objectives

and form pnal institutiment agencieount of the ninal Plants analth professiont portion of inal plants anr existing ml plants, as us, with a viethe drug codiversity. n Alagoas alization, in oons concernry of the supgarden prodcultura for of health cang and packuring the herng, through on and the dof active ingr

of medicinn using suitaalth Surveillaresearcher


ww

onditions of s.

posal is the appreciatioowledge foro primary car

of Alagoas, inity to genement for the

s of this proj

partnerships ons, governes and markneeds of connd Herbal Monals on thepopulation, nd herbal memembers in well as tradew to incorpsts in prima

a structure order to assed and to pply chain anducing seedligrowing mere for Maceaging); rbal processiUFAL (Univeifferent stagredients and

al plants isable agricultance Agencyof the Centr


low‐income

managemenon of the cor prescriptiore network.

t shows theerate incomee Municipalit

ect are:

with govenment authketing technonsolidating tMedicines. e need to guand sensitizedicines. APL Horticuditional popuorate them ry care in SU

that includsist in the sothe State i

nd providing ings in sufficedicinal planeio with prod

ing laboratorersidade Fedges of produc pharmacolo

s an activittural systemy: Agência Nro Pluridiscip


e population

nt, optimizatrrect use ofon and guida

e possibility oe for the poty of Maceio

rnment ageorities, assoological devehe ALP retur

uide the self zing society t

ultural Alagoulations of tin this APL.US, valuing a

des activitieocial and ecitself and cthe surplus cient quantitnts, and supducts origina

ry already exeral de Alagct handling aogical activity

ty with pot, provided tNacional de plinar de Pes

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

s and users

tion of existf medicinal pance of thes

of productionopulation Locand the Stat

ncies (stateociations ofelopment, gerned to the

use of medito the correc

oas for orgathe State of

spects of po

es ranging fonomic devounties; havto the markety to enable pply some bating from th

xisting in Macoas), qualityand commit y cultivated s

ential to bhat the ruleVigilância Sasquisas Quím

ALA

of the SUS

ting resourcplants amonse plants, a

n on a largercal and therte of Alagoas

e and munif quality coeared to actNational Pro

icinal plants,ct and ration

anic cultivatif Alagoas, su

opular cultur

from growivelopment foving SUS aset; the supply obasic units ohe first proce

ceió; y control promonitoring species.

be profitablees are followanitária (ANmicas, Biológ

to be

es for ng the among

r scale refore s.

cipal), ontrol, tivities ogram

, for a al use

ion of uch as

re and

ng to or the s first

of APL of the essing

tocols of the

e and wed by VISA). gicas e

Agrícthe a[23].

Mostcompthis fcollecrequisteadthe s[29].

Due tmeditechninterethis la

3.2._

Tradi(centinfluespecipurchconti Vegetspeciprotepotengarde Amon

•

••

•

••

Capaci

olas (CPQBAactivity is po

t of the mepromises thefactor is a fuction decreaire high qualdy supply of same standa

to these faccinal plants nical guidancested in theack, as the tr

_Costa Rica

tional medictre), Huetar ence, both imens tradedhased in thenent.

table produces is the nects the gardntiates insecens and goes

ng the cultiv

Carica pafrom sea

Citrus aur Cupressu

from souornamen

Cymbopoareas.

Eryngium Lippia gra


A) of the Statotentially pro

dicinal plante quality of turther incentase because ity raw matehomogeneord of quality

ctors and thebecomes a gce. In almost cultivation raining of the

cinal knowle(west) and n the case od in the mare markets to

ction in fronorm. Varietden or plot act and diseas together w

ated medicin

apaya L. – Plevel up to 1rantium L. –s lusitanica uthern Mextal and windogon citratus

m foetidum L.aveolens Kun


ww

te Universityofitable in Br

ts used in hthe product tive for the of health a

erials and suous raw matey, which can

e increased great businet all regions of medicinaese professio

dge in CostaBribi (southof cultivatedkets. Half tho treat chron

nt and backyal diversity against drouse resistanceith plant the

nal species a

Papaya. Nativ1400 m. It is – Naranjo agrMill. ‐ Ciprésico to Nicad fences in ths (DC.) Stap

. – Culantro cnth. – Oréga


y of Campinarazil due to

herbal indusand can leacultivation oand environmpply regularerial, which n not be ach

consumptioss opportunof Brazil, mial plants, reqonals [29].

a Rica is ethh and east) d medicinal pe medicinal nic or mild

ards is varieis big, treeght, the gare. Organic aerapy choice

are [17]:

ve to tropicagrown extenrio. It is grows. Native to ragua. Liveshe prairies. pf. – Zacate

coyote. It is gno. It is grow


s (Unicamp)the favorab

stry are stillad some speof medicinalmental legisity. On the censures thehieved with

n of herbal ity for small issing techniquiring the c

nically rooteIndians havplant speciespecies growdiseases we

d, intercropes intermixinden and theagriculture isover conven

al America ansively and bwn from sea Central and s from 900‐

limón. It is

grown as a cwn from sea

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

, Pedro Melile climate fo

from wild ecies to extin plants. Thelation. In adontrary, cult longevity ofmaterial fro

medicines, tproducers, hcal informatcreation of r

ed Chorotegave the most s and in thewn in front aere native fro

ping or multng bushes ae house agais an option intional medic

and the Wesbears fruit alllevel to 1500Southern M‐1400 m. It

grown in b

ondiment anlevel to 1500

ALA

illo de Magaor several sp

collection, nction. There trend is theddition, indutivation provf the activityom wild colle

the producthowever, stition for prodresources to

a (north), Ca relevant cue example oand backyardom the Ame

tiple inter‐pland herbs, nst the windin San Jose cine [11].

st Indies. It gl year. 0 m.

Mexico, distrit is grown

backyards in

nd medicina0 m.

lhães, pecies

which efore, e wild ustries vides a y with ection

ion of ill lack ducers meet

abecar ultural of wild ds and erican

anted which d, and home

grows

buted as an

rural

l.

•

•

•

•

•

•

A FAOvera)too, l Amonbeen preseto thsp.) aCulansmall[23]. The cgardeof Psy In Coalso amana Only LemopurchvolunArk inspeciSancthouse Very RafaeGove

Capaci

MatricariCentral athis crop.

Mentha s1400 m acrispa, M

Ocimum grown in It blooms

Rosmaringrows fro

Tradescagardens a

Zingiber America a

O survey in por the inteike juanilam

ng the spices cropped, lient in the foe few naturare wild colntro coyote l areas for th

cultivation oens (from 0,1ycotria ipeca

osta Rica anda high intereage this liana

a few tea con Grass, Chhase in almonteer and own the 90’s ines of medictuary, a sustes over 300 t

few have trel Ocampo aernmental int


ia chamomiland South A. spicata L. – Habove sea levM.piperita, M.basilicum L.countries ofs from Augusnus officinalisom sea level ntia zebrina and pots for officinale Rand the Wes

2000 [23], mernational coma (Lippia alb

s, Costa Ricake vanilla inrests of Cordral populatiolected in th(Eryngium fhe national

f medicinal p1 to 1,4 ha) acuanha, and

d Panama a best in domea plant [17].

ompanies likhamomile, Host every suwner of Indun Santa Barbcinal plants ainable rainftropical med

ried to growand his wifeterest in man


ww

lla L. – Manmerica. It is

Hierba buenavel. It grows.rotundifolia ‐ Albahaca.f tropical Amst to Octobers L. – Romerto 2000 m. WBosse – Cucits colorful leoscoe – Jenst Indies. Fro

mentions thaosmetics indba) and sarag

a has not a wn secondary dillera de Guons, but have Dry Pacififoetidum), inmarket, whe

plants in Cosand comercd nowadays t

breeding prosticating Sm

ke MondaisaHibiscus andpermarket instrias Los Pabara de Herefrom Costaforest Eco lodicinal plants

w large quane Flor Marony projects t


nzanilla. Nat grown in tr

a. Native to Es in wet areaa, etc. . Native to tmerica and thr. ro. Native toWidely cultivcaracha, Hojeaves. ngibre. Nativom 0 to 1500

a exotic cropustry. But sogundí (Senna

wide variety forests. Jam

uanacaste, he been cultiic and is cunitially obtaere is compe

sta Rica is mcial crops mathere is a ma

ocess has bemilax sp., but

a, Manza Té d some othen Costa Ricaatitos, a leadedia. On thisa Rica and odge has a ds [13].

ntities of meoto have triethat were sta


tive to Asia.ropical garde

Europe. Grows. There are

tropical Asia he West Indie

o the Southevated in backa del milagr

ve plant of 0 m, in areas

ps have beenome native ma reticulate) [

of native spmaica (Pimeave not beeivated. Few ltivated in oined from teting with c

mainly done iainly devotedanagement p

een initiated t there not e

and Kábataers for theira. Tommy Thder in the locs beautiful hfrom all ovynamic colle

edicinal herbed hard butarted, put a s

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

It is sold iens and farm

ws in tropicaother variet

and the Mees. It grows f

rn Europe (Skyards and gao, Manto de

Asia. It is gof farming a

n establishedmedicinal pla[23].

ecies, but sonta guatemn exploited fquantities oother regionhe wild, is culantro (Cor

in householdd to the tradplan for Quas

with P. ipecexist a suita

use locally herbal teashomas, a forcal spice inderb farm, thver the worection of me

bs and piona lack of f

stop to all ind

ALA

n the markems specialize

al areas fromties M. citra

editerraneanfrom 50 to 6

Spain and Itaardens el señor. Gro

grown in trand agricultu

d like sábila ants are culti

ome of themalensis), unlfrom the wilof orégano (ns in the cocultivated nriandrum sat

d gardens, mditional cultivassia amara[1

cacuanha. Thble technolo

grown plants, which yormer Peace ustry, startehey have overld. Sacred edicinal plant

eers like bofunds and ladustrial grow

ets of ed for

m 50 to ta, M.

n. It is 600 m.

aly). It

own in

opical re

(Aloe ivated

m have less is d due Lippia untry. ow in tivum)

market vation 18].

here is ogy to

ts like u can Corps ed The er 300 Seeds ts and

otanist ack of wth.

Rafaeplantinvespepp Even pharmfar asthe lo

Capaci

el Ocampo ists. With sciestigative woer, flor de Ja

though Cosmaceutical bs I know. Raowest deman


s a scientist aentists like Mrk on the deamaica, curcu

sta Rica has businesses, itafael Ocampond of medici


ww

and has neveMichael Ballevelopment uma and oth

an incrediblet seems nobo states in onal herbs in


er sought thlick and othof agroindu

hers [13].

e potential fbody has triene of his maCentral Ame


e commerciahers, Ocampustrial produ

for growing ed to hook inany publicatierica, probab

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

al side of mepo has doneucts like Ach

medicinal hnto this impoons that thebly due sever

ALA

edicinal herbe some increhiote, Ipecac

erbs for theortant induse country regral reasons [

bs and edible cuana,

e huge stry as gisters 13]:

3.3._

The Sestabarrive(Myri(Blighintrod Some

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

Capaci

1. CostaAmerica. 2. The3. The countries4. Publpharmace5. Agricalternativ

_Jamaica

Spaniard setblishing planed in 1655, iistica fragranhia sapida) duced by Ind

e references

ALOE VUthe Barba

ARALIA Gand is no

ARTEMISFawcett apossible Browne s

CASSIA OSenna: Seexporting

CINNAMOfound occ

CINNAMOinto Jama

COLEUS Aa native seasoning

CYMBOPOimportanperfumer

MENTHAgardens o

OCIMUMuse in coo

PIMENTAspice.


a Rica has a

country scountry ha

s. ic health poeuticals. cultural politve of develop

ttlers who fotations, inclntroduced ons) and turmwere introddians [24].

of cultivated

LGARIS Lamados or CuraGUILFOYLEI Ct indigenousIA SP, Gardand Rendle that gardensays that theOBOVATA Colenegal Cassiag the senna. OMUM CAMcasionally in OMUM ZEYLaica in 1782.AROMATICUof Java, is cg. OGON CITRAnt oil grassery. It was intA VIRIDIS L. Gof Jamaica, is

M BASILICUMoking, it is emA DIOICA L. (


ww

high level o

spends a los a much h

olitics have

tics have nopment.

ollowed Coluuding medicther spices s

meric (Curcumduced by Af

d medicinal a

. Aloes; Semçao aloes ofCogn and Mas. den Bitters. so that this,n bitters an latter was inllad. Jamaicaa. At one tim

MPHORA NeeJamaica in c

LANICUM Bre

S Benth. Freultivated to

ATUS (DC.) Ss, producingroduced intoGarden Mints much used

M L. Barsley. mployed in a(Merr.). Pim


of income pe

ot of the higher prev

not legislate

ot considere

umbus arrivcinal plants such as cinnama longa), wricans and n

and aromatic

mper Vivum (f commerce.arch. Aralia.

No species , if correctlynd abainth ntroduced ina Senna: Portme it was cult

es. Camphor cultivation.eyn. Cinnam

ench or Spa.some exten

Stapf. Feverg lemon grao Jamaica abt: Black or Sw as a medicinThis plant isa similar manento: Allspic


er person co

public expentive publi

ed in favor

ed the suppo

al in 1494 in(eg. Zingiberamon (Cinnawere introducneem (Azad

c plants [10]

Simple or Sin

It is commo

of Artemisiy identified, (Artemisia nto Jamaica at Royal. Dog,tivated on th

Tree. This tr

mon. It is thou

.ish Thyme. nt in the We

r Grass; Lemass oil whichbout 1800. weet mint. Tnal herb. s grown in gnner to the wce. This spec

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

mpared to t

penditure oic health sy

of alternati

ort of medic

ntroduced ar officinale).amomum zeyced in the 18dirachta indic

:

nkle Bible). T

on in garden

ia is recordemust be a gabsinthium) and cultivate, Senegal. Trihe Palisadoes

ree, a native

ught to have

Country Borest Indies wh

mon Grass. Th is used m

The plant, int

ardens and,wild species. cies produce

ALA

the rest of C

n public hystem than

ive producti

cinal plants

a variety of . The Britishylanicum), nu8th century. ica) was pro

This species

n as a hedge

ed in Jamaigarden plantare identic

ed. ipoli, or Italias with a view

of Eastern A

e been introd

rage. This sphere it is use

This is one omedicinally a

troduced int

, in addition

es the well‐k

entral

health. other

ion of

as an

crops, , who utmeg Ackee obably

yields

plant

ica by t. It is cal as

an w to

Asia, is

duced

pecies, ed for

of the and in

to the

to its

known

Tradi(oran PimepimeImprothe sgoverpimeand consu Domehave ratherangeyams There

•

•

•

The B1998were2001 togetplant Undemediabove Biodiinvenfor fo Medithe Bleast medi In vitmedi

Capaci

tional expornges, ortaniq

nto (Pimentnto seedlingoved selectioselection ofrnmental sunto oil prodReplanting umption and

estic crop princreased w

er than availe of crops sus, cassava, co

e are several Trend tow

Crop Proprojects.

Trend towNCU (bre

Trend towtrees and

Biotechnolog.The Medici initiated in and 2007

ther. The hets being cons

erutilized specinal and are to enhance

versity inventories and sood producti

icinal plant cBiotechnologone plant. cinal tree gr

tro collectioncinal plants.


rt crops, whues, grapefr

ta dioica): Tgs. There is on techniquef high yieldupport and uction increaProgram whd as an impor

roduction hawhile farmgalability is thuch as legumoco, dasheen

l encouraginwards targetject, several

wards initiateadfruit), CASwards in vitd ornamenta

gy Centre wanal Plant Re1999. A manot only enerbal sector sidered as via

ecies such asromatic plane food secur

entories: Spiurveys of plaon.

collections: Agy Centre at The medicove.

ns: The BiotePlant specie


ww

ich dominatruit) and coco

The MOA tha genebankes for pimening cultivardistributionased) since 1hich commertant foreign

s decreased ate prices hae major facmes, vegetabn, sorrel and

g trends in pted R&D actil Medicinal P

tion and revSE (a few) antro gene banls), UWI/BTC

as opened inesearch Groajor nutracencouraged Rwas consoliable crops [2

s breadfruit, nts could beity and incre

ces and meant genetic r

A medicinal pUWI with becinal trees a

echnology Cees presently i


te the exporoa with suga

hrough its k of pimentnto include ars. The acren of seedlin1996 and theenced in 200n exchange e

over the lasave strugglector, except bles, herbs apotatoes (ir

plant productivities to spePlant (Biotec

vitalization ofnd UWI/BTC nks ‐ SRC (bC (spices, me

n 1989 and up and the utical projecR&D but alsoidated in 2024].

breadnut, pe expanded ease exports

edicinal plaresources, cr

plant gardenetween 50‐1are being p

entre has anin vitro inclu


rt market, inar and copra

export diviso at the Orapproach graeage in pimngs. Pimentoe response w03. This croearner.

t ten years. Id to keep uafter a hurrand spices, fish and swee

tion over theecific plant gchnology Ce

f ex situ gen(medicinal pbanana, planedicinal plant

the MoleculNatural Proct involving o brought th002 and this

pineapple, cualong with [24].

nts are conrop‐associate

n ex situ gene100 plant spelanted at H

n active tissuude: aloe (Alo

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

clude coffee(coconut) as

ion maintaiange River afting and thmento has io seed prowas the Pimeop is import

Input (eg ferp with inflatricane. This ruits, cerealset).

e last ten yearoupings – eentre) and n

ne banks by plants). tain, spices,ts, agricultur

ar Biology Boducts InstitUWI, SRC anhe entities has widene

ulinary herbsthe local st

nsidered prioed biodiversi

e bank is beiecies being rHope Botanic

ue culture cooe vera), ack

ALA

e, pimento, s commoditi

ins a nurseResearch Sthis has resulncreased doduction fellento Resuscitant for dom

rtilizer, fuel) tion. Affordsector inclus (corn), pla

ars[24]: eg MOA Fruiutraceutical

the MOA (m

, food cropsral crops).

Building of Uute, both atnd MOA betmentioned ed the numb

s and spices,taples ment

orities for fity and wild

ing maintainrepresentedcal Gardens

ollection of mkee, arrowroo

citrus es.

ry for tation. ted in ue to l (but tation mestic

prices ability udes a ntain,

t Tree (SRC)

many),

s, fruit

UWI in t UWI tween closer ber of

fibre, tioned

future plants

ned by by at s in a

mainly ot

(Marchainmedipineafoetid(Philo 4._M

4.1._

4.1.1

Brazicultuspeci Brand(PharBrazimedibiodiBrazithe lmediresea Manyor phtradit In 20AFALfillingtheir Identacquiindicarelati

Capaci

ranta arundinny root (Smilna (Alysicarapple (2), sdum), strongodendron sp.

Marketed MA

_Brazil

._Used plan

l has a very ral miscegenes, by settle

dao et al. (rmacopoeia lian Pharmacinal plantsversity, nativlian medicinast century cine and otarch validatio

y native specharmacologitional knowl

006, the Pha), by througg in specific fuses by A

tifying 100%ired throughation or knoives and neig


nacea), bottlax balbisianrpus vaginasarsaparilla g back (3), t.) and yam.

APs species

ts

diverse "ponation involvrs, immigran

(2006; 2008of the Unitacopeia, 19s and otheve plants ande over the ythere was

ther importeon of local m

cies have becal studies edge of the

armaceuticalh the Projecforms, identlagoas popu

% of respondh neighbors;owledge acqghbors they w


ww

le brush (Caa), ginger (Zlis), neem ((Smilax regtuna (Opunt

opular pharmving African, nts and slave

8) reviewed ed States o977, Braziliar plant prod derived pryears. In addintense repled plant promedicinal plan

en widely ussupporting population (

l Associationct Program fification of mulation. Thisdents make only 8% required bibliowere already


allistemon vimZingiber offic(Azadirachtagelii),scotch tia cochenill

macopoeia", European a

es [25].

the four eof Brazil, in an Pharmacoducts descroducts haveition, the reslacement ofoducts, thusnts [25].

sed by peopltheir use, REIS; MARIO

n of Alagoasfor the SUS (medicinal plas study incluse of medeported the ographic souy using [14].


minalis), cerainale), fever a indica), pbonnet peplifera), turm

based on mnd indigeno

editions of t1926, Brazilcopoeia, 19cribed theree been progresults showedf native plans confirming

le in therapyothers are OT, 1999) [25

s (Associaçã(PPSUS‐AL), ants grown iuded 37% oicinal plantsuse of medrces and 92

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

assee (Momgrass (Cymbepper elderpper, spirit eric (Curcum

medicinal plaus, and intro

the Brazilianian Pharmac988‐1996), sein. The reessively excld that from tnts in Brazil the need f

y. Some specused from 5].

o Farmacêuheld throughn the home of municipas, grown on icinal plants2% found th

ALA

mordica charabopogon citrr (Piper amweed (Eryn

ma longa), w

nts, resultinoduction of

n Pharmacocopeia, 1959seeking datesults showeuded from othe second h by industrifor investme

cies have chethe empiric

utica de Alagh home visitenvironmen

alities in Alathe residen

s through me statement

antia), ratus), malgo), ngium wicker

g in a exotic

opoeia 9, the ta on ed as official half of alized ent in

emical cal or

goas ‐ ts and nt and agoas. nce or edical t with

Plant*MelissCymb(DC) SPeumMenthSchinuRaddiStryphbarbaHyptisPimpiFoenicLepidi

MatriEucalyPhyllaSambChamAlpiniCinnazeylanJ.PresEugenNastuPsidiuCitrusAlliumJusticiCitrusOcimu

LippiaBeta sSolanAloe v

ZingibSource*The s Accorthe m

Capaci

* sa officinalis Lbopogon cStapf. mus boldus Moha sp. us terebinthi hnodendron atiman s pectinata inella anisum culum vulgareium sp.

icaria chamomyptus globuluanthus nururi bucus aum. & Schldtl. ia speciosa amomum nicum sl nia uniflora L. urtium officinaum guajava L. s x limon m sativum ia pectoralis Js sinensis um gratissimu

a sidoides Chasp. um paniculatuvera L.

ber officinale Re: AFAL, 2008 scientific name

rding to a stmain medicin


Table 7.

LocaL. Cidrcitratus Capi

olina BoldHort

hifolius Aroe

Baba

SamL. e Mill.

Erva

Mas

milla L. Cams L. EucaL. Queustralis Sabu

ColôCane

Pitaale Agri

GoiaLimã

acq. AnaLara

um L. Alfav

m. AlecBete

um L. JuruBabo

Rosc. Gen

was not indicat

tudy of the mnal species us


ww

Used plants

al name eira im santo

do telã eira

atimão

mbacaitá a doce

struz

momila alipto ebra pedraugueiro

ônia ela

nga ão abeira ão com alho

dor anja vaca

crim pimentaerraba beba osa

gibre

ted in the docu

medicinal plased for the lo


s for the Alag

UsedLeafLeaf

BarkLeafBark

Bark

BarkLeaf

Leaf

LeafLeafLeafLeaf

LeafBark

LeafLeafLeafFruit

LeafLeafRoot

LeafRootFruitleaf

Root

ument. This is th

ants used in ocal populat


goan popula

d partff

kfk

k

kf

f

ffff, flower

fk

ffft

fft

ftt, leaf

t

he one believed

Pernanbucoion were [26

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

ation [14]

MedCalmCalm

LiverFlu, Infla

Infla

InflaCalm

Flu, wormCalmFeveKidnFeveinflaHearVom

DyseCougDyseFlu,

AcheCalmCouginflaAntiAnemFlu InflaemoCoug

d to be used in

o State, close6]:

ALA

dicinal use ming, colic ming, pressure

r, kidneys, gasworms ammation, he

ammation, he

ammation, heming, colic, int

cough, gam ming, pressureer, pressure ney stone er, cough, ammation rt miting, expecto

entery gh entery cough

e ming, Vitamin gh, flu, ammation fungal mia

ammation, laollient gh

this area (NT).

e to Alagoas

e, colic

ses

aling

aling

alingtestine

astritis,

e

flu,

orant

C colic,

xative,

s state

4.1.2

VALUThe commchannretailthe fr

Capaci

._Plants sold

UE CHAIN herbal di

mercializationel arrangemlers, and theresh market


d in the mar

stribution n of this raments (A, B, e herbal medand the deh


ww

ket

channel inaw material C and D), invdicines indusydrated plan


n Brasil pcan be widvolving prodstry. The trant market [2


resents difdespread thducers or extade of medic8]:

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

fferent arrrough four tractors, brocinal plants c

ALA

rangements. main distribkers, wholescan occur in

The bution salers, n both

CapaciHerb


ww



KA2‐CBY‐ACPAALA

Chan The vusualof inrespowhole In Bradeplowho for bplant In thpropecondthe p SerioAlteraand mana Also due tpricethe c Thus,informmedi Chan The porganwithospecicommprodu The cadditbehav(prodcontiagent

Capaci

nel A: Produ

vast majoritylly family farnformal inteonsible for aesalers.

azil, wholesaoyment procperform prooth industryts

is channel, derty enablesitions underproduct to be

us problemation produfungal contagement of c

free marketto the preses paid to colollectors, the

, low manamation for cinal plants.

nel 2: Produc

producers / nization thanout the use oes and in lamon that couction scale

commercialistion, the barvior and oppducers) and nuity of trants involved.


ucer/Collecto

y of medicinrmers who liermediaries aggregating t

alers operatecess by provocesses of ady and pharm

dehydrated them to havr which the e marketed.

s related tocts, such asamination acollection an

t trading meence of interlectors are uese have low

agerial capacollectors m

cer / Collecto

collectors in those of tof intermediarger quantitommercialisarequirement

sation mechrgaining powportunistic apurchase

nsactions (fre


ww

or – Intermed

nal plants sove nearby rein collecti

the amounts

e on two disviding mainlydding value macies for ha

medicinal pve a shelf lifemedicinal pl

o the qualits mixtures oare recurringd disabled d

echanisms armediates in usually very lw bargaining

acity, low temake the ro

r – Wholesale

nvolved in tthe channel ates. These pties (specialiation is donets.

anisms founwer betweenactions. It is (wholesalersequency) dep


diary ‐ Whol

old in Brazil cegions to coon regions.s collected i

stinct levels.y for compothrough theandling. Thes

plants are me greater thalants are sub

ty of the raof different g problemsdrying proces

re identifiedthis processow. As cooppower, whic

echnologicaole of essen

er

that channeA. This makproducers arization of pre through a

nd in this chan wholesaleremphasizeds) are not pends mainly


esaler

come from wllection area. These con larger bat

There are tounding phae processing se can still p

arketed. Thean the fresh pbjected subs

aw materialspecies, the. These aressing and sto

(spot) and s and the loperative actioch makes the

l level and ntial interm

el, are charakes them abre generally roduction). Iassociations,

annel are simrs and their that these guaranteed.y on product

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

wild collectioas. It is commmpanies orches and se

hose who ormacies. Theplant, providperform expo

e drying proplants. The dstantially aff

are found e presence oe due mainlorage.

informal conw quality ofons are not oe price taker

the difficuediary for t

cterized by ble to providof greater sin the case owhich allow

milar to thossuppliers leamechanisms. Thus, it at quality and

ALA

on. Collectomon the exisr individualell them mai

nly carry theere are still ding raw maort and imp

ocess also indrying and stfect the qua

in that chaof foreign oly to the la

ntracts. Howf the raw maobserved betrs.

ulty of accethe marketi

a higher lede the wholize, growing of collectorsws the serv

se of channeads to advers, both the sappears thad reputation

rs are stence s are nly to

e load those aterial ort of

n rural torage lity of

annel. bjects ack of

wever, aterial tween

ess to ng of

vel of esaler a few s, it is ice of

l A. In rsarial supply at the of the

Chan The Howespeciforma Althogreatthe qfor tcreat Chan This retailplantrequi In thitype demaseasobarganot s In thtrans EXPOBrasirutine ALICE(SECEinformthe In In rel27 prlime, Japan(gerasantolemooils vother

Capaci

nel 3: Produc

herbal medever, these cficity of theal contracts

ough emergiter control oquality of thehe producetes incentive

nel 4: Produ

channel illulers, in this cts. Thus, theire special ca

is market, thtransactionsand for the onality of praining powerhared with o

he case of sactions, such

ORTS l is exportine from Ruta

E‐Web InterEX) of the mation updantegrated Fo

ation to esseroducts incluother lime

nese mint ‐ nium, jasmio, Bulnesia ngrass (camvetiver" and r essential oi


cer / Collecto

icines induscompanies he assets, theand vertical

ng, some inover the mane raw materir, these mes for produc

cer/Collecto

strates the case free traey sold in jaare in their m

he commercs. The price product. It iroduction ar of the partother agents

trade betwh as informa

ng 10 tons ograveolens [

net search sMinistry ofated monthloreign Trade

encial oils, tuding 7 essee and other M. arvensisne, lavendersarmientol,pim‐limão), oil of corianils, without d


ww

or - Industry

stry demandhave faced de industry hintegration.

nitiatives havnagement of al. In additioechanisms sters to invest

or – Retailer

commercialade and / orars or in pacmarketing.

ialization beis negotiates noteworthnd consumpies involvedrepresentin

ween produl or formal c

of pilocarpin[17].

system is frf Developmey on the staSystem (SISC

he ALICE‐Weential oils of citrus fruit

s, spearmint r or lavende cabreúva palmarosa ander seeds (detailed desc


d raw matedifficulties inhas develope

ve been obsf production on there aretrengthen lot in improvem

isation of mr supermarkckets. Due t

etween proded at the tihy that the dption (seaso. Because it g a possibilit

ucers and scontracts.

e salts obta

ree and devent, Industratistics of BrCOMEX), wh

eb system, frcitrus (orants), 4 oils o‐ M. spicatr and other and cedar)

and eucalyptcoriander), tcription of th


rials in quan the supply ed other ma

served. In th(quantity an no intermeong‐term rements in the

medicinal plaets. This is tto the perish

ucers and mme of sale, different speon of the yeis a short chty of higher m

supermarket

ained from P

eloped by try and Forerazilian expoich manages

rom January nge, bergamof mints (peta and oils olavender oil) and leaveus oil in addtotaling 26 ihe products [

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

ntity, regulaof these proarketing mec

his situation,nd variety) adiaries, allowlationships. ir business.

ants betweethe fresh mahable nature

market tradeaccording t

ecies of medear and fad)hannel, markmargins for p

ts, also can

Pilocarpus sp

he Foreign eign Trade rts and impos the Brazilia

2005 to Octot, petit orappermint ‐ of other min), 4 wood oies remaininition to the vtems. The 2[30].

ALA

arity and quoducts. Givechanisms su

, companiesnd, consequwing greaterThis "guara

en producerarket of mede, these pro

rs is throughto the suppldicinal plants), influencinketing marginproducers.

n occur “hy

p. and 35 to

Trade Secre(MDIC). Proorts in suppan foreign tra

tober 2008, snge grain, leMentha pipnts), 4 floweils (pau‐rosang, as citrovetiver and "27th item inc

uality. en the uch as

s have uently, r gains antee"

rs and dicinal oducts

h spot y and s have ng the ns are

ybrid”

ons of

etariat ovides ort of ade

shows emon, perita, er oils , pau‐onella, "other cludes

DEMAAbouUNIA

•••••••••

4.2._

4.2.1

Costayearsde leto knCostaof thRica, The MCosta[17]:

••••••••••••••••••

Capaci

AND ut the most dARARAS and U

Matricari Mentha s Cymbopo Calendula Equisetum Pimpinell Stevia reb Cordia ve Bauhinia

_Costa Rica

._Used plan

a Rica used ts most of it don, hombre now where ta Rica: Indigeese medicinover 300‐50

Museo Nacia Rica, wher

Buddleia Carica pa Cecropia Citrus aur Costus sp Cupressu Cymbopo Equisetum Eryngium Jathropa Justicia p Lippia alb Lippia gra Matricari Mentha s Momordi Neurolae Ocimum b


demanded spUNICAMP re

ia chamomilsp. ogon citratusa officinalis. m hyemale. la anisum. baudiana. erbenacea fortificata

ts

to have a stdisappearedgrande and o buy them enous, Afro‐Cal herbs has00 different m

onal de Cosre 28 medici

americana Lapaya L. – Paobtusifolia Brantium L. –picatus (Jacq.s lusitanica Mogon citratusm bogotensem foetidum L.gossypiifoliaectoralis Jacba (Mill.) N.Eaveolens Kunia chamomilspicata L. – Hica charantiaena lobata (Lbasilicum L.


ww

pecies, that cesearchers) a

la.

s.

trong culture. Hierba Buepichichio arand what thCostarican as always beemedicinal pla

sta Rica joininal especies

L. – Salvia virpaya. Bertol. – Gua– Naranjo agr.) Sw. ‐ Caña Mill. ‐ Cipréss (DC.) Stapf.e Kunth., E. g. – Culantro ca L. – Fraileciq. – Tilo. E. Br. – Juaninth. – Orégala L. – ManzaHierba buenaa L. – Sorosí.L.) Cass. – Ga‐ Albahaca.


could be inteare [29]:

e for the useena, cuculmre some of they are usednd Caucasiaen the strongants are used

tly with INBs of well est

rgen.

arumo. rio. agria. s. – Zacate limgiganteum L.coyote. illo.

ilama. no. anilla. a.

avilana.


eresting for M

e of medicineca, zacate hose local md for. You win, but the ingest. You wid by the loca

BIO elaborattablished use

món. – Cola de ca

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

MAPs produ

nal herbs butlimon, cola dmedicinal herill find threendigenous infll find that, al population

ed the Herbe in Costa R

aballo.

ALA

cers (accord

t over the lade caballo, drbs, you juste kinds of hefluence of ththroughout n [13, 23].

bario NacionRica are desc

ding to

ast 20 diente t need erbs in he use Costa

nal de cribed

••••••••••

On tMadamedi

•

•

••

•

••

•

•

•

In spiused On fointrodthe c

Capaci

Passiflora Plantago Psidium g Quassia a Rosmarin Senna ret Tradesca Uncaria t Urera bac Zingiber o

he other haaleno, Isabecinal plants

Matricariinfections

Mentha digestive,

Rosmarin Aloe vera

skin prob Jatropha

depurativ Ruta grav Cymbopo

sedative, Quassia

depurativ Triumfett

control, a Taraxacu

hepatic, a

ite of generain infusions,

ourth of the pduced by Euonventional

In fact, thdigestive sedative flowers, pthe herb,buy the sdrops is c


a quadrangu major L. – Lguajava L. – amara L. – Hnus officinalisticulata Willdntia zebrina tomentosa (Wccifera (L.) Gofficinale Ro

and, accordel Maria of in Costa Rica

ia chamomils. European piperita L. , carminativenus officinalisa (L.) Burm.f.blems. Africa

gossypiifolve, prostate veolens L. Ruogon citratus anti‐flu. Troamara L. Bve. Tropical Ata semitrilobanti‐flu, antirum officinaleanti‐rheuma

al native spe, concoctions

plants used iropean colomedicine an

he preferredinfusions, and anti‐infparticularly a, others the specimen froconsidered th


ww

ularis L. – Paslantén. Guayaba. ombre grands L. – Romerd., Senna alaBosse – CucWiil. ex RoemGaudich. – Orscoe – Jengib

ing to Tradithe Portu

a are the follo

lla L. Camom

var. citratae. Europeans L. Rosemar. Aloe. Bushn. ia L. Fraileproblems. True. Herb. Ears (DC.) Stapf.opical RegionBitter woodAmerican. ba Jacq. Mrheumatic. Te F.W. Wigtic. Europea

ecies dominas, maceratio

in traditionanisers. Expland most of th

medicine isalso recomfluenza tea. as pain killerwhole plantom local tradhe best reco


siflora, Grana

de, Palo quino. ata L. – Saragcaracha, Hojam. & Schult.)rtiga. bre.

itional Meduguese Tropowing:

mile. Herb. S

(Ehrh.) Bri

ry. Bush. Rheh. Stomach u

ecillo. Bush.ropical Amer infections, s. Lemongrasns. . Tree. Diab

Mozote. HerbTropical Amegg. Dandelion.

ance, this lisns and exter

l healing praanation is sevhem are sold

s Camomile (mended agCosta Ricans and as collt, together wders. Externaommendation


adilla real.

nina, Quinina

gundí. a del milagro – DC.

icinal Knowpical Resear

Sedative, ana

q., M. spica

eumatic painulcers, cance

Stomach rican. sour throat, s. Herb. Stom

betes, hepa

b. Stomach erican. on. Herb. P

t shows thatrnal applicat

actises and dveral world‐kd in small poc

(Matricaria cgainst menstns sometimeyrium, a pop

with the rootal usage of thn against ear

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

agrú.

o, Manto del

ledge in Coch Institute,

algesic, anti‐f

ata L. Mint

s, hair washr, tumours, p

aches, diur

arthritis. Eurmach aches,

tic, febrifug

aches, diar

rostate pro

t the three tions are Euro

omestic remknown herbsckets in the p

chamomilla Ltrual pains, s use solelypular externa. In this instahe whole plar infections.

ALA

señor.

osta Rica [11, the most

‐flu, collyrium

t. Herb. Sed

ing. Europeaprostate dise

retic, hemo

ropean. , analgesic, c

ge, antidiarr

rrhoea, uric

oblems, dige

top ranking opean.

medies had bs are acceptepharmacy.

L.), taken orused as a

y the leaf anal convenienance they teant infusion

1], by used

m, ear

dative,

an. eases,

static,

cough,

rhoea,

c acid

estive,

plants

een ed by

ally in mild nd the nce for end to in ear

Capaci

Mint (Mecarminatfor the re

Rosemaryin remedWomen wthe scalp

In case ofAcanthacMata. It allergies proven ef

Bitter woactive agconsideremain mefebrifuge

The barkused madelivery. acid uric.

As anti‐dylobata (Laureus, psteeped ihepatic vExternal antibacte

The Euroalong theCosta Ricdigestive

As diuretIndian he

In additio(Momordand flowe

Another consume


entha sp.) reive virtues thecognised dig

y (Rosmarinudies to easewash their hand make th

f hair treatmceae, Justiciahas been usand to elimffects agains

ood (Quassiaainst Candided a good aeals the poe and depura

of another acerated in The concoct The native T

ysenteric theL.) Cass.) thapyogenes anin a boiling virtues favouapplications

erial activitie

opean Dandee roads, fed cans eat the and hepatic

tic, howeverealers – corn

on to Bitterdica charantier.

example is d in infusion


ww

efreshmentshe herb possgestive prop

us officinalise rheumatic hair with thehe hair stron

ments Rosema tinctoria, ed from ancinate dandrst Candida al

a amara L.)da albicans antidiabetic, pular recomtive.

tropical forewater in ations of the Tiliaceae is a

e Cabecar Inat has provend tiphi (Navlitre of wateur the usages in baths s that confir

elion (Taraxaon the heavherb in saladc actions.

r, a well‐kno(Zea mays L

r wood andia L.), an Afri

a tree, Guans of the leaf


s are advisesesses, but ierties.

s L.) decoctiopains, such

e infusion of nger.

mary has a golocally knowcient times buff. The spelbicans,Esche

is another nand Staphylosuggested tommendation

est species, ncient Bribistem are diupplied exter

dians prefern effects agvas, 2007, Fer and takene of the infare commom traditiona

acum officinvy rains. Intrds and drink

own native L.) a prescript

Gavilana, aican native v

pinol (Hymef and bark.


d against stn San Jose t

ons are used h as in topithis Europea

ood and apprw by the Spby the Huetaecies has beeerichia coli a

native specieococcus spp. o be taken ois the ma

Mozote (Trii Indian preuretic, anti‐drnally against

r the usage ogainst EscherFernandez, 2n orally in causion as digon in Costaal medicinal r

nale F.W. Wiroduced in tthe infusion

is traditionation commo

already menvine, recomm

enaea courb

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

omach achehe mint leaf

against cougcal frictionsan species in

reciated natianish designar Indian comen chemicalnd Staphyloc

es, a tropicaThe concoctorally after mceration, us

iumfetta semescriptions tdiarrhoeal ant rheumatic p

of native Gavrichia coli an2007). The fse of gastritgestive. It is Rica for it

recommenda

gg.) grows ehe early dayn cold, as ref

ally prescribn to the Azte

ntioned, resimended in inf

baril L.) abou

ALA

es because of is eaten in s

gh, and extes and catapln order to p

ive alternativnation of Azmmunities aly tested ancoccus aureu

al forest treetion of the bmeals. Beforsed as stim

mitriloba Jacto facilitate nd used to copains.

vilana (Neurond Staphylocfresh cuttingtis and coliti antidiabeticts antifungaations.

everywhere,ys of colonisfreshment, fo

bed by Chorecs.

idents use Sfusions of th

ut 40 metre

of the salads

ernally lasms. rotect

ve, an zul de gainst nd has us.

e, also bark is re the ulant,

cq.), is child

ontrol

olaena coccus gs are s. The c too. al and

, even sation, or the

rotega

Sorosi he leaf

es tall,

The NthemAven 4.2.2

You wstoreeithemarkfresh

Tradialive plantboth

The hcollec[23].

In a sCosta

•

Capaci

It is also orally in c

The tropStandl.) ithe locals

The Calagcancer. C

Back to trecommecase withplace in tprescriberecommewith succ

Coffee brecomme

National Mum in “El Herbue, right beh

._ Plants sol

won’t find anes might carrr. For the rekets that mo vegetable st

tionally, meplants and ts in street veraw materia

herbal teas inction or cult

study of the pa Rica, Nicara

calahuala


the advice gconcoctions

ical forest trs a liana thas use the nat

guala (PolypoCalaguala is a

the home gaendation; in h Aloe (Aloe the ranking ed against endation thacess.

beans and lended to dec

useum has abario Nacionahind the Plaz

ld in the mar

ny medicinary some extreal thing, yost town andtands [13].

dicinal plantfresh vegetaending. But tal and manuf

ndustry is thivation. This

potential maagua and Ho

a (Phlebodiu


ww

given in the of the leaf.

ree is aboutat grows fromtive species (

odium aureu tropical Am

ardens, Frailfact it is thevera (L.) Burof preferencprostate

at an over se

eaf (Coffea crease glucos

a pretty niceal” located iza de la Dem

rket

l plants and acts, but youu will either cities in Co

ts are sold ial material. there also exfactured pro

e one using s industry is

arket of 8 menduras, the

m aureum),


use of Guar

t 20 metres m Central Am(Bauhinia gu

um L.) roots merican fern.

lecillo (Jatro fifth most crm.f.), an Afrces. The stemproblems, eventy years

arabica L.)se tolerance

e herb selecn San Jose oocracia [13]

herbs in shou won’t find r have to shosta Rica hav

n local markThe populatxist botanicaducts [23].

the higher vproducing b

edicinal planfollowing ha

with 26 tons


rumo (Cecro

tall. Escalermerica to thianensis Aub

are used bo

opha gossypiconsumed sprican importam juice mixeincluding s old inform

) taken ora.

ction with gron Calle 17, .

opping mallsany fresh mop at the fave. You will f

kets. In farmtion of loweal shops or “

olumes of raboth for loca

ts done in Mad a higher d

s of rhizomes

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

opia obtusifo

ra de Mono e Amazon rabl.) instead.

th as antidia

iifolia L.) is apecies in Sanation that oced with honecancer, a ant declared

lly in conco

reat explanabetween Ce

s. Macrobiotimedicinal herrmer’s markfind most of

mers fairs it ier income is biohealth”, w

aw material, l consumptio

México, Colomemand [19]:

s and leaves

ALA

olia Bertol.),

(Bauhinia mainforest. In

abetic and as

another domn José. It’s alsccupies the fey and whiscentral m

d to use reg

octions are

ations on mentral and Se

ica or healthrbs in those skets or the cthem aroun

is possible tbuying medwhere are of

coming fromon and for e

mbia, Guatem:

from cultiva

taken

manca Brazil

s anti‐

mestic so the fourth skey is market gularly

again

ost of econd

h food stores entral nd the

o find dicinal ffered

m wild export

mala

ation;

•

•••

This sshow

The Neconosomehule balsaoverecollecimpo

In Cocollecplantexpo AccorRica quanmatelike a Costazarzaas exroot, CostaRica aproduUnite

Smilaexpothe mState21].

CostaGuate

Capaci

Mexican cultivatio

Zarzaparr Maracuyá Cuasia (Q

study revealwn interest in

Non Wood Fomy of Coste NWFP wer(Castilla elams and resexploitation.ction, but wrtant NWFP

osta Rica, 13ction or cultts are nativerted 18,2 me

rding to a st(Ammour ettity (57.907 erial, dried raas ointments,

a Rica is exparrilla (Smixtract. In 199Costa Rica c

a Rica is tradand Panamauct of wild ed Kingdom,

ax sp. has a rting roots omain produces imports ar

a Rica starteemala who i


oregano (Lipon and wild crilla (Smilax dá (Passiflora Quassia amar

ed that in thn buying thes

Forest Produa Rica and pre commerciastica), chidsins. During Sol, ipecacwas then din the count

33 medicinativation), wit ones [23]. Tetric tons of

tudy pretendt al, 1994), kg) came froaw material , hidroalcoho

xporting ipeilax sp.) and 92, the intercovering the

ding Cinchonaa a breeding origin obtaiMalaisia and

wide use in of this plant tcer of these round 72 ton

ed the cultivas selling the


ww

ppia graveolecollection. dominguensedulis), withra), with 1 to

he last years,se species, b

ucts (NWFP) play an impoially exploitedra ó semkoXXth Centucuana (Cephdomesticatedtry [23].

al plants areth a productThe only infomedicinal he

ding to charthere were om wild colle(whole or grolic extracts,

ecacuana (Cesábila (Aloe rnational ma40% of them

a sp. and proprocess hasned for expd Thailand [1

the indigento Spain, furdry roots isns per year f

ation of Zingrhizomes to


ens), with 30

is), with 100h 100 tons mon of bark ob

, countries liut they prefe

have had a rtant role foed: zarzaparo (Carludovury the NWFhaelis ipecad afterwads

e traded, 82tion of 170 tormation onerbs in 1992

racterize thetraded 167etion. Theserinded) and, , capsules an

ephaelis ipevera), the tharket of ipecm [23].

oducing Aloes been initiaport to Unit17].

nous populatrther used fos Mexico, fofrom Mexico

giber officina Europe [17]


00 tons of dry

0 tons of leavmainly of dry btained main

ike Japan, Frer those com

significativeor the rural prilla (Smilaxvica palmataFP exploitatacuanha) was. Nowaday

2% of those t of raw matn medicinal h[11].

e value chain.371 kg of me plants wereat lower scand others [23

ecacuanha), hree first as cacuana was

e gel to the ited with P. ied States o

tions as a blor pharmacellowing Hon and 3 tons

ale in the de].

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

y leaves obta

ves and dry pfruits from cly from wild

rance, Italy aming from cu

e participatiopopulation. Dspp.), vanill

a), añil (Indion continueas firstly obs, this spec

locally prodterial. The 5herb export

n of medicinmedicinal ple commerciaale, as manuf3].

quina (Ocoraw materianot overcom

internationaipecacuanhaf America, G

ood depuratutical industduras and Cof Honduras

ecade of 70,

ALA

ained from

plant. cultivation. collection.

and Australialtivation.

on in the naDuring the Cola (Vanilla sdigofera sp.)ed, driving btaind fromcies is the

duced (from53% of the tis that Cost

nal plants in lants. 35% oalized as fresfactured pro

otea veragueal and the lasming 100 t o

al market. In a. This is theGermany, Fr

tive. Costa Rtries. NevethCosta Rica. Us and Jamaic

, but nowad

a have

ational olony, p.), el ), and to an

m wild most

m wild traded a Rica

Costa of this sh raw oducts

ensis), st one of dry

Costa e main rance,

Rica is heless, United ca [20,

days is

CapaciHerb


ww



KA2‐CBY‐ACPAALA

4.3._

4.3.1

AccodPh.D.Botanplantfamilprepacorn ‘drinkalso p

The pmay v

Someperhaspecifamilarran

T

ACAN

AMAR

AMAR

Capaci

_Jamaica

._Used plan

ding to the r. (B'ham.), nistVomitingts for medicies, the moared by steemeal porridgking' tea is sprovide the n

plants used avary from dis

e attempt haaps showinges of plants ies (Acanthanged alphabe

Table 8. Refe

NTHACEAE ANDROGRgeneral beBLECHUMDIANTHERname fromrum, and a

RANTACEAE ACHYRANTclose. A comay be miAMARANTGreen or species arfor the boIRESlNE PAbowels antea with Pjuice is use

RYLLIDACEAE HIPPEASTRto make a


ts

report MEDlCProfessor

g Sickness Sucinal remediorning meal eping the leage. It is perhsubstituted. normal morn

as home remstrict to distr

as been madg relationshi distributed aceae to Zygetically.

erence list of

RAPHIS PANICeverage and in BROWNEI JuRA PECTORALm the use maapplied as a p

THES INDICA ommon Jamaiixed with MimTUS SPINOSUSGarden Calalre among the wels'. A. viridANICULATA Kd colic and asPiper nigrinoded.

RUM PUNICEUplaster with b


ww

CINAL PLANTof Botany,urvey. Attaches is a veryfrequently

aves in hot whaps significaMany of thening drinks.

medies are frrict.

e to record up with Jamthrough sixtgophyllaceae

f medicinal p

CULATA Neesn treatment oss. Wild HopsLIS Murr. Frede of it in thelaster. Tea ma

Mill. Devil's Hcan weed usemosa pudica.S L. Prickly Clu; Spinach; Cmost commois contains vituntze. Juba's s a drink for a um, salt, and

UM (Lam.) Urbread or, with


TS OF JAMAU.C.W.l. a

hed to Botany prevalent consists of water, with ant that the e plants use

requently kn

usages in othaican practity‐two plante) with the

plants in Jamfamilies

. Rice Bittersof fever and cos; John Bush. Ush Cut; Garde treatment oade with the l

Horsewhip; Ried to make te

alalu; SpinachCaruru. A. viron green vegetamin C, tanniBush. Said, bwoman in ch

d a few drops

rban. Red Lily;h Eryngium fo


ICA. PARTS 1nd Phyllis ny Departmepractice in nothing mperhaps a sterm breakfed for treatm

nown only by

her areas of ces. Upwardt families wiLatin names

maica arrane

s; Wild Rice. olds. Use of this speden Balsam. Pof cuts. The leleaves is taken

dingwhip or Bea for colic and

h. A. TRISTIS ridis and A. setables in Jamin, resin and rby Beckwith, tildbirth. For tof whisky. In

; Maroon Lily.etidum, for us

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

1 & 11, by GThornton, ent, U.C.W.lJamaica. Amore than a mall piece ofast is not usment of cold

y their comm

the Caribbeads of one hll be dealt ws of the rele

d in alphabe

Used in Jam

ecies in baths Probably acqeaves are bruin for colds.

Backbone; Cod colds. For th

L. Spanish Caspinosus and maica. Calalu educing sugarto be used forhe latter purp other cases e

The bulb of tse on swelling

ALA

. F. Asprey, B.Sc. (Liver., the use ofmong the pcup of bus

of bread or ased but 'takids and indige

mon names

an and in Afrhundred andwith in detaievant specie

etical order o

maica to prep

and for sore fuired its comised, alone or

lic Weed; Hughe latter purp

alalu. A. VIRIperhaps the is said to be rs. r colds, pain ipose it is madeeither a tea o

this species isgs and sores.

M.Sc., rpool), f local poorer sh‐tea a little ng' or estion

which

rica as d sixty il. The es are

of

are a

feet. mmon r with

g‐me‐pose it

DIS L. third 'good

in the e into or the

s used

ANNO

APOC

ARALI

ASCLE

BIGNO

BORA

CACTA

CAESA

Capaci

ANACARDcombinatithe treatmbaths for fMANGIFERJamaica bare said toSPONDIASboiled for

ONACEAE ANNONA ice‐creamform of a the leavesANNONA and applieANNONA make a sy

CYNACEAE ECHITES Uleg and thVINCA ROSwidespreato containcolds. The

IACEAE ARALIA GUcolds.

EPIADACEAE FUNASTRUbeverage f

ONIACEAE CRESCENTare roaste

AGINACEAE CORDIA Gprepare a HELIOTROthe belly', TOURNEFOand externmake the

ACEAE OPUNTIA make a de

ALPINIOIDEAECAESALPINNicker: Nicare dried atrouble, diC. CORIARacids. Theleaves andto be tonic


IUM OCCIDEon with Dryoment of coldsfever. RA INDICA L. ut the fruit coo be laxative. LS MONBIN L. tea in the tre

MURICATA L. . contains vitapowder was s) is said to indRETICULATA Led to sprains. SQUAMOSA Lrup.

UMBELLATA Jaat it will 'causSEA L. Periwinad reputation n an alkaloid v white variety

UILFOYLEI Cog

UM CLAUSUMfor adults and

TIA CUJETE L. ed, the juice sq

LOBOSA H.B.Ktea as a gene

OPIUM PARVIFand as a washORTIA HIRSUTnally in the trdecoction.

TUNA Mill. Tecoction used E NIA BONDUCcker; Bonduc.and ground aniabetes and hRIA Willd. Divey are astringed stems is simc and antiperi


ww

NTALE L. Caopteris sp.. rat and 'any sic

Mango. It seontains vitamLeaves are useHoq Plum. Thatment of col

Soursop. Theamin C. It has at one time uduce perspiratL. Custard App

L. Sweetsop.

acq. Maroon Wse vomiting if tnkle: Ram Goain the treatmvincarosin why is used for h

gn and March

M (Jacq.) Schld children, and

Calabash. Foqueezed out a

K. Black Sage;ral beverage aFLORUM L. Wh for sore eyeTISSIMA L. Cheatment of co

Tuna: Indian F'to keep away

Roxb. Yellow. Although grend used like cigh blood prei‐divi: Libi‐dibent and are umilarly used anodic.


ashew. Beckwt ears (Peperkness at all'.

eems doubtfumins A. Band Ced in baths. he buds are clds. An infusio

e fruit pulp. w been used asused for dysetion and to beple. In Jamaic

For coughs sw

Weed: Savannthe leg is poisat Rose: Browment of diabetich is a cardiaigh blood pre

h. Aralia. The

eder. Milk Wd as a cold rem

r coughs, coldand taken with

; John Charlesand for colds ild Clary; Doges. It may alsohiqqer Nut; Crolds, coughs a

Fig; Prickly Pey inflammatio

w Nicker: Niey nicker is cocoffee to prepssure. bi. The fruits cused to makend also for sto


with reports omia pellucidCashew leave

ul if this speciC and traces o

chewed and ton of bark and

which is used is a febrifuge aentery. The ple used for coldca the leaves a

weetsop is sa

nah Flower. Itsoned'. wn Man's Fanctes. It is so usac poison. In Jssure.

leaves are use

Wys (Withe). Umedy.

ds and 'to cleh castor oil.

s; Gout Tea. Tand tightnessg's Tail: Sage. be used as a rocus Bush: ?and fever. Bot

ear. The 'leaveon inside'.

cker; Bonduconsidered supare a drink w

contain 30 to a gargle for omach‐ache.

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

the use of da, Kth.) and mes are somet

ies is much uof D. Black ma

the juice swald leaves for oe

in the preparaand the driedlant (probablyds and 'nervesare occasiona

aid to be used

t is used as a

cy; Old Maid. sed in Jamaicaamaica it is a

ed in Jamaica

Used in deco

ean out the w

his species is s in the chest'.Used to makegeneral beverHog Hook. Usth leaves and

es' (stems) of

c. C. BONDUperior, the seehich is though

o 50 per cent sore throat. AThe pod, pow

ALA

cashew leavmaidenhair fetimes used in

used medicinaangoes partic

llowed or theedema.

ation of drinkd unripe fruit iy a tea mades'. ally used beat

d with calaba

poultice for a

This plant enja. The plant ialso used as te

to prepare te

oction as a ge

womb' young

used in Jama. e tea for coldrage. sed both inte stems are us

f tuna are us

CELLA Flem. eds of both spht useful for k

tannin and tA decoction owdered, is also

ves in ern in bush

ally in ularly

ey are

ks and in the from

en up

ash to

a sore

joys a s said ea for

ea for

eneral

fruits

ica to

s, 'for

rnally sed to

sed to

Grey pecies kidney

tannic of the o said

CAPRI

CARIC

CHEN

COMM

COMP

Capaci

CASSIA OBSenegal Caslave, this C. OCCIDECoffee. Thdrink prepmalaria. itprobably uHAEMATOsugar to mastringentTAMARINDmaking oflaxative an

IFOLIACEAE SAMBUCUsaid to be

CACEAE CARICA PAringworm,

NOPODIACEAECHENOPOMexican Tthe well‐k

MELINACEAE COMMELIare mucilaZEBRINA PBed. Anot

POSITAE ARTEMISIA(Salvia serwith pimeBIDENS PIa green vegood for tgeneral beBIDENS REThe shoottroubles. CALEA JAMCHAPTALIATail. Reckoand wind, CHRYSANTDesmodiuCLIBADIUMEMILIA SAparts as a ERIGERONasthma. ERIGERONEUPATORIAgrimony.


BOVATA Collaassia. Stated senna is still sENTALIS L. Whe seeds of thpared from tht is also said used for constOXYLUM CAMmake a drink. Tt for diarrhoeaDUS INDICA Lf sweetmeats,nd to prepare

US SIMPSONII used for coug

APAYA L. Pa, warts. wormE ODIUM AMBRTea; Bitter Wenown anthelm

NA ELEGANS aginous and arPENDULA SClhher mucilagin

A SP, Gardenrotina L.) andnto and starcLOSA L. Spaniegetable or pthe bowels. Teverage. EPTANS (L.) Gts are used i

MAICENSIS L. A NUTANS (Loned an excecolds, convulTHELLUM AMm sp. and MiM SURINAMEAGITTATA (Vageneral beverN BONARIENS

N CANADENSISIUM ODORAT. This is a pop


ww

ad. Jamaica Sto have beensaid to be useild Senna: Dahis species arem has a repto be useful tipation, pain,PECHIANUM The wood anda and dysenteL. Tamarind. , in chutneys a gargle for s

Rehder. Eldeghs, colds, fev

paw. The juims, and in the t

OSIOIDES L.eed; Hedge Mmintic. It is fai

H.B.K. Waterre used to boihnitzl. Red Wous species w

n Bitters. Und salt, for conh for worms ash Needle; Spotherb. It is bTea is prepare

. Don. Marigon decoction

Bee‐Bee. Cold.) Polak. Kemllent diuretic sions; as a driMERICANUM mosa pudica tNSE L. Jackasshl) DC. Consurage and for cIS L. Asthma

S L. Canada FleTUM L. Jack‐inpular plant for


Senna: Port Rn introduced ied here as a suandelion; Stinre dried, beatputation for usfor palpitatio, fever and coL. (Campeachd bark were foery. The pulp of tand to prepasore throat.

er. Naturalizedvers and const

ce is said totreatment of

Semicontra (Mustard. This rly commonly

r Grass. C. LOil tea for colds

Water Gmss; Wwith considera

der Remedy nstipation. woand diarrhoeapanish Nettle.boiled like caed from it an

old; Golden Ras a cold re

d remedy. ma Weed; Danand is used ink for women(L.) Vatke. to induce slees Breadnut. Saumption Weecoughs and coWeed. Said t

eabane; Deadn‐the‐Bush; Bir the prepara


oyal. Dog, Sento Jamaica iubstitute for tnking Weed oten up, and usefulness in kons and high lds. hy) Logwood.ormerly used

the tamarindre a cooling d

d in Jamaica itipation.

o be used foenlarged liver

Semen Contrspecies is they employed in

NGICAULIS Jas and malaria,Wandering Jewable reputatio

for stomachorm weed (Ara. . Sometimes ulalu, occasiond used in the

od; Honeysucmedy and al

ndelion; Whitas such by mn at childbirthStrong Back

ep in case of paid to be useded; Grease Buolds. to be used w

d Weed. Said titter Bush; Artion of a tea

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

enegal. Tripolin the seventethe official senor Wood; Johused as a coffkidney and blablood pressu

The chippedby Jamaican

fruit is useddrink. It is kno

in the cooler

r boils and wr and spleen.

ra); Worm We source of oi Jamaica as a

acq. Water Gr, and as a drinw; Creeping Jn as a cold cu

‐ache and, wrtemisia absin

used in Jamaically with larde treatment o

ckle; McKitty oso used in c

e Back; Heal‐any people. Dh and to provok. Used to ppain. d as a cold remush. Much us

ith Cuscuta sp

to be used as changel; Chrisused as a gen

ALA

i, or Italian Seenth centurynnas. hn Crow Pea:fee substituteadder troubleure. The leave

d bark is usedmedical men

d in Jamaica iown and used

parts, this pl

was also use

Weed; Worm il of chenopovermifuge.

rass. These spnk for babies. Jennie; Rollingure.

with chicken nthium L.) is m

ca, when youd, and is said of worms and

or McCathy Wcases of men

‐I‐and‐Draw; Decoction foroke the menseprepare tea

medy. sed in the co

p. to make te

tea for babiesstmas Rose; Hneral beverag

enna: y by a

Wild e. The es and es are

d with as an

n the d as a

ant is

ed for

Seed; dium,

pecies

g Calf

weed mixed

ng, as to be d as a

Weed. strual

Lion's r colic es. with

ountry

ea for

s. Hemp e and

CONV

CRASS

CUCU

EUPH

FILICIN

Capaci

in the treaEUPATORISw. Bitter to make tea woman aMIKANIA Sthe leavesPARTHENIBastard Fefor fleas oPECTIS SP.PLUCHEA applied toVERNONIAWEDELIA TWeed. Use

VOLVULACEAECUSCUTA beverage been usedIPOMOEA species of

SULACEAE BRYOPHYLcolds.

URBITACEAE CUCURBITJamaica buFEVILLEA CFrom the due to its MOMORDthe fruits parts of thwhich is v(including beverage.

HORBIACEAE CROTON Wis taken asEUPHORBMapempeherbaceouindigestionJATROPHAPHYLLANTthroughougenito‐urinfor gonorrRICINUS Cpurge. It isare tied on

NEAE DRYOPTER


atment of coldIUM TRISTE DBush; Old Wea for constipafter childbirtSPP. Guaco ors is also used tUM HYSTEROeverfew. Counn dogs. . Stink Weed. ODORATA (L. sores and useA DIVARICATATRILOBATA (Led to make teE SPP. Love Wand for colic d in 'some of tDISSECTA (JaIpomoea, cal

LLUM PINNAT

TA PEPO L. Puut there is littCORDIFOLIA Learly days it emetic and puDICA CHARANTof a large vahe plant, eithery bitter, or malaria), foAn infusion o

WILSONIl Gr. Ps tea for coldsIA HIRTA L. Ee; Pempe. E. Lus Euphorbia n. The latex isA CURCAS L. PTHUS NIRURI ut the West Innary infectionrhoea. COMMUNIS L. s also used wn as a cool dre

RIS SP. White


ww

ds. The shootsDC. Bitter Bushoman Bitter Bation and fevth. r Gwaco Bushto bathe the sOPHORUS L. Wntry people u

It is used as a) Cass Riversided for womenA Sw. (Old) MaL.) Hitchc. Wildea for fever an

eed or Bush:in children. Ithe compositiocq.) Pursh. Knled hog meat,

TUM Kurz. Lea

umpkin. The rle evidence ofL. Antidote Cohas had the rurgative propTIA L. Ceraseeariety also beiher dry or frein some case

or stomach‐aof cerasee alon

Pepper Rod; D. E. HYPERICIFOLASIOCARPA species are

s made into a hysic Nut. It isL. Carry‐me

ndies and in Ins and, in Jam

Castor Oil Plawith Capsicumessing for a he

Stick. Said to


s are boiled toh; Old WomaBush; Hemp Aer and, boiled

h. Guaco bushskin for itch orWild Wormwse it to prepa

a tea for feverde Tobacco: Wn in labour. an Bitter Bushd or Running nd colds.

Dodder; Helt enjoyed a rons of the shonow You. Said, is said to be

af of Life. The

reputation off their use. ocoon; Segra reputation in erties), a woue. One of the ming used espesh and free oes to make anche, constipane or with Bid

Doctor John; ?

OLIA L. E. HYKlotzsh. E. PRused in a sdressing for cs used in Jamae‐seed; Quinndia as a rem

maica. in comb

ant. Castor oil leaves as a deadache.

be used for co


o make the tean Bitter BushAgrimony. Red with Vernon

h is used as a r the fresh leawood: Dog‐fleaare a decoctio

.Wild Tobacco;

h; Fleabane. It Marigold; Go

l Weed; Devieputation as ops'. d to be used aused as a pou

e leaves of th

f pumpkin see

Seed; NhandJamaica as a

und dressing amost widely uecially by theof large fruits infusion. Theation in childdens reptans i

?John Charles

YSSOPIFOLIA ROSTRATA A.Hsimilar mannecuts. aica as a purgine Weed. T

medy for feverbination with

l is used in thedressing for b

olds and as a g

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

a.; Hemp Agrimported the usia arborescen

cold remedy aves are merela Weed; Whion for colds a

Sweet‐scente

is used as a teld Cup; Creep

l's Guts. Tea a diuretic and

as a cathartic.ultice.

his succulent a

eds as a verm

iroba. The sen antidote foand a useful bused medicinae Chinese in cs are used to e tea is used fdren, and ass used for me

s. Beckwith sta

L.. Spurge; MH.K. It is posser to make t

ative. This plant isrs. It is also somilk weed, it

e usual mannoils. and the l

general panac

ALA

mony. E. VILLOse of these spns (L.) Sw., to

and a decoctily rubbed on. itehead; Mugnd to make a

ed Fleabane.

ea for colic. ping Ox‐eye; W

used as a ged laxative and

. An undeterm

are much use

mifuge is know

eeds are purgor poison (proitter. al herbs of Jamcooking. The make a decofor colds and s a general enstrual troub

ates that this

Milk Weed orsible that all tea for colds

s commonly ometimes uset is said to be

er, in Jamaicaleaves of the

cea.

OSUM pecies bathe

ion of

gwort; a bath

To be

Water

eneral d had

mined

ed for

wn in

ative. obably

maica, aerial oction fever tonic les.

plant

r Tea; these s and

used ed for good

a. as a plant

GESN

GRAM

LABIA

LAURA

LILIAC

LOGA

LORAN

Capaci

POLYPODIERIACEAE

GESNERIARYTIDOPHcolds.

MINEAE CENCHRUSfever, coldCYMBOPOroots is stiCYNODONthe Island,used in the

ATAE HYPTIS PEsuaveolencolds and HYPTIS SUdisorders indigestionMENTHA Vand is userum for stMICROMEfor stomacMICROMEsays that iOCIMUM beverage. OCIMUM similar maSALVIA SEbeverage up', as ancomplaint

ACEAE CINNAMOdrink whicPERSEA AMthought tolow blood

CEAE ALLIUM SAboth adultALOE VULaccount opeasant mSMILAX BAparts of thBritain and

NIACEAE SPIGELIA Aworms, es

NTHACEAE


UM EXIGUUM

SP. Rock BusHYLLUM TOM

S SPP. Burr Gds and vomitinOGON CITRATUill a favourite N DACTYLON , at least, a tee Transvaal by

ECTINATA (L.) s. The juice oheadaches, asUAVEOLENS (and it seemsn (alone or wiVIRIDIS L. Gared as a generaomach‐ache aERIA BROWNEch pains. ERIA VIMINEAt is used withMICRANTHUMFor fever andBASILICUM L.anner to the wEROTINA L. Cfor colic, bilion applications such as ecze

OMUM ZEYLAch may also beMERICANA Mo be 'good forpressure. The

ATIVUM L. Gats and childreLGARIS Lam. Aof. Its unpleasmedicine. A smALBISIANA Kthhe plants whicd India. It was

ANTHELMIA specially in sm


ww

M Hew. Hug‐m

h. Being in useENTOSUM M

Grass. This speng. US (DC.) Stapftreatment forPers. Bahamaea made by boy Europeans f

Poit, Piaba. Uf the plant is s a drink for a(L.) Poit. Spiks likely that iith Cissus sicyoden Mint: Blaal beverage aand vomiting.EI (Sw.) Benth

(L.) Urb. Pepginger to maM Willd. Wildd pain the dec. Barsley. Thiswild species. Chicken Weedousness. consto scratches

ema.

NICUM Breyne taken on corill. Avocado or the blood'. Te tea is also us

arlic. Garlic trn. The plant hAloes; Sempesant smell anmall piece of thh. China Root.ch are used. Ss formerly imp

L. Pink Root;mall children.


me‐tight. Used

e to induce peMart. Search‐m

ecies appears

f. Fever Grassr colds and feva or Bermudaoiling the roofor indigestion

Used to prepaused for sorea woman in labkenard: Pig Nit is still in uoides) and forack or Sweet mand for stoma h. Pennyroyal

permint. Beckke tea for colid Barsley: Mocoction is takes plant in add

d or Bitters: stipation, feves, especially

n. Cinnamon. rn meal porridor Alligator PeaThis may perhased as a drink

rash is sometihas been useder Vivum (Simnd bitter tasthe leaf is boile. S. ORNATA HSarsaparilla is ported from C

Worm Gras


d in a bath for

erspiration in my‐heart. Use

s to be used t

s; Lemon Grasvers. a Grass; Dog'sots is thought n and wounds

are tea for stos and cuts. Thbour, and as aNut. Being ose for stomar ‘a fluttering mint. Tea is prach trouble. It

(Pennyrial).T

kwith, identifyic. osquito Bush,en as a drink aition to its us

Wild Sage. Uer and for thefor a baby.

Boiling watedge. It is said tar. The leavesaps be interprk for colds and

imes used to d medicinally fmple or Sinklete the plant ied to make teHook. Jamaicaofficial and o

Central Americ

s; Indian Pin

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

'female weak

fever. ed as a gene

to some exten

s. A decoction

s Tooth Grassto be good fo.

omach‐ache, she tea is also san appetizer. f use in nerch‐ache (see heart'. repared by inft is sometime

he leaves are

ying this spec

, Wild Basil. nd also as a be in cooking,

Used to makee blood'. It is It may also

er poured on to be good fos are boiled toreted to meand as a lotion fo

make a drinkfrom early tim Bible). Despis much esteea for biliousnen Sarsaparillaoccurs in the pca via Jamaica

k; Pink Weed

ALA

kness'.

eral drink an

nt to make te

n of the leave

s. In some paor the kidneys

sometimes wsaid to be goo

rvous and visH. pectinata

fusion or decoes used with g

e used to mak

cies as pepper

Used as a gebath. it is employe

e tea as a gealso used, 'rube used for

to them maor the stomacho make tea whn for anaemiaor pains.

k which is givmes. ite, or perhaemed in Jamess and coldsa. The roots arpharmacopoea.

d. This is use

nd for

ea for

es and

rts of s. It is

ith H. od for

sceral a) and

oction gin or

ke tea

rmint,

eneral

d in a

eneral ubbed r skin

kes a h. hich is a or of

ven to

ps on maican . re the eias of

ed for

LYTHR

MALV

MELA

MELIA

MENIS

MIMO

MORA

MYRIS

MYRT

OCHN

PALM

PAPA

Capaci

ORYCTANTPHTHIRUSmistletoespressure.

RACEAE CUPHEA Pmake tea a

VACEAE GOSSYPIUJamaica adecoction HIBISCUS Jamaica todecoction ginger andMALVASTRin the stom

ASTOMACEAE CLIDEMIA MICONIA and itch an

ACEAE SWIETENIAin decoctioused as te

ISPERMACEAECISSAMPEJamaica pr

OSOIDEAE MIMOSA and AwakDesmodiu

ACEAE ARTOCARPleaves in cCECROPIAand is said

STICACEAE MYRISTICAis given to

TACEAE PIMENTA which is ureputation

NACEAE SAUVAGESwas at onused for a

MAE COCOS NUfor tbe bla

VERACEAE ARGEMONThis plant


THUS OCCIDESA PAUCIFLORs a drink is pre

PARSONIA R. and to be use

M SPP. Cottnd it is probfor colds. SABDARIFFA o make a drof the fleshy

d wine or rumRUM COROMmach.

HIRTA D. DonLAEVIGATA Dnd in bush bat

A MAHOGONons for diarrha and as a batE ELOS PAREIRArincipally to m

PUDICA L. Shke; Sensitive m sp. and Ach

PUS INCISA Lcases of high bA PELTATA L. Td to be a sover

A FRAGRANS women in lab

DIOICA L. (Mused in Jaman for the relief

SIA BROWNEIe time used iweak back, a

UCIFERA L. Coadder.

NE MEXICANAis used for co


ww

NTALIS Eichl. RA Eichl. Mistepared which

BI. Milk Weed with marigo

on; White Coable that all

L. (Red, Frenrink which is y calyces and added. ANDELIANUM

n. Indian CurraC. Chicken Neths.

I Jacq. Mahogoea. as a bitteth.

A L. Velvet Lemake tea for co

ame Weed; SPlant. The

hyranthes indi

. Breadfruit. Tblood pressureTrumpet Treereign remedy

Houtt. Nutmebour.

MERR.). Pimenaica in the prf of stomach‐a

I Planch. Stron the West In little tea bein

conut. Cocon

A L. Mexican Polds, especially


God Bush: Sctletoe; Scorn‐is said to be

ed: Strong Baold for menstr

otton Bush. are similarly

nch or Indianreputed to the ovary wi

M Garcke. Mal

ant Bush: Soaet: Indian Cur

gany. The barer and febrifu

eaf or Bush; olds.

Shut Weed; Sroot. particuica is used to

The belief in e is widesprea: Snake Woodfor a sore thr

eg. It is officia

nto, Allspice. Treparation ofache and pain

ong Back: Ironndies in casesng taken daily

ut water, a fa

Poppy or Thisty in children. T


orn‐the‐Earth‐the‐Earth. Frof use for fev

ack. Said to brual pain.

A number ofemployed. T

n) Sorrel: Afrbe cooling aithout the see

llow: ?Broomw

p Bush. Said trant Bush; Joh

rk is said to bge. For colds

False Pareira‐

Shama; Shamularly in commake tea for

the efficacy ad in Jamaicad. A decoctionroat and hoars

al in the pharm

This species pf the liqueur nful menstrua

n Shrub. This s of irritation y.

avourite drink

tle: Prickly PopThe seeds, in

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

h; Mistletoe. rom the leaveer and pains,

be mixed with

f GossypsiumThe leaves ar

rican Mallow.nd diuretic. eds and may

weed. Report

to be used to hnny Berry. U

e astringent aand fevers, a

‐brava. The s

a Lady (manymbination witcolds.

of a tea mad. n of the leaveseness.

macopoeias.

produces the pimento dration.

species, whicof the bladde

of Jamaicans,

ppy; Gambogea dose of one

ALA

es of a numband for high

h Euphorbia s

m species occre used to m

. Sorrel is usIt is a sweetbe flavoured

ted its use for

make tea. Use of this for

and has beenleaf decoctio

shoots are us

y variations); th plants suc

de from brea

es is used for

Powdered nu

well‐known m. This has

ch is mucilagier. In Jamaica

, is said to be

e or Yellow The to five, were

ber of blood

sp. to

cur in ake a

sed in tened d with

pains

sores

used n was

sed in

Dead ch as

dfruit

colds

utmeg

spice, some

nous, a, it is

good

histle. e used

PAPIL

PASSI

PHYTO

PIPER

PLANT

RHAM

RUBIA

RUTA

Capaci

by the couoil obtaine

LIONATEAE ABRUS PRVine; Lick substituteCAJANUS food in JamSTYLOSANVISCOSA Susing them

IFLORACEAE PASSIFLORtea which PASSIFLORThis plant a lame foo

OLACCACEAE PETIVERIAgarlic and The plant headaches

RACEAE PEPEROMBush; ShinPIPER AMAa decoctioand good ffruits provPIPER NIGthe twigs also takenbeverage. PIPER UMor with oth

TAGINACEAE PLANTAGOeye lotion

MNACEAE GOUANIA as flavouri

ACEAE BORRERIAWeed or BMORlNDAdistricts thbe good fo

CEAE CITRUS Ahouseholdlittle wateCITRUS AUOranqe. AThe juice o


untry people fed from the se

ECATORlUS L Weed. The for true liquoCAJAN Millspmaica while thNTHES HAMATSw. Poor Manm medicinally

RA FOETIDA L.is said to be 'RA SEXFLORA is used for coot or a stiff ne

A ALLICAEA L. the meat andcontains muss.

IA PELLUCIDAnv Bush. This pALGO L. Joint on for flatulenfor dropsy, anvide an alternaGRINODUM C.are boiled, th

n for pains and

BELLATUM L. her cold bush

O MAJOR L. E.

LUPULOIDES ing for ginger

A LAEVIS (LamBush. Said to bA ROYOC L. Rehe root is usedor the blood.

URANTIFOLIAd medicine. Asr. URANTIUM LA decoction ofof sour orange


ww

for diarrhoea eeds is used a

. Red Bead Viroot has lonorice. In Jamai. Gungo (Conhe leaves are TA Taub. Don's Friend. It is . It is used In J

. Love‐in‐a‐Migood for the kJuss. Duppy

olds, either alock.

Guinea Hen Wd milk of cattlestard oil. The

A Kunth. Peppplant is used aWood: Peppence and serve nd that the leaative to commDC. Jointer Bhe resulting dd the tea, wit

Cow or Colt'ses.

nglish Plantai

Urb. Chew orbeer.

m.) Griseb. Bube used to maed Gal: Yaw Wd with sarsap

A Swingle. Lims a beverage,

. Sweet Oranf orange leavees is used for


and dysenteras a substitute

ne: John Crowng been usedica the plant ingo) Pea: Pigesometimes usnkey Weed: P possible thatJamaica for ki

ist: Granadillakidneys' Pumpkin: Baone or with Ci

Weed: Strong e feeding on ileaves are ru

per Elder (Peas a tea for a ler Elder. The y as a tonic foaves and shoomercial peppeush: Black Joidecoction beinh ginger adde

s Foot. For co

in. The juice o

r Chaw Stick.

utton Weed oake tea for conWeed; Duppy arilla and chin

me. Considerand for colds

nqe. C. VULGes or peel is colds and sor


ry. It is reputee for castor oil

w Beads; Crabd in India, Afs said to be ueon or No‐eyesed to make tencil Flower: t these speciedney trouble.

a. The dry plan

t Wing; Goatissampelos pa

Man's Weed.t acquire a veubbed up and

epper Helda); oose cough.young stem anr the blood. Tots were usedr. int (Giant); Blng used as a ed, is used for

olds this plant

of the baked l

Chew Stick is

or Bush. B. VEnstipation. Poison; Yellona root to ma

able use is m, tea is made

GARIS Risso. Sused for stome throat.

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

d that in the i'.

b's Eyes; Wild rica and the sed for constie Pea. The seeea for colds. Lady's Fingers are not dist

nt is used in so

t or Duck Fooareiras and as

This plant haery disagreeabsniffed or tie

Rat Ears; Ra

nd leaves of tThe root is sud in baths and

ack Jointer. Ftea and for ar stomach‐ach

is made into

eaf or a deco

s still in use as

ERTICILLATA (

w Ginger; Strake a tonic wh

made of the by boiling a fe

Seville, Biller, mach‐ache and

ALA

island of Nevi

Liquorice; iquWest Indies

ipation. eds are a favo

rs; Cheesy Toinguished by

ome parts to

ot; Passion Fla plaster for s

as a strong smble smell and ed on the hea

atta Temper;

his species prdorific, diaphofomentations

For fever and a bath. The bhe and as a ge

a tea, either

oction is used

s a toothbrus

(1.) Meyer. B

rong Back. In hich is suppos

lime in Jamew lime leave

Sour or Biqd as a bitter

s 'the

uorice as a

ourite

oes. S. those

make

ower. sores,

mell of taste. ad for

Silver

rovide oretic s. The

colds ath is eneral

alone

as an

h and

utton

some sed to

maican es in a

arade tonic.

SAPIN

SIMAR

SOLAN

STERC

TILIAC

TURN

UMBE

URTIC

VERBE

Capaci

NDACEAE BLIGHIA SAfor pains.

RUBACEAE PICRAENAJamaican QPICRAMNIBush; Bittepreparatio

NACEAE CAPSICUMcondimentas a dressbabies. DATURA Trumpets.infections.SOLANUMpounded wSOLANUMSousumbavegetable indiscriminSOLANUMuse in Jamaperient. for inflamm

CULIACEAE COLA ACUJamaica foboiled likechocolate HELICTEREbitter, a teMELOCHIAWALTHER

CEAE CORCHORboiling witTRIUMFETto check b

NERACEAE TURNERA Ram‐goat;beverage a

ELLIFERAE ERYNGIUMcolds and

CACEAE PILEA MICJamaica th

ENACEAE LANTANA INVOLUCR


APIDA KoenigIt is also said t

A EXCELSA LinQuassia of comIA ANTIDESMer Wood; Honon of home re

M SPP. includits in the tropsing for boils

STRAMONIUM. This well‐kno.

M ACULEATISSwith lime juiceM MAMMOSUa; Turkey Berreaten with

nately and maM NIGRUM L. maica as a greIn Africa and mation. The p

UMINATA Schoor stomach pae coffee or tand it is consES JAMAICENSea is made forA TOMENTOSAIA AMERICAN

US SILIQUOSUth Piper umbeTTA SPP. Bur Wbleeding and t

ULMIFOLIA L.; Holly or Sagand cold reme

M FOETIDUM fits in children

CROPHYLLA Lhis plant is sai

CAMARA L. RATA L. Wild


ww

g. Akee. In somthat in Jamaic

dl. Jamaica Qmmerce.

MA Sw. Maioenduras Bark; Cemedies. It is s

ing C. FRUTESics. In Jamaicawhile one le

M L. Thorn own drug plan

SIMUM Jacq. e and used foUM L. Sou8ury. Under the salt fish. It ade into a tea Branched Calen vegetable Jamaica the lplant is also em

ott and Endl.ains and as a taken with stidered to allaySIS Jacq. Corkr biliousness.A L. Tea Bush;NA L. Raichie. T

US L. Broom Wellatum is sweWeed or Busho heal cuts.

. Ram‐goat Dage Rose. The ledy in all part

L. Fit Weed on. The plant is

iebm. Wild Td to provide r

Wild Sage: WSage; Wild M


me parts of Jaca tea made w

Quassia: Bitte

e Bitters: MaCascara Amarsaid to make a

SCENS L. Birda the leaves aaf boiled in a

Apple; Trimont is used to s

Cockroach Por ringworm, tumba; Mackname of souseems proba which is usedlalu; Guma; Band potherb.leaves have, omployed for t

Cola (Kola); Bpurge when ptrong rum. Ay hunger. kscrew; Screw

; Raichie. UseThis plant pro

Weed: Slippeeetened with sh. Use of the

ash Along, Ramleaves of this ts of Jamaica w

or Bush; Spiris also rubbed

Thyme (Tim); relief in cases

White Sage. Mint. L. TRIF


amaica akee lewith the leave

er Wood; Bitte

cary or Old Wrga. This planta good tea for

d Pepper. Capare commonlya little water

ona; Jimson some extent i

oison. In somhe treatment aw Bush; Tusumba tr.e bable that thed chiefly as a cBlack Nightsha. It is said to bor have had, reatment of f

Bissy (Bichy, Bpoison is suspA little cola is

w Tree. With t

d to make teaovides a tea fo

ery Bur. For cosugar. fresh scraped

m‐goat Nationspecies, boile

where the pla

t Weed. A deon the body f

Baby Puzzleof asthma.

L. CROCEA JOLIA L. Wild

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

eaves are boils is used for c

er Ash. The w

Woman's Bittt is still in user a teething ba

psicum fruits y used with vais thought to

or Jamestowin Jamaica for

me parts of Jaappearing to urkey Berry. erries of bothe leaves of bcold remedy. ade.This plantbe good for tha reputation aevers of vario

Busy) Nut. Colpected. The ns sometimes

the wood and

a for colds. r colds.

olds and asth

d root with or

nal, Ram‐goated to make tent can be fou

ecoction of thfor fainting fit

; Lace Plant;

acq. Wild SaSage: Goat

ALA

led to make acolds.

wood provide

ter; Tom Bone in Jamaica foaby.

are much usaseline or casto increase uri

wn Weed; Dr asthma and

amaica the pl be successfuS. TORVUM

h species provboth are coll

t has long behe blood and as a local anoous kinds.

la nuts are usuts are grateadded to co

d leaves, whic

ma a tea ma

r without cam

t Rational, Natea, are a favond.

he plant is usets and convuls

Artillery Pla

ge: Black SagWeed. It is h

a 'rub'

es the

ntrin's or the

ed as tor oil ine in

Devils' sinus

ant is l.

M Sw. vide a ected

een in as an odyne

sed in d and ountry

ch are

de by

mphor

tional ourite

ed for sions.

nt. In

ge. L. highly

VITAC

ZINGI

ZYGO

4.3.2

The m

•

•

•

•

•

•

Capaci

probable indiscriminLIPPIA ALBGuinea Mcommonlyand flatulePRIVA LAPbe used alSTACHYTAalone or dysmenor

CEAE CISSUS SICYaws Bushand rubbetaken andwith sarsa

IBERACEAE ZINGIBER commerceJamaica, a

PHYLLACEAE GUAIACUMwere at owhich, in 'bellyacheTRIBULUS Buckra. Inbladder in

Source

._Plants sold

most sold me

DIANTHEcalled gar

CINNAMOJamaican

CANELLAWhitewocommon

MYRISTICcommerc

PIMENTAspice

PICRAENAthe Jama


that leaves nately to makBA (Mill.) N.E

Mint; ?Cat Miny made into aence. PPULACEA L. Cone or with liARPHETA JAMwith castor rhoea.

CYOIDES L. Puh; Bastard Bryed with casto the leaves mparilla, Morin

OFFICINALE e now used malone or with M

M OFFICINALEone time officJamaica, is s' and as an apCISTOIDES L Jamaica this fections. e: Medicinal p

d in the mar

edicinal plan

RA PECTORArden balsamOMUM ZEYLn markets. WINTERANood Bark; Caly sold in theCA FRAGRANce. A DIOICA L. (

A EXCELSA Lican Quassia


ww

of the abovke a tea as a coE.Br. ex Brittont; Cullen Mitea to provid

Clammy Bur; Rquorice to ma

MAICENSIS Vaoil provides

dding Wys (Wyony; Scratch or oil, providemay be used asnda royoc, chin

Rosc. Gingermainly as a spiMomordica ch

E L. Lignum Vicially includedsoaked in rumpplication to cL. Jamaica or plant is used

plants of Jama

ket

ts in local m

ALIS Murr. and is sold iLANICUM Bre

NA Gaertin. anella; Falsee markets of NS Houtt. Nu

MERR.). Pim

indl. Jamaicaa of commerc


ve species ofold and fever on & P.Wilsoint.). The leade a drink whi

Rattle Weed; ake tea for cohl. Vervain (Vs a remedy

Withe); Snake Wys. The leae a plaster fos snuff to reliena root and D

r. The rhizomice but formeharantia, as a

itae: Pockwood in the pharm and used cuts and bruiseKingston Bufor colds and

aica [10]. Und

arkets are:

Fresh Cut; Gin the markeeyn. Cinnam

(= G. alba e Winter's Jamaica andutmeg. This

mento: Allspi

a Quassia: Bice.


f Lantana, toremedy. on (sin. LIPPves are usedich is also con

Styptic Bur; Vlds. Vervine, Verrfor colds, 'c

Withe (Wys) ves, choppedr boils and beve a headachDesmodium su

me ('root') oferly much usecarminative a

od Tree. The wrmacopoeias. as a gargle fes. ttercup; Policd malaria, and

erlined: plant

Garden Balsets as a cold on. Cinnamo

Sw.) Wild CBark. The bd, soaked in rplant produ

ce. This spec

itter Wood; B

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

ogether with

PIA GEMINATAd either dry onsidered valua

Velvet Bur. Sa

ryvine). A mocleaning the

or Bush; Wild and mixed wruises. For cohe. As a tonic pinum.

f this speciesd in medicineand digestive

wood and resGum guaiacufor sore thro

ce Macca; Tud also apparen

with importa

sam. In Trinremedy. on twigs and

Cinnamon: Wbark of Canrum. ces the nutm

cies produce

Bitter Ash. T

ALA

others, are

A Kth. Colic or fresh. Theable for indige

aid, by Beckwi

orning drink esystem', an

d Yarn; Mary with fat or 'quolds a decoctc the stern is b

s is the ginge. Ginger is usstimulant.

sin (gum guaiaum is a hard oat, as a drin

urkey Blossomntly for kidne

ant use.

idad this pl

d leaves are s

White Cinnaella wintera

meg and ma

es the well‐k

The wood pro

used

Mint: ey are estion

th, to

either d for

Bush; uailed' ion is boiled

ger of sed in

acum) resin

nk for

m; Kill y and

ant is

sold in

amon; ana is

ace of

known

ovides

For thhas bunde

AccorGeneinclud

PimeimpoTotalearneexpo1.410

Minosomepimecusta

Non‐fsarsa

Impo(Bligh(Myri

Non‐tand h

Both hot pprodu

Thereyearsnumbbe su

5._Ex

4.1._

APL ‐

UFAL

Capaci

he internatiobeen the firsrstory plant

rding to a Fetic Resourcede sugar, ba

nto (Pimentrtant foreign exports foed US $ 5 mrted 264.560.484 US $.

or PGRFA ince aromatic anto. And alsard apple (An

food biodiveparilla (Smila

orted PGRFA hia sapida), istica fragran

traditional ehorticultural

native and ipepper, gingeucts.

e is an increas. Many valber of agro‐pupported and

xisting organ

_Brazil

Arranjos Pro

L ‐ Universida


onal market,st producer in the forest

FAO report oes for Foodnana, coffee

ta dioica): Tn exchange er whole pimmillion in 2060 kg of Pim

clude native nd medicinao some fruitnnona reticul

ersity includax sp.) and c

also make ubreadfruit (Ans), turmeric

exports includcrops.

mported mier, turmeric,

asing awarelue‐added fprocessors hd encouraged

nisations

odutivos Loc

ade Federal d


ww

, Jamaica is eand exportet [17].

on plant gend and Agricue, cocoa, citru

This crop isearner. Sevemento, pime006. Accordimento (allsp

plants used al plants couts and vegetalata), sweets

des many mchainy (chane

up part of thArtocarpus inc (Curcuma lo

de herbs, sp

nor PGRFA m, pimento). T

ness of the iood, nutrachave developd.

cais. APL Hor

de Alagoas.


exporting Smer of Zingibe

netic resourulture (PGRFus, coconut a

s importantral value‐addento leaf aning to Jamapice), dried,

mainly to suld be highliables havingsop (Annona

edicinal plaey, china) ro

he domestic ncisa), cinnaonga), etc.

ices (includi

make up theThese are ex

importance ceutical andped in this pe

rticultural Ala


milax sp. to Uer officinale

rces for agriFA), being aand pimento

t for domesded productnd berry oilsica Export Acrushed or

upply the doghted: hot pg medicinal ua squamosa),

nts such as ot (Smilax ba

market: gingamon (Cinnam

ng ginger an

non‐traditioxported as fr

of PGRFA in medicinal eriod using l

agoas. APL F

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

United Statefor long tim

culture [24],also the mao (Pimenta d

stic consums are also sos, liquors, jeAssociation, ground, wi

omestic marpepper (Capsuses: guava ( coconut (Co

ramoon (Tralbisiana).

ger (Zingibermomum zey

d turmeric),

onal export mesh produce

the countryproducts aocal PGRFA

itoterápicos.

ALA

es of Americame, growing

, the major ajor export dioica).

mption and old internatioerk seasoninin 2006, Jaith FOB Val

rket, among sicum sp.), h(Psidium guaocos nucifera

rophis racem

r officinale), ylanicum), nu

fruits, veget

market (eg. ae and value‐a

y over the land an increand this nee

.

a, and as an

Plant crops,

as an onally. ng etc maica ue of

these hemp, ajava), a).

mosa),

ackee utmeg

tables

ackee, added

st ten easing eds to

ANVI

Cent

UNIC

UNIA

Capaci

SA ‐ Agência

tro Pluridisci

CAMP ‐ Unive

ARARAS ‐ Inst


a Nacional de

plinar de Pes

ersity of Cam

tituição atua


ww

e Vigilância S

squisas Quím

mpinas.

nte na produ


Sanitária

micas, Biológ

ução, preser


icas e Agríco

rvação e tran

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

olas (CPQBA)

nsmissão de c

ALA

) ‐ UNICAMP

conhecimentos

3.2._

INBio

MIREperm

5.3._

BTC ‐manaBotanplantProdu CASE FD ‐ F LFMC MOA NCU‐ SRC‐ UWI‐ Apart[24]:

•

•

Capaci

_Costa Rica

o – Instituto N

ENEM ‐ Minismits.

_Jamaica

‐ The Biotecages a medicnical Gardent collection auction and d

‐ College of A

Forestry Dep

C ‐ Local Fore

A‐ Ministry of

‐ Northern Ca

Scientific Re

‐ University o

t from these

Masters agriculturbiodivers

There is educationdifferent Jamaicanwords.


Nacional de

stry of Natur

hnology Cencinal plant gns (over 100and is involvissemination

Agriculture a

partment (sta

est Managem

f Agriculture

aribbean Un

esearch Instit

of the West I

e institution

programs anre genetic resity managema need to enal training topics such

n wildlife, M


ww

Biodiversida

ral Resources

ntre, UWI. Mgene bank at0 species). Tved with DNn of Jamaican

and Science E

atutory body

ment Commit

.

iversity

tute

ndies

s, some are

nd certified cesources, mment, policy encourage tmaterial esas Food Croedicinal Plan


ad.

s, Energy and

Medicinal Plat the CentreThe MPRG aNA fingerprin medicinal

Education

y)

ttee (affiliate

as that need

courses deveedicinal planand planningthe productipecially for ops of Jamants of Jamai


d Mines. Aut

ant Researche and a medalso managenting and nplant monog

ed with the F

d increased

eloped arounts, ethnobog on a needson of biodivthe primaryica, Uses maica, etc. wit

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

thorisation o

h Group ‐ Thicinal tree gs an active atural produgraphs.

FD)

institutional

nd a theme otany, touriss basis. versity‐relatey schools sucade on Jamah lots of pic

ALA

of bioprospec

his research grove at the in vitro meduct develop

l capacity ar

such as foosm, water, w

ed and foodch as Readeaican biodivectures and s

ction

group Hope dicinal ment.

re the

od and waste,

d‐crop ers on ersity, simple

6._SW

Comp

Count

Brazil

Alago

Costa Rica Jamaic

C

CJ

Brazil

Piper aIlex paCosta

Piper aJamaic

Piper a

Capaci

WOT analyse

parative betw

try Area

8.516.00km2

oas 27.765km2

51.032km2

ca 10.991km2

Table 1Country Brazil

Alagoas

Costa Rica Jamaica

Brazil Alagoas

Costa Rica Jamaica

and Capsicum araguarensis Rica

and Capsicum ca

and Capsicum


es

ween countr

Table 9. DPopulat

00 191.765.5

5 3.057.00(2007)

2 4.800.00

1 2.687.20

HDI

10. Share of Agriculture

5,9% 7,3%

7,2% 5,6%

SSugar cane,

BananSugar cane,

Table 12

09 C

W


ww

ries

Demographicion Pop

de(peo

567

00 )

00

00

: Human develo

f Gross domeIndustry27,9%36,9%

28,7%22,6%

Table 11. MaMain crops

Soya, Sugar canTobacco, Cottona, Coffee, Sugabananas, CoffeCitrus, Cocoa

*Allspic

. Exports of

Coffee, tea, mat

6.046.077 Net expo

Loser in growin349.875 U101.580 U313.924 UNet expo

Loser in growin1.593 US22.977 UNet expo

Winner in grow2.784 US


ic features ofpulation ensity ople/m2) 23

89

248

opment index (

estic producty Manuf

16

209,

ain agricultu

ne on, Eucalyptus ar cane ee, Pimento*

ce (Pimenta off

medicinal an

te and spices

US$ rter ng sector US$ US$ US$ rter ng sector S$ US$ rter

wing sector S$


f each countPopulatio

below 15 yeof age26,4%

26,0%

30,0%

(ranking out of

t (GDP) of eafacturing6,6%

0,3% ,2%

ural productExp

Soya beSuga

BananaSugar, rhum,

ficinalis)

nd aromatic1211 Pla

and frperfumer

fu

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

try in 2012 n ears

Rupopu

16,

35(20

36,

48

186)

ach country iServices66,2% 55,8% (Beach tourism) 64,1% 71,7%

s ported produceans, raw sugarr, alcohol, tobas, coffee, sugarbananas, coffecitrus, cocoa

c products nts and parts oruits, of a kind ry, medicamenngicidal or sim

11.739 Net impo

2.377 UNet expo

663 UNet expo

ALA

ural ulation

H

,3%

5 % 007)

Wo

co,8%

8%

in 2008 Total US$ 1.641.164

0,7% of Brazieconomy

32.104 12.985

cts r, cane acco r, beef ee, pimento*

of plants, incl. sused primarily

nts or for insectmilar purposes US$ orter

US$ orter

US$ orter

HDI

85

orst in the ountry 62

85

il

seeds y in ticidal,

CapaciHerb


ww



KA2‐CBY‐ACPAALA

Count

Brazil

Alago

Capaci

Table 1

try Presenw

oas Artemisia Bidens pillBixa orellaCymbopogcitratus Datura strDesmodiuascendensEryngium fLippia albaMentha puMentha spPassiflora Psidium guSchinus terebinthifSenna alatSmilax sypTanacetumTurnera diUrtica dioiVanilla plaVitex agnu


13. Most imp

t in the ild

W

vulgaris losa ana gon

ramonium m s foetidum a ulegium picata alata uajava

folius ta philitica m vulgare iffusa ica anifolia us‐castus

AbAnoccAnarvDaHypLyceriNoadaPiloRemSidobt


ww

portant med

Wild collected

murana cearensiacardium cidentale emopaegma vense villa rugosa ptis lutescens chnophora coides orantea amantium ocarpus jaborandmijia ferrugineaderoxylon tusifolium


dicinal and a

d Cultiva

Achillea millefoliumCymbopogocitratus Foeniculum vulgare Matricaria chamomillaMelissa offiPlantago mRosmarinusofficinalis Ruta graveoTaraxacum officinale Thymus vulg

is

di

Catharantusroseus Melia azedaRicinus comSambucus n


romatic spec

ated

on

a cinalis ajor s

olens

garis

s

arach mmunis nigra

AlliumAloe vAlpiniaBeta sCinnamzeylanCitrus Citrus CymboEucalyEugenFoenicHyptisJusticiLepidiLippiaMatricMelissMenthNartuOcimuPeumuPhyllaPimpinPsidiuSambuSchinuSolanuStryphbarbaZingib

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

cies in each c

Used

m sativumvera a speciosa sp. momum nicum limon sinensis opogon citratus yptus globulus nia uniflora culum vulgare s pectinata ia pectoralis um sp. sidoides caria chamomillasa officinalis ha sp. rtium officinale um gratissimum us boldus nthus nururi nella anisum m guajava ucus australis us terebinthifoliusum paniculatum hnodendron timan er officinale

ALA

country

Marke

Aniba roseBauhinia fortificata Calendula officinalis Citrus sp. Cordia verbCoriandrumsativum Cymbopogcitratus Equisetum hyemale Eucalyptusglobulus Geranium sJasminum sLavandula Matricaria chamomillaMentha spMentha x pPilocarpus Pimpinella Ruta graveStevia rebaVetiveria zizanioides

a

s

eted

adora

benacea m

on

s

sp. sp. sp.

a icata piperita sp. anisum eolens audiana

Coun

CostaRica

Capaci

ntry Presenw


nt in the wild

W

BudCecCepipeCosCymEquEryJatgosJusLipLipMochaNePasquaPlaPsiQuSenSmTraUnUre


ww

Wild collected

ddleia americanacropia obtusifoliaphaelis ecacuanha stus spicatus mbopogon citratuuisetum bogotensyngium foetidumthropa ssypiifolia sticia pectoralis pia alba pia graveolens omordica arantia urolaena lobatassiflora adrangularis antago major dium guajava assia amara nna reticulata milax sp. adescantia zebrincaria tomentosaera baccifera


d Cultiv

aa

us se

na

Aloe veraCarica papaCitrus auraCoriandrumsativum Cupressus lusitanicusCymbopogocitratus Eryngium foHibiscus saLippia albaLippia gravMatricaria chamomillaMentha spiOcimum baPimenta guatemalenPsycotria ipecacuanhQuassia amRosmarinusofficinalisSenna reticTradescantzebrina Zingiber off


ated

aya ntium m

on

foetidum bdariffa

veolens

a icata asilicum

nsis

ha mara s

culata tia

ficinale

AloeBauhBuddCaricCecrCitruCostCuprCymEquiErynHymJathgossJustiLippLippMatchamMenMenMomcharNeuOcimPassquadPlanPolyPsidQuaRosmofficRutaSennTaraTradTriumsemUncaUrerZea Zing

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

Used

e verahinia guianensis dleia americana ca papaya ropia obtusifolia us aurantium tus spicatus ressus lusitanica

mbopogon citratusisetum bogotensengium foetidum menaea courbaril ropa sypiifolia icia pectoralis ia alba ia graveolens tricaria momilla ntha spicata ntha x piperita mordica rantia rolaena lobata mum basilicum siflora drangularis ntago major ypodium aureum ium guajava ssia amara marinus cinalis a graveolens na reticulata axacum officinaledescantia zebrinamfetta itriloba aria tomentosa ra baccifera mays iber officinale

ALA

Marke

s e

e a

Aloe vera Bursera simaCaesalpinia pulcherrima Cephaelis ipecacuanhaCinchona spCupressus luEquisetum bogotense Leonurus sibLippia graveOcotea veraPassiflora bifPassiflora edPhlebodiumaureum Quassia amaQuercus sp. Senna reticuSmilax dominguensSmilax sp. Taraxacum officinale

ted

aruba

a . usitanica

biricus eolens aguensis flora dulis

ara

ulata

sis

Count

Jamai

Capaci

try Presenthe w

ica


nt in wild

Wcol

SmilaxSmilaxbalbisBlighiPimenMyrisfragraCola acumiMorincitrifo


ww

Wild lected x sp. x siana a sapida nto dioica tica ans

inata nda olia

AloeAralArteAzaBligCassCinnoboCinnzeylColeCurcCymcitraMenMyrOcimPimZing


Cultivated

e vulgarislia guilfoylei emisia sp. adirachta indica ghia sapida sia obovata namomum ovata namomum lanicum eus aromaticus curma longa mbopogon atus ntha spicata ristica fragrans mum basilicum

menta dioica giber officinale


U

Allium sativumAnacardium oAnnona muricreticulata, A. Artocarpus inCajanus cajanCapsicum sp.Cassia obovaCenchrus sp.ChenopodiumCinnamomumCocos nuciferCola acuminaCymbopogonDatura stramEmilia sagittaEryngium foeEupatorium oGuaiacum offHibiscus sabdJusticia pectoLippia alba Mangifera indMentha viridiMyristica fragOcimum basiOcimum micrPersea ameriPetiveria allicPicraena excePiper amalgoPlantago majSolanum nigrTamarindus iTriumfetta spTurnera ulmifVinca rosea Zingiber offic

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

Used

moccidentale cata, A. squamosa

ncisa n

ta

m ambrosioides m zeylanicum ra ata citratus

monium ata tidum odoratum ficianale dariffa oralis

dica is grans licum ranthum cana caea elsa jor rum ndica p. folia

inale

ALA

Marke

Aloe vulgarisAnnona reticAnnona squaBlighia sapidCanella wintCannabis satCapsicum spCinnamomuzeylanicum Curcuma lonCymbopogoncitratus Justicia pectMyristica fraPimenta dioPricraena exPsidium guajSmilax balbiSmilax sp. Zingiber offi

ted

s culata amosa da teriana tiva p. m

nga n

oralis agrans oica xcelsa java isiana

icinale

6.1._

BREcono

Wild collecof MA

Cultivof MA

Capaci

_SWOT analy

RAZIL Stromy Imp

tou ThePecencenvsust Larg Few

ction APs

18%plan Natava

vation APs

Potfam Richmame Indhighsup Cultsteahommatstan ProFito


ysis Brazil

rengths portant Beach rism in Alagoas

e Plano Agricolacuário have couraged the vironmentally tainable practi

ge economy

w aids depende% of the world’snt biodiversity

tural resources ilability*

ential activitymily farms*

h knowledge anagement dicinal plants

ustries demandh quality and pply regularity:

tivation providady supply mogeneous terial (sndard of quality

oject oterápicos


ww

Weak

s

a e

ces

ncy

Povertyeconominequal Poor pelow chainvestm

s Industrhigh qusupply Lack of organiscollectiactivitybargain Inadequcollectimanage Difficultinforma Low qucollecte Lack of managedrying astoragetechno

for

bout of

d

des a of

raw same y)

APL‐in

Inadequcultivattechniq Investm Lack of informa Lack of guidancproduc


nesses y and mic lities

eople have ance of ments

ries demand uality and regularity:

sation of the on y*: low ning power

uate on ement*

t access to ation*

uality of ed plants

ement of and e: low logical level

uate tion ques*

ment needs*

technical ation*

technical ce for ers


OpportunitiNational Touriaims at develoquality tourist taking into accnatural diversi Estratégia brasexportaçao enincrease of exp

Increasing dem Certification* Greater numbspecies, higherof new drugs

Increasing conof herbal medIncreasing demmedicinal plan Business opposmall produce ANVISA requir(origin warran Organic cultiva National ProgrMedicinal planHerbal Medici Promotion of tmanagement,

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

es sm Plan oping high‐products count ty.

sileira de visaged the ports.

mand*

er of r potencial

sumption icines: mand of nts*

rtunity for rs

ements ty)*

ation*

ram of nts and nes:

the cultivation,

ALA

Threats Lack of economdiversification dependence ocommodity‐baexports Risk of inflatio

Species sustainthreat* Environmentalegislation verssurvival need* Decrease of thactivity due toand environmelegistlation Presence of intermediationnetwork*

Lack of scientifstudies on spedomestication Presence of intermediationnetwork*

my and n ased

n

nability

l sus *

he health ental

n

fic cies *

n

BR

Tradiuses MAPs

TradeMAPs

*Feat

Capaci

RAZIL StrAla EmmeHorfor of m Struthe Garsee Devquapromoplan

tional of

s

RichuseplanEurInd

e of s

Net

tures indicated


rengths goas state:

power exismber in rticultural Alaorganic producmedicinal plant

ucture to orga activity

rden produdlings

velopment ality cootocols nitoring cultivnts

h knowledge es of medints: mix of Afropean igenous culture

t exporter of sp

d in the SWOT


ww

Weak

sting APL goas ction s

anize

ucing

of ntrol for

vated

on cinal ican, and

es

pices Net impmedicin The vasof sold plants cwild co Qualityfound imateriaselling High printerme Low pricollecto

T analysis for


nesses

porter of nal plants

st majority medicinal comes from llection

y problems n raw al in bulk

resence of ediaries

ices paid to ors

Familiar farm


Opportunitiproduction anof medicinal p

Need for invesreseach validamedicinal plan

The industry hdeveloped mamechanisms toquantity, reguquality: formaand vertical int This guaranteeincentives for to invest in thebusinesses Direct selling trepresent highto producers

s producing m

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

es d marketing lants

stment in tion of local nts

as rketing o guarantee larity and l contracts tegration

e crates producers eir

o retailers her margins

medicinal plan

ALA

Threats

Native plants aderived produhave been progressively excluded fromofficial medicin Replacement onative plants bindustrialized medicinal and imported plan

nts [28]

and cts

m ne

of by

other ts

6.2._

COSTEcono

Wild collecof MA

Cultivof MA

Tradiuses MAPs

Capaci

_SWOT analy

TA RICA Stromy Mo

stabLati Ecoandpric Impphaeco Edu Fewdep

ction APs

4% plan Exison

vation APs

Gretradplanthe Exisproher BrePsyipec Mafor Somon of me

tional of

s

StrotheplanAfri StroInd Ovediffplanpop Exis


ysis of Costa

rengths ost politically ble country in in Ameria

onomic growth d high commodces

portance of armaceuticals aotourism service

ucated workforc

w aids pendency of the world’s nt biodiversity

sting programmbioprospection

eat knowledge ditional medicints cultivation gardens

stence of smoducers producrbal teas

eeding process ycotria cacuanha

nagement pQuassia amara

me investigatthe developm

differdicinal plants

ong culture use of medicints: Indigenoican, Causasian

onger influenceigenous use

er 300‐5ferent medicints used by lopulation

stence of bal Initiative fooject, Ref. No.: 5

ww

Rica

Weakn

ity

nd es

ce

Negativeinternati

ms n

of inal in

mall cing

of

plan a

tion ent ent

Very fewtried to gquantitiemedicina Lack of flack of Ginterest findustriaplants cu

for inal ous,

e of

500 inal ocal

the


nesses e balance of ional trade

w farms have grow large es of al plants

unds and Government for al medicinal ultivation


OpportunitiEnhancement high‐tech manufacturingservices

Exploration ofcommecial poof biological resources

Potential for gmedicinal planthe pharmacebusiness Interest in domesticationSmilax sp.

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

ies Threof

g and

Abanon ag Agricmore

f tential

The Sexcluperm25% (prot

growing nts for utical

n

Publnot lalterphar Agricnot csuppplantdeve

Overmosthave DespnativdomrankherbEuromint

ALA

eats ndon of primargricultural prod

cultural stratege focused to bi

State has the usive right to grmits for collecti of territory tected)

lic health politiclegislated in favrnative productrmaceuticals

cultural politicsconsidered theport of medicints as an alternaelopment

r the last 20 yeat of traditional e disappeared

pite the generave speices

minance, the 3 tking plants usedbal products areopean (camomit, rosemary)

y focus duction

gies ofuels

rant on in

cs have vor of tion of

s have

al ative of

ars use

l

op d in e le,

COST

TradeMAPs

6.3._

JAMAEcono

Wild collecof MA

Capaci

TA RICA StrHerCos

e of s

Netspicplan Theprolocaanf

_SWOT analy

AICA Stromy Hig

agri Few

ction APs

WilmakconJam


rengths rbario Nacionalsta Rica t exporter of ces and medicinnts

e industry is oducing both foal consumptionfor export

ysis of Jamai

rengths h importance oiculture

w aids depende

d species of floke a significant ntribution to maica’s econom


ww

Weakn de

nal

r n

Medicinasold in lomarkets,shops 82% of mplants arproducedcultivatio

ca

Weaknof

ncy

Re

Agri‐sect

producunde

quality

Agricudevot

sub

Small‐s(78%com

Fraprodsup

Lack opartnerall thevalue c

No tm

Inefficie

ra

y


nesses

al plants are ocal , not in

medicinal re locally d (wild and on)

nesses ecession

‐processing tor: narrow ction base and erdeveloped management

ulture mainly ted for food bsistence

scale farmers % of farming mmunity)

agmented duction and pply base

of long‐term rship amongst e agricultural chain players

transparent market

ent marketing


Opportuniti

Herbal teas inis using high vof raw materia International tprefer plants cfrom cultivatio

OpportunRecovering tdemand of itcommoditie Agricultural strategy: Increase rawsupply from scale farmer Provide accecost funding Improve agrprocessing competitive Enhancemenagronomic sfarmers Market driveproduction Research andevelopmen Import substand developdomestic ma

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

ies Thre

dustry olumes al

trade coming on

53% nativvoluwild)

ities Tthe ts s

export

w material small‐rs

ess to low‐g

o‐

ness

nt of upport to

en

d product nt

titution pment of arket

Hd Lcdin Ho

Ospb Phdap

ALA

eats

of traded planve ones (35% ome came from )

Threats High levels of pudebts

Lack of competitivinessdomestic and nternational m

Hard negative bof international

Overexploitatioseveral endemicplants (eg. Smilabalbisiana)

People do not khow to do non‐destructive colleand therefore dpractice replant

ts are f the

ublic

in the

arket

balance trade

n of c ax

know ‐ection o not ting

JAMA

Cultivof MA

Tradiuses MAPs

TradeMAPs

Capaci

AICA Str

vation APs

Theconwidcro Spicplanprioinve Actcollmed(BioCen NatandPimhigh IncrsurfGov

tional of

s

Thefor rempreJam

e of s

Netspicplan Agrstraspicand(Bligpro SecAgrspicplan Mofooandpro Incr


rengths

e herbal sector nsolidated in 20dening the vips

ces and medicnts are consideorities for fuentories

ive tissue culection dicinal plotechnology ntre)

tional genebd nursery mento: selectionh yielding cultiv

rease of Pimeface due vernment supp

e use of local plmedic

medies is a vvalent practice

maica (poor peo

t importer ces and medicnts

ricultural exategy for herbs ces: Peper md souces, Ackghia sapida) baducts

tor plan riculture: heces and medicnts

re value‐add, nutraceud medicducts

reasing numbe


ww

Weakn

was 002, able

cinal ered ture

ture of

ants

bank for

n of vars

ento to

ort

Domestproductdecreas

ants cinal very e in ople)

of cinal

port and

mash keee ased

for erbs, cinal

dded tical cinal

er of


nesses

tic crop tion has sed


Opportun

Trend towaractivities forplants, revitaof ex situ angene banks Sector plan agriculture: Germplasm developmenimprovemen Agronomy aproduction s Plant and anhealth Value addeddevelopmen

Export potencondiments seasonings ( Non‐traditioexports incluand spices Increasing awof the imporplant genetiresources foagriculture

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

ities T Th

rds R&D r medicinal alisation d in vitro

for

nt and nt

nd systems

nimal

d product nt

Inino

ntial for and peppers)

onal ude herbs

wareness rtance of c or

ALA

Threats

Threat of naturahabitats urbaniz

ncrease of farmnputs and decroutputs prices

al zation

ming ease of

JAMA

7

The 3

And d

Capaci

AICA Stragrolocareso

7. CONCLUS

3 countries s

They havMentha s

Most of t The mosdomestic

The qualilack of m

The majo

different one

Jamaica h Brasil hasimprove

Costa Ricto enhan


rengths o‐processors ual genources

SIONS

hare commo

ve common ssp. , Justicia pthe species sst demandecation. ity of the rawarketing struority of the p

es:

has an agricus an agricultuhealth of locca is addressice ecotouris


ww

Weaknsing netic

on feature:

species (eg. pectoralis, Litill come froed species

w material isuctures amoroducers are

ultural plan fural plan for cal populatioing to the vam. Producer


nesses

Cymbopogoippia alba, Zim the wild.are being

s still very lowng producere small farme

for enhancingpromoting l

ons. lorization ofrs are focusin


Opportun

n citratus, Eingiber offici

studies fo

w, due to lacs. ers.

g exports of ocal medicin

f local flora fong to elabora

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

ities T

ryngium foeinale, etc.).

r initiating

ck of training

herbs and spnal plants: loc

or pharmaceated product

ALA

Threats

etidum, Smila

programm

g of producer

pices. cal cultivatio

euticals and ats.

ax sp.,

es of

rs and

on for

also

REFE

1

2

3

45

6789

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

Capaci

RENCES

1. ITC http://ww

2. ITC, 201http://wwover%20G%20a%20

3. ITC http://ww

4. Agricultu5. European

AgricultuLead tecFisheries (ITC) in G

6. ITC by Co7. https://e8. http://inv9. FAO, 199

products 10. MEDlCINA

ProfessorSickness Indian M

11. MadalenoConferenManagem

12. Dagmar LBotanical

13. https://wRica [sub

14. http://aqmedicina

15. EstruturaproduçãogarantindAlagoas.

16. Grandi, Te cultivad

17. Quesada de Costa


by Cww.intracen14. Global ww.intracenGlobal%20Va0Case%20Stu

by ww.intracenre Task Forcn Union Alre Sub‐Sectohnical Agenthe Ministr

Geneva, Switountry Reporn.wikipedia.vestinbrazil.b97. Medicina11. AL PLANTS Or of Botany, Survey. Attaedical Journao, Isabel Mnce on Intment and RuLange; Medicl Resources, www.godutchmitted by Ivquiacontece.cis‐e‐fitoteraação, consolo de plantas do o acesso Maceió, 201Telma Sueli Mdas. Ed. BeloHernández, Rica. Imp. A


ww

Country .org/countryValue Cha.org/uploadealue%20Chaudy%20of%2

country .org/countrye, 2009. Visil ACP Comor Strategy. cy Under thry of Financtzerland). Kinrt. Brazil. 05/org/wiki/Alabiz/state/alal plants for f

OF JAMAICA.U.C.W.l. andached to Botal. Vol. 2 No.

Maria, 2010. ternational ral Developmcinal and Aro

hrealty.com/o Henfling ocom.br/noticpicos‐em‐alalidação e fomedicinais eàs plantas m12. Mesquita. 20 Horizonte: AAlonso. 200rena Trans A


Report. y/costa‐rica/ains in SeredFiles/intrains%20in%220Costa%20R

Repoy/jamaica/ on 2030 Jam

mmodities PFruits & Veghe Championce (in collabongston, Jama/12/2014 httagoas agoas/alagoaforest conse

. PARTS 1 & d Phyllis Thotany Depart. 4. Vol. 3 No TraditionResearch

ment. Zurichomatic Plant

/Costa‐Rica‐Rn Sat, 02/22cia/2015/10agoas [publisortalecimente fitoterápicmedicinais e

014. TratadoAdequatio Es08. Plantas aAmérica, San


Costa / vices: A Cacenorg/Con0Services%2Rica.pdf ort. J

maica. Final drogramme Cgetables, Henship of theoration with taica. 2009. tp://www.int

as rvation and

11. By G. F. rnton, B.Sc. ment, U.C.Wo. 1. al Medicinaon Food , 2010. ts: Trade, Pro

Real‐Estate‐B/2014]. /27/ms‐monshed on 27/1to dos Arraos em Alagoauxiliando n

o das plantasstúdio, 2014l servicio de José, Costa

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

Rica.

Case Study tent/Publica20‐

Jamaica.

draft AgricultCaribbean Rrbs & Spicese Ministry othe Internatio

tracen.org/c

health care.

Asprey, M.S(Liverpool),

W.l. Reprinte

al KnowledgSecurity, N

oduction, and

Blog/Medicin

nitora‐a‐prod10/2015] anjos Produtoas. O Arranjna erradicaç

medicinais.4. la Salud. EdRica, 2008.

ALA

05/12

on Costa ations/AssetP

05/12/

tural sector pRegion. Jams, Roots & Tuof Agriculturonal Trade C

country/braz

Non‐wood

Sc., Ph.D. (B'hBotanist Vomed from the

ge in Costa Natural Res

d Managem

nal‐herbs‐Co

ducao‐de‐pla

tivos Locaisjo Produtivoção da misér

. Mineiras, n

d. Museo Na

/2014

Rica. PDF/c

/2014.

plan. maican ubers. e and

Centre

il/

forest

ham.), miting West

Rica. source

ent of

osta‐

antas‐

para o Local ria em

ativas

cional

1

1

2

2

22

2

2

2

2

2

2

3

Capaci

18. Lérida Lhttp://ww

19. DomíngupotencialPlantas MColombia

20. Acosta Lpara la Experime

21. Ocampo MemoriaPlantas M

22. http://ww23. Gabriel R

EVALUACproductomontes.

24. Micheal PJosette RTO THE RESOURC

25. Luciana GutierrezCosteiros

26. Arthur da(editors),FITOGEN2008

27. Ulysses PRECURSOPERNAM

28. Ana Elisa2004. BMEDICINv.34, n.3,

29. Plantas mhttp://ww

30. Humbertno BraNova vol.http://ww


. Acosta dww.herbotecez M:A:, Al de 8 plantMedicinales a, sede PalmLérida, A. Ramregión. II

entadores y TRafael. Situaa XII SeminaMedicinales yww.fao.org/dRoberto RobCION DE LOSos forestales

Pryce, SylviaRyan, Winsto

FAO INTECES FOR FOOMarques dez Carnelossi,s. Aracaju, SEa Silva Maria 2008. INÉTICOS PARA

Paulino de AOS VEGETAIBUCO (NORDa Bressan SmARREIRAS AIS PROVEN, mar. 2004. medicinais: mww.artcomao R. BizzoI; Aasil: aspec.32 no.3 São ww.scielo.br


ww

de la Luz. cnia.com.ar/ngela Duqutas medicinay Aromáticaira. 2004. mírez y Z. TeEncuentro

Técnicos de Pación del Corio Nacionaly Productos Ddocrep/007/les Valle; KlS RECURSOSno madere

a Mitchell, Aon Simpson, ERNATIONALOD AND AGRe Carvalho, , 2010. QuE. 2010. ante, Maria JNFORME NAA A ALIMEN

lbuquerque;S DA CAADESTE DO BRmith LourenzE OPORTUIENTES DA A

mercado ganssessoria.coAna Maria C.ctos gerai

/scielo.php?


Situacion d/c‐public‐012ue, A. Cáceales latinoamas y Foro s

erán. Plantaso MesoameProducción Omercio de lal de Plantas Derivados, G/ae159s/AE1oeber OliveS FORESTALeros en Amé

Adrian Burke,Don McGlaL TECHNICAICULTURE. Jennifer Analidade em

José AmstaldACIONAL SNTAÇÃO E A

; Laise de HoATINGA: O RASIL). INCI vzani, WagneNIDADES NAGRICULTUR

ha força e vm.br/noticia HovellII; Clais, desenv

?script=sci_a


del comerc2.html res y Yolanmericanas. Iobre Merca

s Medicinaleericano y dOrgánica, INCas Plantas MMedicinales

Guatemala, 1159S03.htm ira Barbosa;ES MUNDIAérica Centra

, Claudette Mshan. 2008. AL CONFER

nne Martins plantas me

den SampaioSOBRE A AGRICULTU

olanda CavalCASO DO v.27 n.7 Caraer Luiz LoureNA COMERCA FAMILIAR.

endas são oa.php?cod=2audia M. Rezvolvimento

rttext&pid=S

KA2‐CBY‐ACPA

ial de plan

nda BetancoI Seminario do, Univers

es. Otra persdel Caribe CA, Habana 2

Medicinales es y IX Expos1999.

Róger VillaALES 2000. El. Ed. FAO, d

McKenzie, SJAMAICA: CENCE ON

da Costa, edicinais. Em

o, Maria ClérSITUAÇÃO URA DO BRA

lcanti AndradAGRESTE

acas jul. 2002enzani, MariCIALIZAÇ Ã. Informaçõe

portunidade67 [Posted:endeII. 2009e persp

S0100‐40422

ALA

ntas medici

ourt. El Me Internacionsidad Nacion

spectiva de cde Agricu

2004. en América Lsición Nacion

lobos Soto. Evaluación ddepartamen

haunakay StCOUNTRY REPLANT GE

Marcelo Aumbrapa Tabu

ia ValadaresDOS RECU

ASIL. Brasília

de. 2002. USDO ESTADO2. io Otávio BaÃO DE PLAes Econômica

e para produ15/04/2013]9. Óleos essepectivas.

Paulo 2009000300

nales.

ercado nal de nal de

cultivo ultores

Latina. nal de

2000. de los nto de

tirling, EPORT NETIC

ugusto uleiros

s Inglis URSOS – DF.

SO DE O DE

atalha, ANTAS as, SP,

tores. ] enciais Quím. 2009. 005

Medic Aroma tic Pla nts sit in l, - Herbs4youth · piraca. Sug ar is produc ctivity. [8] ustry has...

Documents

Transcript of Medic Aroma tic Pla nts sit in l, - Herbs4youth · piraca. Sug ar is produc ctivity. [8] ustry has...