media.accessibilityoz.com · Web viewVideo accessibility principles. Video accessibility is the...

Transcripts, Captions and Audio

Descriptions

Copyright 2013

AccessibilityOz

ContentsTranscripts, Captions and Audio Descriptions........................................................1

Contents................................................................................................................ 2

Overview................................................................................................................6

Video accessibility principles..............................................................................6

Video player....................................................................................................7

Transcript........................................................................................................7

Captions..........................................................................................................7

Audio Descriptions...........................................................................................7

Impact on users..................................................................................................8

Video Player....................................................................................................8

Transcript........................................................................................................9

Captions........................................................................................................10

Audio description...........................................................................................10

Creating a Transcript...........................................................................................11

Structure..........................................................................................................11

Accessibility Practices...................................................................................11

Speech descriptions......................................................................................11

Visual descriptions........................................................................................11

General transcript practices..........................................................................12

Putting your transcript to use...........................................................................12

Transcript Links.............................................................................................12

Interactive transcripts...................................................................................13

Example Transcript...........................................................................................14

Captioning...........................................................................................................20

YouTube captioning..........................................................................................21


Preparing your transcript...............................................................................22

Uploading your transcript..............................................................................22

Altering the caption’s time codes..................................................................27

Putting your captions file to use (developer).................................................28

Audio Descriptions...............................................................................................29

Using VideoPad Video Editor............................................................................30

Loading your video........................................................................................30

Recording audio descriptions........................................................................32

Adding audio descriptions to your video.......................................................33

Putting your audio described video to use....................................................39

Appendix 1...........................................................................................................40

Resources.........................................................................................................40

Online Examples...............................................................................................40

Transport Accident Commission Pictures of You website..............................40

Appendix 2...........................................................................................................41

WCAG2 Requirements.........................................................................................41

Transcripts........................................................................................................41

WCAG 2.0 Guidelines.....................................................................................41

WCAG 2.0 Success Criteria............................................................................41

WCAG 2.0 Techniques...................................................................................42

Captions...........................................................................................................44

WCAG 2.0 Guidelines.....................................................................................44


WCAG 2.0 Techniques...................................................................................45

Audio Descriptions............................................................................................45

WCAG 2.0 Guidelines.....................................................................................45



WCAG 2.0 Techniques...................................................................................46

Appendix 3...........................................................................................................48

Using MAGpie to create captions......................................................................48

Create a project:............................................................................................48

Create a caption:...........................................................................................48

Setting the timestamp:..................................................................................49

Checking your work:......................................................................................49

Appendix 4...........................................................................................................50

Using MAGpie to create audio descriptions......................................................50

Create a project:............................................................................................50

Create an audio description:.........................................................................50

Setting the timestamp:..................................................................................51

Checking your work:......................................................................................51

Appendix 5...........................................................................................................52

Further Examples.............................................................................................52

Transcripts....................................................................................................52

Captions........................................................................................................54

Audio Descriptions.........................................................................................55

Company Bio.......................................................................................................56

Contact................................................................................................................ 57

Gian Wild..........................................................................................................57

Charlotte Brentnall...........................................................................................57


OverviewVideo accessibility principles

Video accessibility is the ability for a person with a disability to understand and use an online video. It allows people with disabilities to access information like anyone else; interact with others without being classed as “disabled” and allows them to undertake activities which they may not otherwise be able to do.Video accessibility is important to people with the following disabilities:

Blindness Colour-blindness Low vision Deafness Motor impairments Cognitive impairments.

Videos cannot be made fully accessible, but they can be made accessible to some people with disabilities; for example people using screen readers. A video is made accessible by:

the way the video is created; how the video is inserted in the site; by providing a transcript; by providing audio descriptions; and by providing captions.

Accessibility needs to be considered both when creating the video content and when converting the video for web use.

When creating the video content:

use only high contrast colours; do not convey information using colour alone; do not use patterned backgrounds etc.; and do not include any flashing or flickering content.

When converting the video for web use:

use a consistent, accessible, video file format.

When inserting the video in the site in a particular way:

Allow the user to skip over the video using the mouse only; Allow the user to skip over the video using the keyboard only;


Ensure the site is functional and all content is available without the video; and

Include information about how to access the video player.

Video playerThe video player should:

Allow users to control the video (e.g. pause, rewind, etc.) via the keyboard only;

Allow users to control the video (e.g. pause, rewind, etc.) via the mouse only;

Allow users to control the volume with mouse only and keyboard; Allow users to control the volume with the keyboard only; Ideally never start automatically or if it does then a mechanism to pause

the video is provided at the start of the page; Allow users to turn on captions or audio descriptions with the mouse only;

and Allow users to turn on captions or audio descriptions with the keyboard

only.

TranscriptVideo transcripts should:

Identify the name of the speaker; Ensure that all speech content is included; Include relevant information about the speech; Include relevant non-speech audio; Include any textual or graphical information shown in the video; Be provided in an accessible format; Indicate the end of the transcript if on the same page as the video; and Provide a mechanism to return to the video if on another page.

CaptionsVideo captions should:

Appear at the same time as the sound they are captioning; Ensure all important audio information has been captured; Appear on the screen for enough time for them to be read; Ensure the contrast between background and caption text colour is

sufficient; Have no periods without captions; and Attribute speech to a particular speaker.

Audio DescriptionsIt should be noted that audio descriptions are best done when creating the video as an alternative to the original video.


Video audio descriptions should: Adequately describe the visual information; Not impinge on other speech or important sounds; Be concise but sufficiently explanatory; and Be sufficiently distinguishable from other speech.

Impact on users

The following is an overview of common video errors relevant to the player, captions, transcripts and audio descriptions and the impact on users with a disability.

Video Player

Keyboard.Some video players contain keyboard traps. This is critical to users who are unable to use the mouse as there is no way to exit the video player once caught in a keyboard trap. The only option is to close the browser and start again.Some video players do not have the ability to use the video via the keyboard. This limits the video use to mouse users only.Starting, stopping and controlling volume.Some video players will automatically start when a page opens and there may not be a website mechanism to pause or stop the video. Therefore screen reader users and keyboard users have to manually search through the page until they find the video and stop it using the player controls.Flash, JavaScript and style sheets.Disabling browser functions can cause the video to disappear, move or appear actionable when it isn’t. Screen reader users will sometimes disable certain browser functions, e.g. JavaScript, to facilitate use of their assistive technology.Content changes.In some instances selecting the video will cause a change prior to the current focus. If a user is visually impaired and uses a screen reader, this change may not be apparent to the user.Video link text.Some links to video files can be non-descriptive and use file size, filename or file type. For users with assistive technologies such as screen readers, it can be difficult to know what the video is about, especially if there is more than one video.Video as a text alternative.On some occasions videos are provided as an alternative to text and images. In these instances, the video needs to be labelled as a text alternative so that users


know what the purpose of the video is and that it is not the main source of the content.Flashing video contentVideos with flashing content which flashes more than three times in any one second period can induce seizures in users with photosensitive seizure disorder. It can also trigger migraines in sensitive users.

Transcript

Missing or inadequate transcripts.Videos which do not have a transcript or have inadequate transcripts greatly affect the users who rely on the transcript to obtain the information.Additional information.The transcript sometimes includes information that is not included in the video. Users who are able to access the video and do not use the transcript will therefore miss this additional information.Accessibility.Transcripts are sometimes provided, however the transcripts may be inaccessible because they have been provided as a PDF. A PDF is inaccessible even when tagged and many screen reader users will not even attempt to read one.Location and link text.Transcripts are sometimes provided but the link to it is not located immediately before or after the video. A screen reader user will then often assume there isn’t a transcript provided and move on without obtaining the information from the video.Similarly, a user may assume that there isn’t a transcript provided if the link text to the transcript is not clear.End of transcript.If the transcript is on the same page as the video, it will affect users if the end of the transcript is not marked. Screen reader users will not know that the transcript has finished as the assistive technology will continue on reading page content without indicating an end to the transcript.Returning to the video.When the transcript is provided on a separate page to the video, some transcripts provide no method of returning back to the original video. Some users may find it difficult to find their way back to where they were without a link or the use of the back button.Interactive transcripts.Interactive transcripts should keep track with the video content to minimise confusion to those with cognitive issues. The current position in the interactive


transcript should not be marked with colour alone which can affect vision impaired users and those who use assistive technologies.

Captions

Missing or inadequate captions.In some instances videos do not include captions or omit dialogue or important sound effects. Those who use captions will be unable to use the video or may miss out on important information.Additional information.Video captions sometimes include information that is not included in the video. Users who don’t have a need for the captions will therefore miss this information.Colour contrast.The captions can be difficult to read due to colour contrast between the background and the caption colour. Users dependent on the captions may therefore not be able to read important information conveyed by the captions.

Audio description

Missing audio descriptions.Videos which do not include audio descriptions means a vision impaired user will miss important information. Important background information may be provided in the video that isn’t conveyed with audio.

Online video checklist: http://wiki.accessibilityoz.com.au/doku.php/checklists/video/start


http://wiki.accessibilityoz.com.au/doku.php/checklists/video/start

Creating a TranscriptIt is a requirement for videos to have a text alternative. Therefore a transcript must be provided as either a downloadable link directly before or after the video, or as text directly after the video. A transcript must include both word for word descriptions as well as descriptions of what is happening on screen.

Creating a transcript is also necessary and helpful in creating captions and audio descriptions.

Note: For one minute of video, it takes approximately 30 minutes to create a transcript.

Structure

Accessibility Practices1. Ensure you transcript is created in an accessible format, using the

following featuresa. Headingsb. Styles

Speech descriptions2. It must be acknowledged who is speaking.3. A change in speaker must be noted.4. All speech content must be in the transcript. If there is speech which is not

relevant, then indicate that it has been excluded from the transcript.5. Relevant information about the speech should be added, usually in

brackets.

Figure 1: Transcript showing speech descriptions

Visual descriptions6. Relevant changes in visual content must be noted.7. Include any textual or graphical information shown in the video


Figure 2: Transcript showing visual descriptions

General transcript practices8. Relevant non-speech audio should be included in the transcript9. The end of the transcript should be indicated.

Figure 3: Transcript showing general transcript practices

Putting your transcript to use on OzPlayer

10.OzPlayer uses an interactive transcript. An interactive transcript must:a. Keep track with the videob. Not mark the current position in the transcript with colour alone.

11.To make the transcript interactive for OzPlayer, it uses the timed captions track to move through the transcript at the right times. However, there needs to be two tracks for the timing, one for the captions and one for the audio descriptions.

12.The captioning section of this training document will take you through how to create both tracks for the interactive transcript.


Example Transcript

To see the video, go to: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f-Kt_kuYVtU

[Music begins (Billie Jean - Michael Jackson)]

Landscape view of the Amazon

Zooms into red-capped manakin.

Red-capped manakin bird (Kevin) moonwalking up and down tree branch

Kevin: Oww! Heee heee! Heee heee!

Kevin’s mother flies onto the branch too.

Kevin’s mother: Oh Kevin, that’s a lovely tribute

Kevin: I just miss him mum.

[Music stops]

Marmot sitting up yelling at top of lungs

Marmot: Alan! Alan! Alan! Alan! Alan! Al! Alan!

Bird waving its left wing awkwardly in open field

Bird: Scuse me, I’m have a bit of trouble with my wing I think it’s broken.

Close up of the bird

Can anyone help?

View of second bird

Preacher bird: Do I know anyone who can help?!

[Gospel music begins]

Preacher bird stands up straight with both wings up in the air

Preacher Bird: Gather round brothers and sisters, join me!

More birds gather around the preacher bird.


http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f-Kt_kuYVtU

Are you ready to receive the healing, ready to receive the love?!

[Music ends]

Wetlands with a black heron covering its head repeatedly with its wings and popping its head out from under them.

Black heron: Night time…DAYTIME! Night time…DAYTIME! Night time…DAYTIME!

A spoonbill walks up beside the black heron.

Spoonbill: What are you doing?

Black heron: Having a game of night time day time. You wanna play?

Spoonbill: No, I’ve got an Xbox

[Music starts (Low – Flo Rid feat T-Pain)]

Badgers twisting from side to side looking like they are DJing.

[Music ends]

Back to marmot sitting up yelling at top of lungs

Marmot: Alan! Alan! Alan! Alan! Alan!

Two roatan spider monkey’s sitting on a branch with one looking into the others mouth.

Spider monkey dentist: If you would just like to open wide sir.

Spider monkey patient: Okay [mumbles]

Spider monkey dentist: Are you going anywhere nice on your holidays?

Spider monkey patient: [tries a mumbled reply]

Spider monkey dentist: Yeah yep don’t try and talk when my hands are in your mouth sir. Ah my wife and I are thinking of going abroad this year….Dudley. She’s got ah family in a zoo over there. You got kids?



Spider monkey dentist: Please, please don’t talk when my hands are in your mouth sir. Could do with a filling here at the back. Is it mainly bananas you eat?


Spider monkey dentist: I won’t, I won’t tell you again sir. Please don’t try and speak when I am working inside your mouth. Right, I’m just gonna try a cheeky little taste.

Spider monkey dentist tastes finger which had been in patients mouth.

That’s um not bad actually. Um almost done, just need to smell your breath.

Spider monkey dentist smells patients breath

Spider monkey dentist: Oh, oh……oh that is rank, I think I need to lie down

Spider monkey dentist falls backwards and lies down.

Two Giraffes standing side by side.

Giraffe female: She’s all neck and legs, look at her!

Giraffe male: Oh I am looking at her.

Giraffe female: Stop looking at her!

Female giraffe bashes male with head

Giraffe male: You just told me to look at her!

Both giraffes beging bashing each other with heads

Female giraffe: Ow!

Male giraffe: Ow!

Female giraffe: Ow!

Male giraffe: Ow!

Close up of a gorillas face.

Gorilla: I don’t know why but I don’t seem to have a lot of luck with women. I mean I’m kind and caring

[Farting]


Gorilla: No it’s a mystery that.

Chip monk standing on a rock with its hands at its mouth.

Chip monk: [beatboxing]

A field mouse looking over a rock shouting.

Field mouse: Shoot! Shoot! Shoot! Shoot! Shoot! Shoot! Shoot! Shoot! Shoot! Shoot!

[Gun shot sound]

Field mouse: Aah! I didn’t think he’d do it!

Otter floating in the water on its back.

Otter: At the Copa, Copacabana. Music and fashion were always the passion at the Copa….HEY!

The otter stops and stares at the camera

Are you filming me in bath? Get out! Away with ya I’m naked you better not put it on YouTube!

Fish meandering along near the ocean floor.

Fish: Oh what a day! Network crash, lost me wallet, phones ran outta battery. Couldn’t get any worse!

Camouflaged shark under the sand strikes out and swallows the fish

Fish [from inside shark]: Eeh! Oooh cracking stuff!

Back to marmot sitting up yelling at top of lungs

Marmot: Ooh that’s not Alan. Steve that’s Steve……Steve! Steve! Steve! Steve! Steve! Steve!


Small group of meerkats standing on their hind legs all facing the same way

Meerkat 1: John, I don’t think we are allowed to wee here.

Meerkat 2: It’s fine, just keep a look out!

[zipper sound]

Meerkat 1: What was that!

Meerkat 2: That was me zip!

Camera zooms out to show a large group of meerkats all standing in the same place facing the same way

Meerkat 1: Wooow! Wh…where’d all these come from! You know me lads, I can’t wee with an audience!

Owl standing on the ground looking around

Owl 1: Oh I tell you what, I don’t like that man that’s just moved in next door. Oh he’s really creepy.

[Dramatic music begins]

View of the neighbour owl sitting in a tree looking straight at the camera.

Camera zooms right into a close up of the owls face

[Music ends]

Neighbour owl: Oh hello! Could I trouble you for a cup of sugar please!

End of transcript


CaptioningCaptions provide a way for people who have hearing impairments or otherwise have trouble hearing the dialogue in synchronized media material to be able to view the material and see the dialogue and sounds.

Video captions should

Appear at the same time as the sound they are captioning; Ensure all important audio information has been captured; Appear on the screen for enough time for them to be read; Ensure the contrast between background and caption text colour is

sufficient; Have no periods without captions; and Attribute speech to a particular speaker.

The easiest method of creating captions is to use the YouTube service that automatically creates captions for videos. It can generate captions from an uploaded transcript.

However, another tool that is often used for captioning is MAGpie. MAGpie takes approximately 1 hour per minute of video. To see instructions on how to use MAGpie to create captions, see Appendix 3 on page 55.

Note: Captions should not be confused with subtitles and translations. Subtitles and translations provide text of only the dialogue and do not include important sounds.

Note: When using the YouTube service to create captions, one minute of video takes approximately 10 - 30 minutes to create the caption file if a transcript is already written.


YouTube captioning

For this captioning, a YouTube account is needed.

13.To add captions to your video using YouTube, a transcript needs to be used.

14.Do not use YouTube’s automated captioning feature.a. See why not to use YouTube’s automated captioning feature

(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=23H8IdaS3tk)

Figure 4: Example of YouTube’s automated captioning


http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=23H8IdaS3tk

Preparing your transcript15.When normally preparing a transcript for captioning, you would remove all

the visual descriptions as these are not necessary for captions. However, to create the two tracks for OzPlayer the easiest method is to leave them in and only remove them right at the end.

16.Remove the end of transcript signal.17.Resave the transcript as plain text (.txt)

a. Go to ‘Save As’ and change ‘Save as type’ to ‘Plain Text (*.txt)’ by using the dropdown.

Figure 5: Saving your transcript as plain text

Uploading your transcript18.Log into your YouTube account19.Select the Upload option

Figure 6: YouTube Upload option


20.Select the page to find the video you wish to upload.

Figure 7: Uploading your video to YouTube

21.Once the upload is complete, go to the YouTube Video Manager.22.Select the dropdown beside the ‘Edit’ button on your video.


23.From the dropdown menu, select ‘Captions’.

Figure 8: YouTube Captions Edit option


24.Select ‘Add subtitles or CC’.

Figure 9: Prompting the adding caption features

25.A dropdown will appear, select your language.26.Select ‘Upload a file’.27.Select your file type as ‘Transcript’ and then ‘Choose File’ to upload your

transcript.

Figure 10: Uploading your caption file


28.Select ‘Upload’.29.Select ‘Set timings’.

Figure 11: Transcript upload options

30.Once the video has finished syncing, select your track to see the captions and their time codes.

31.You can now play the video to see the captions appear.32.You will have the position of the captions in the running track below the

video and the captions with their time codes to the right of the video.


Figure 12: YouTube captioning features

33.You will have to play the video to run through and check the position of the captions as YouTube is not completely accurate. However it gives a good base to work with and is easy to use for changing the caption times.


Altering the caption’s time codes34.Play the video to determine where YouTube has placed the captions. 35.To move the position of a caption, use the mouse to select the caption

from the running track and drag it to a new position.

Figure 13: Moving the caption text position

36.You can change the time of the track to last longer or shorter by selecting the edge of the caption in the running track and dragging it smaller or bigger.


Figure 14: Making the caption time longer or smaller

37.Edit the captions to line up appropriately in the video.38.Make sure the visual descriptions have separate time codes to any

captions.39.Once the captions and visual descriptions line up with the video, select

‘Publish’.


Figure 15: Publishing the caption track

40.This will publish your track and take you back to the upload page.

Downloading the caption track41.Select your caption track.

Figure 16: Selecting your track


42.Once the captions track opens, select the ‘Actions’ dropdown.43.From the dropdown, select the ‘.vtt’ download option.

Figure 17: Downloading the caption file

44.The downloaded .vtt file is the master track which has both captions and visual descriptions. We will use this track later to create our second track visual descriptions track.

45.Once we have the copy of the master track, it is time to remove the visual descriptions so that we have just a caption track.

46.Once the master track has been downloaded, do not change any of the times in the tracks or it will mean the interactive transcript won’t work.


47.Select ‘Edit’

Figure 18: Editing the published captions

48.Now go through the time codes and delete any visual descriptions. This can be done quickly by selected the delete button that appears on mouse over.

49.This will not change the times on any of the other captions in the time code section.

50.Make sure you do not move around or edit any of the caption times.


Figure 19: Deleting visual descriptions

51.Once you have deleted all the visual descriptions, select the ‘Publish’ button to save the new caption track.

52.Repeat steps 41 to 43 to download the .vtt track which is solely a caption track.

Creating the second track for OzPlayer’s interactive transcript53.As was mentioned earlier, OzPlayer requires two timed tracks for the

interactive transcript to work, one for the captions and one for the visual descriptions. The caption track has already been created in the previous section, so this section with show how to create the descriptions track.

54.In step 41 to 43 a master .vtt track was created which contained both captions and visual descriptions. This track will be used to create the visual descriptions track.

55.Follow steps 24 to 26 to bring up the options for uploading a transcript file.56.Once on this page, instead of selecting the file type as ‘Transcript’ like

before, now select ‘Subtitles file’.a. This is because the master .vtt file we will upload already has the

timings set so does not require YouTube to set the timings for you.


Figure 20: Uploading the master .vtt track

57.Select ‘Upload’.58.Select ‘Publish’.59.Select the master track from you captions list.

Figure 21: Selecting the master track

60.Select ‘Edit’.61.Repeat the same process as in steps 48 to 51 but instead of deleting the

visual descriptions, delete the captions. 62.This will leave you with the visual descriptions track. 63.Repeat the download process from steps 41 to 43 to download the .vtt file

for the visual descriptions.64.Now you have two timed tracks, captions and visual descriptions, which

are ready to be add to OzPlayer for the interactive transcript.


Audio DescriptionsIt should be noted that audio descriptions are best done when creating the video as an alternative to the original video. This is often not practised, therefore audio descriptions have to be added after. However, the narrator sometimes has to provide a lot of information during very short pauses in dialogue. Therefore, the video has to be temporarily paused to allow critical information to be delivered when pauses in dialogue are insufficient for adequate description, such as:

Actions Characters Scene changes On-screen text (not captions)

Video audio descriptions should: Adequately describe the visual information; Not impinge on other speech or important sounds; Be concise but sufficiently explanatory; and Be sufficiently distinguishable from other speech.

The easiest method of creating audio descriptions is to use a program called ‘VideoPad Video Editor’. The free demo version can be downloaded from:

http://www.nchsoftware.com/videopad/index.html

However, another tool that is often used for creating audio descriptions is MAGpie. MAGpie takes approximately 1 hour per minute of video. To see instructions on how to use MAGpie to create audio descriptions, see Appendix 4 on page 57.

Note: When using VideoPad Video Editor to create audio descriptions, one minute of video takes approximately 1 hour create an audio described file if a transcript is already written.


http://www.nchsoftware.com/videopad/index.html

Using VideoPad Video Editor

Loading your video65.Open VideoPad Video Editor66.Select the ‘Add Media’ button to find the video you want to add the audio

descriptions to.

Figure 22: Opening your video in VideoPad Video Editor

67.Once you have added your video, it will appear in the ‘Video Files’ tab of the media list


Figure 23: How the video appears in VideoPad.


68.Drag your video from the media list into the sequence area for your video track and video audio track to appear.

Figure 24: Viewing your video in the sequence area for editing


69.Alternatively:a. Select your video in the media list for your video to appear on the

preview screen.b. Select the button with the downward facing arrow to ‘Place Clip on

Sequence…’.c. Your video track and video audio track will now appear in the

sequence area.

Figure 25: Alternative method for viewing your video in the sequence area

Recording audio descriptions70.To create your audio files, use the visual descriptions from your transcript.71.Select the ‘Record’ dropdown and then select ‘Record Audio…’.


72.Using the ‘Record’ and ‘Stop’ buttons, create your audio descriptions. They will appear in the ‘Audio Recording’s’ tab of the media list as you create them.

Figure 26: Recording your audio descriptions

73.Close the recording audio box when you are done recording your audio descriptions.

a. You can create more audio files or add more later by reopening the recording audio option.

Adding audio descriptions to your video74.Move the slider to the time period where you wish to add the audio

description.


75.Take a snapshot of the video frame.

Figure 27: Taking a snapshot of the video frame


76.Split the video track so that the snapshot can be added to create a pause in the video.

Figure 28: Splitting the video track


77.Find your snapshot in the media list and drag the snapshot taken onto the video track where you split the track and drop it there.

a. There should now be a space in the audio track where the snapshot is.

Figure 29: Adding the snapshot to the video track


78.Drag the appropriate audio recording onto the sequence below Audio Track 1. This will create an Audio track 2

Figure 30: Dragging the audio recording into the video

79.Adjust the time period of the snapshot to fit the length of the audio track by dragging the sides.

a. ONLY adjust the size of the snapshot. If you adjust the sides of the video track, it will move the position of the split. If the position of the split has been moved, the snapshot will be added at the wrong position and the pause will be out of sync.

Figure 31: Altering the size of the video pause to match the audio recording


80.Once you have added all necessary audio descriptions, your video is ready to be saved. Go to the ‘Export’ tab.

Figure 32: Finding the export tab

81.Choose to export to ‘Video File’. This will bring up the Video Output setup.82.Choose your where to save your video and your video preferences.83.Select ‘Create’.

Figure 33: Save preferences


84.Your video with audio descriptions will now be created.

Figure 34: Video with audio descriptions converting

Putting your audio described video to use85.The audio described video should be provided as an alternative to the

original video because it disrupts viewing for those who do not need the additional description. Options for this include:

a. A feature to turn the audio descriptions on or off; orb. Separate versions with and without the descriptions.


86.OzPlayer currently doesn’t support turning extended audio description on or off, therefore the extended audio description version should be provided with the original.


Appendix 1Resources

http://www.uiaccess.com/transcripts/transcripts_on_the_web.html http://wiki.accessibilityoz.com.au/doku.php/checklists/video/start http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG/

Online Examples

Transport Accident Commission Pictures of You websiteVideo Stories: http://www.picturesofyou.com.au/


http://www.picturesofyou.com.au/

http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG/

http://wiki.accessibilityoz.com.au/doku.php/checklists/video/start

http://www.uiaccess.com/transcripts/transcripts_on_the_web.html

Appendix 2WCAG2 Requirementshttp://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20-TECHS/Overview.html#contents

Transcripts

WCAG 2.0 Guidelines

Guideline Description

1.2 Time-based Media: Provide alternatives for time-based media.

1.3 Adaptable: Create content that can be presented in different ways (for example simpler layout) without losing information or structure.

2.4 Navigable: Provide ways to help users navigate, find content, and determine where they are.

WCAG 2.0 Success Criteria

SC Description

1.2.1 Audio-only and Video-only (Prerecorded): For prerecorded audio-only and prerecorded video-only media, the following are true, except when the audio or video is a media alternative for text and is clearly labelled as such:

Prerecorded Audio-only: An alternative for time-based media is provided that presents equivalent information for prerecorded audio-only content.

Prerecorded Video-only: Either an alternative for time-based media or an audio track is provided that presents equivalent information for prerecorded video-only content.

1.2.3 Audio Description or Media Alternative (Prerecorded): An alternative for time-based media or audio description of the prerecorded video content is provided for synchronized media, except when the media is a media alternative for text and is clearly labeled as such.

1.3.2 Meaningful Sequence: When the sequence in which content is presented affects its meaning, a correct reading sequence can be


http://www.w3.org/TR/UNDERSTANDING-WCAG20/content-structure-separation-sequence.html

http://www.w3.org/TR/UNDERSTANDING-WCAG20/media-equiv-audio-desc.html

http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG/#alt-time-based-mediadef

http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG/#multimedia-alt-textdef

http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG/#video-onlydef

http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG/#audio-onlydef


http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG/#prerecordeddef

http://www.w3.org/TR/UNDERSTANDING-WCAG20/media-equiv-av-only-alt.html

http://www.w3.org/TR/UNDERSTANDING-WCAG20/navigation-mechanisms.html

http://www.w3.org/TR/UNDERSTANDING-WCAG20/content-structure-separation.html

http://www.w3.org/TR/UNDERSTANDING-WCAG20/media-equiv.html

http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20-TECHS/Overview.html#contents

SC Description

programmatically determined.

2.4.4 Link Purpose (In Context): The purpose of each link can be determined from the link text alone or from the link text together with its programmatically determined link context, except where the purpose of the link would be ambiguous to users in general.

WCAG 2.0 TechniquesTechnique

Description

G58 Placing a link to the alternative for time-based media immediately next to the non-text content: With this technique, a link to the collated document of captions and audio description is provided. The collated document could be at another location on the same Web page or at another URI. A link to the collated document is immediately adjacent to the non-text content. The link can be immediately before or after the synchronized media content. If the collated document is on the same Web page as other content then put "End of document" at the end so that they know when to stop reading and return to their previous place. If a "Back" button will not take the person back to the point from which they jumped, then a link back to the non-text content location is provided.

G69 Providing an alternative for time based media: The purpose of this technique is to provide an accessible alternative way of presenting the information in a synchronized media presentation.

In a synchronized media presentation, information is presented in a variety of ways including:

dialogue, sounds (natural and artificial), the setting and background, the actions and expressions of people, animals, etc., text or graphics, and more.

In order to present the same information in accessible form, this technique involves creating a document that tells the same story and presents the same information as the synchronized media.


http://www.w3.org/TR/UNDERSTANDING-WCAG20/navigation-mechanisms-refs.html

Technique

Description

Such a document is sometimes called a screenplay. It includes all the important dialogue and actions as well as descriptions of backgrounds etc. that are part of the story.

If an actual screenplay was used to create the synchronized media in the first place, this can be a good place to start. In production and editing however, the synchronized media usually changes from the screenplay. For this technique, the original screenplay would be corrected to match the dialogue and what actually happens in the final edited form of the synchronized media.

In addition, some special types of synchronized media include interaction that has to occur at particular places in the playing of the synchronized media. Sometimes it may result in an action taking place (e.g., something is purchased, sent, done, etc.). Sometimes it may change the course of the synchronized media (e.g., the synchronized media has multiple paths that are determined by user input). In those cases links or some other mechanism would be used in the alternative for time-based media to allow people using the alternative to be able to have the same options and abilities as those using the synchronized media.

G159 Providing an alternative for time-based media for video-only content: The purpose of this technique is to provide an accessible alternative way of presenting the information in an video-only presentation.In a video-only presentation, information is presented in a variety of ways including animation, text or graphics, the setting and background, the actions and expressions of people, animals, etc. In order to present the same information in accessible form, this technique involves creating a document that tells the same story and presents the same information as the prerecorded video-only content. In this technique, the document serves as a long description for the content and includes all of the important information as well as descriptions of scenery, actions, expressions, etc. that are part of the presentation.

If a screenplay for the video-only content was used to create the content in the first place, this can be a good place to start. In production and editing however, the final version often varies somewhat from the screenplay. To use the screenplay, it would


Technique

Description

need to be corrected to match the final edited form of the video-only presentation.

Captions

WCAG 2.0 GuidelinesGuideline Description


1.4 Distinguishable: Make it easier for users to see and hear content including separating foreground from background.

WCAG 2.0 Success CriteriaSC Description

1.2.1 Audio-only and Video-only (Prerecorded): For prerecorded audio-only and prerecorded video-only media, the following are true, except when the audio or video is a media alternative for text and is clearly labelled as such:

Prerecorded Audio-only: An alternative for time-based media is provided that presents equivalent information for prerecorded audio-only content.

Prerecorded Video-only: Either an alternative for time-based media or an audio track is provided that presents equivalent information for prerecorded video-only content.

1.2.2 Captions (Prerecorded): Captions are provided for all prerecorded audio content in synchronized media, except when the media is a media alternative for text and is clearly labeled as such.

1.4.3 Contrast (Minimum): The visual presentation of text and images of text has a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1, except for the following:

Large Text: Large-scale text and images of large-scale text have a contrast ratio of at least 3:1;

Incidental: Text or images of text that are part of an inactive user interface component, that are pure decoration, that are not visible to anyone, or that are part of a picture that contains significant other visual content, have no contrast requirement.


http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG/#puredecdef

http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG/#user-interface-componentdef

http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG/#larger-scaledef

http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG/#contrast-ratiodef

http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG/#images-of-textdef

http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG/#images-of-textdef

http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG/#textdef

http://www.w3.org/TR/UNDERSTANDING-WCAG20/visual-audio-contrast-contrast.html


http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG/#synchronizedmediadef

http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG/#audiodef


http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG/#captionsdef

http://www.w3.org/TR/UNDERSTANDING-WCAG20/media-equiv-captions.html

http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG/#alt-time-based-mediadef


http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG/#video-onlydef




http://www.w3.org/TR/UNDERSTANDING-WCAG20/media-equiv-av-only-alt.html

http://www.w3.org/TR/UNDERSTANDING-WCAG20/visual-audio-contrast.html


SC Description

Logotypes: Text that is part of a logo or brand name has no minimum contrast requirement.


Description

G87 Providing closed captions: The objective of this technique is to provide a way for people who have hearing impairments or otherwise have trouble hearing the dialogue in synchronized media material to be able to view the material and see the dialogue and sounds - without requiring people who are not deaf to watch the captions. With this technique all of the dialogue and important sounds are embedded as text in a fashion that causes the text not to be visible unless the user requests it. As a result they are visible only when needed. This requires special support for captioning in the user agent.NOTE: Captions should not be confused with subtitles. Subtitles provide text of only the dialogue and do not include important sounds.

G93 Providing open (always visible) captions: The objective of this technique is to provide a way for people who are deaf or otherwise have trouble hearing the dialogue in audio visual material to be able to view the material. With this technique all of the dialogue and important sounds are embedded as text in the video track. As a result they are always visible and no special support for captioning is required by the user agent.NOTE: Captions should not be confused with subtitles. Subtitles provide text of only the dialogue and do not include important sounds.


Audio Descriptions

WCAG 2.0 GuidelinesGuideline

Description


WCAG 2.0 Success CriteriaSC Description

1.2.5 Audio Description (Prerecorded): Audio description is provided for all prerecorded video content in synchronized media.


Description

G8 Providing a movie with extended audio descriptions: The objective of this technique is to provide a second version of video content that provides extended audio descriptions. One of the difficult things about creating traditional audio descriptions is that the narrator sometimes has to provide a lot of information during very short pauses in dialogue. Extended audio description temporarily pauses the audio and video to allow critical information to be delivered when pauses in dialogue are insufficient for adequate description.Providing a second version of the movie with extended audio descriptions will make this content accessible for blind people who need to hear not only the dialogue but also the context and other aspects of the video that are not communicated by the characters' dialogue alone, and for which there is insufficient time during the natural dialogue.

Because it disrupts viewing for those who do not need the additional description, techniques that allow you to turn the feature on and off are often provided. Alternately, versions with and without the additional description can be provided.

G166 Providing audio that describes the important video content and describing it as such: Video-only content is inaccessible to people who are blind and to some who have low


http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG/#synchronizedmediadef

http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG/#videodef


http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG/#audiodescdef

http://www.w3.org/TR/UNDERSTANDING-WCAG20/media-equiv-audio-desc-only.html


Technique

Description

vision. Therefore, it is important for them to have an audio alternative. One way of doing this is to provide an audio track describing the information in the video. The audio should be a common audio format used on the internet, such as MP3.

G173 Providing a version of a movie with audio descriptions: The objective of this technique is to provide a second version of video content that provides audio desciptions so that it is possible for people who cannot see to be able to understand audio-visual material.Since most user agents today cannot merge multiple sound tracks, this technique adds the additional audio information to synchronized media by providing a second version of the movie where the original soundtrack and additional audio description have been combined in a single track. This additional information focuses on actions, characters, scene changes and on-screen text (not captions) that are important to understanding the content.

Since it is not helpful to have this new information obscure key audio information in the original sound track (or be obscured by loud sound effects), the new information is added during pauses in dialogue and sound effects. This limits the amount of supplementary information that can be added to program.

Providing a second version of the movie that includes audio descriptions as the primary sound track will make this content accessible for blind people who need to hear not only the dialogue, but also the context and other aspects of the video that are not communicated by the characters' dialogue alone.


Appendix 3Using MAGpie to create captions

MAGpie is very well-known accessible captioning software.

To download MAGpie, visit:

http://ncam.wgbh.org/invent_build/web_multimedia/tools-guidelines/download-magpie

Create a project:1. Under the File menu, select “New project”

2. In the dialog box, select the “Browse” button and select your video file

3. For “Caption styles” select 18pt, centred and click OK

4. When the “Create new project track” dialog box opens, click OK

Create a caption:5. Press F6 to begin the video. After a sentence or two, press F6 again and type

what you have heard into the “Caption” column.

a. Each caption should not exceed two lines

b. Speech does not need to be in quotes. Speech should be preceded by the name of the speaker in the first instance bracketed and in italics, eg:[Vera] We teach maths, English and LOTE

c. Subsequent captions of speech do not need to be labeled unless there has been a change in speaker

d. Important audio information should be included, bracketed and in italics, e.g,:[Laughs] Well we get all sorts in here.

e. Unimportant audio information should not be included, for example “um”, “ah” etc.

f. When there is a significant period of silence or background music without important audio information, then this should be captioned. Captions containing this information should be bracketed and in italics, e.g.:[Music plays]




6. When you have completed one caption, press Enter twice to create a new row for a new caption.

Setting the timestamp:7. Press F7 to rewind the video to the beginning

8. Move to the first row and press F9 – this will set a timestamp of 0:00:00.00 and means that the first caption will appear as soon as the movie starts

9. Press F6 to begin playing the video.

10.When the beginning of the next caption is spoken press F9 – this will set a timestamp for the new caption The caption must appear on the screen at the same time as the speech, or sound, that is being captioned.

11.Continue until all captions have timestamps

12.MAGpie will automatically insert a new row at the end. Delete this row (right-click on the row and select “Delete selected rows”)

Checking your work:13.Under the “Export” menu select “Quicktime – SMIL 1.0 format”

14.Open Quicktime and select the SMIL file that MAGpie created

15.Play the video with the sound on. Check that:

a. Captions appear at the same time as the sound they are captioning; and

b. That all important audio information has been captioned

16.Play the video with the sound off. Check that:

a. Captions appear on the screen for enough time to read (approximately 3 – 4 seconds for a two line caption);

b. There are no periods without captions; and

c. That speech has been attributed to a particular speaker.


Appendix 4Using MAGpie to create audio descriptions

MAGpie is very well-known accessible captioning software.

To download MAGpie, visit:


Create a project:1. Under the File menu, select “New project”

2. In the dialog box, select the “Browse” button and select your video file

3. Click OK

4. When the “Create new project track” dialog box opens, select “Audio Descriptions” in the “Track Type” section

5. Click OK

Create an audio description:6. Press F6 to begin the video. When important information is provided in the

visual part of the video, stop the video and click the “Record description” button

7. Select the “Use generated file name” option.

8. When you are ready to record the description click “Record” (you will need a microphone for this)

9. When you have finished recording, click “Stop” and then OK to close the dialog box

a. The audio description must fit between existing dialog or important sounds.

b. If there are time limits, describe only important visual information, such as people’s actions, or diagrams. If there is enough time, then describe other visual information

c. Describe information consistently, ie using the same names and terminology




d. Describe emotional states, but do not attribute reasoning or motivation (eg. do not say “Her prayers answered, Joan looks up with tearful eyes”, instead say “Joan looks up with tearful eyes”)

e. Ensure the voice is sufficiently distinguishable from other voices in the production

f. Read titles and credits

10.When you have completed one recording, press Enter twice to create a new row for a new audio description.

Setting the timestamp:11.Press F7 to rewind the video to the beginning

12.Press F6 to begin playing the video.

13.When the audio description should be spoken press F9 – this will set a timestamp for the audio description

14.Continue until all audio descriptions have timestamps

15.MAGpie will automatically insert a new row at the end. Delete this row (right click on the row and select “Delete selected rows”)

Checking your work:16.Under the “Export” menu select “Quicktime – SMIL 1.0 format”. Save the file.

17.Open Quicktime and select the SMIL file that MAGpie created in step 1

18.Play and watch the video. Check that:

a. Audio descriptions adequately describe the visual information

b. The audio descriptions do not impinge on other speech or important sounds

19.Play the video but do not watch it. Check that:

a. Audio descriptions are sufficiently explanatory

b. Audio descriptions are sufficiently distinguishable from other speech


Appendix 5Further Examples

TranscriptsFigure 35: Transcript example 1: An inaccessible video without a transcript

See: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6leHGHCKeSg


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6leHGHCKeSg

Figure 36: Transcript example 2: Accessible video with a link to its transcript

See: http://archive.premier.vic.gov.au/your-voice/video-a-audio/video-library.html?task=media&media_id=482

Figure 37: Transcript example 3: Accessible vidoe with the transcript provided with the video


http://archive.premier.vic.gov.au/your-voice/video-a-audio/video-library.html?task=media&media_id=482

http://archive.premier.vic.gov.au/your-voice/video-a-audio/video-library.html?task=media&media_id=482

See: http://www.volunteer.vic.gov.au/about-volunteering/volunteer-stories/volunteer-organsation-stories/developing-a-volunteer-program-with-cultural-diversity-in-mind

CaptionsFigure 38: Captions example 1: Inaccessible video without captions

See: http://www.volunteer.vic.gov.au/information-for-volunteers/volunteers-tell-their-stories/barwon-south-west/marine-volunteers


http://www.volunteer.vic.gov.au/information-for-volunteers/volunteers-tell-their-stories/barwon-south-west/marine-volunteers

http://www.volunteer.vic.gov.au/information-for-volunteers/volunteers-tell-their-stories/barwon-south-west/marine-volunteers

http://www.volunteer.vic.gov.au/about-volunteering/volunteer-stories/volunteer-organsation-stories/developing-a-volunteer-program-with-cultural-diversity-in-mind



Figure 39: Captions example 2: Accessible YouTube video with captions

See: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gZJtLIHZb2s

Figure 40: Captions example 3: Accessible video playing with open captions


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gZJtLIHZb2s

See: http://www.volunteer.vic.gov.au/information-for-volunteers/volunteers-tell-their-stories/disability/ydas-films-experiences-and-benefits

Audio DescriptionsFigure 41: Audio descriptions example 1: Inaccessible video with incorrect

audio descriptionshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fa4kr9ohjBw

Figure 42: Audio descriptions example 2: Accessible video with correct audio descriptions

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nwqzKyxETV0

Figure 43: Audio descriptions example 3: Second accessible video with correct audio descriptions

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gZJtLIHZb2s


http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gZJtLIHZb2s

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nwqzKyxETV0

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fa4kr9ohjBw

http://www.volunteer.vic.gov.au/information-for-volunteers/volunteers-tell-their-stories/disability/ydas-films-experiences-and-benefits

http://www.volunteer.vic.gov.au/information-for-volunteers/volunteers-tell-their-stories/disability/ydas-films-experiences-and-benefits

Company BioAccessibilityOz is an accessibility consultancy with clients across Australia. Gian Wild, the founder and Director, has worked on the accessibility of various Government projects for fourteen years. AccessibilityOz is a W3C Member and an IBM Business Partner.

AccessibilityOz has worked with the Australian Human Rights Commission, the Australian Government Information Management Office and, most recently, Victorian Government, in implementing the W3C Web Content Accessibility Guidelines in a national and/or state context.

We focus on accessibility so you don’t have to

Gian Wild, the founder and Director of AccessibilityOz spent six years on the international Working Group contributing to the development of the W3C Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, Version 2.0. These guidelines were recently endorsed by the Australian Human Rights Commission and the Australian Government Information Management Office for use across Australia. Recently all state governments and COAG have followed suit.

At a federal level, the Australian Government Information Management Office has released a Web Accessibility National Transition Strategy which AccessibilityOz is responsible for implementing for several federal Government departments (Australian Public Services Commission, Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, GeoScience Australia and the Civil Aviation Safety Authority). At a Victorian level, AccessibilityOz wrote the updated eGovernment Accessibility Toolkit which is the Victorian standard for accessibility requirements.

Senior consultants at AccessibilityOz have been interviewed on the state of the web (most recently by The West Australian), written many articles on the area of accessibility (for example, A List Apart), run numerous seminars and spoken at many conferences (most recently at Edge of Web in Perth and the Local Government Web Network conference in Sydney).


ContactGian Wild

AccessibilityOz

www.accessibilityoz.com.au

Email: [email protected]

Charlotte Brentnall

AccessibilityOz

www.accessibilityoz.com.au

Email: [email protected]


mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

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