MEDIA USAGE, CITIZENSHIP NORMS, AND … · cybergeneration (dalton, 2008; inglehart and welzel,...
Transcript of MEDIA USAGE, CITIZENSHIP NORMS, AND … · cybergeneration (dalton, 2008; inglehart and welzel,...
MEDIA USAGE, CITIZENSHIP NORMS, AND
POLITICAL PARTISIPATION OF TRANSITION
TO DEMOCRACY
IN INDONESIA
NAJMUDDIN [email protected]
ANDALAS UNIVERSITY, PADANG, INDONESIA
Demography:
Age
Sex
Education
MEDIA USAGE:
Media Environment
Media usage
Media Orientation
Citizenship Norms:
Duty citizenship
Engaged
citizenship
Compliance
citizenship
Political
participation:
Traditional
Modern
Civic/Social
Variables/Dimensions and
sub dimensions
POLITICAL MAP LANDSCAP OF POLITICAL COMUNICATION
NON DEMOCRATIC TO DEMOCRATIC (DOORENSPLEET, 2006)
DUTY TO ENGGAGE CITIZENSHIP (DALTON 2008)
THIRD WAVE OF DEMOCRACY (HUNTINGTON,1991)
THE END OF HISTORY (FUKUYAMA, 1992)
THE THIRD WAVE OF
POLITICAL COMUNICATION (VACCARI, 2008, THEOCARIS, 2011)
ICT (DEAN 2012, RAHIM, 2012)
TECHNOCULTURE, NETWORKING SOCIETIES AND WELL INFORMED, CYBERGENERATION (DALTON, 2008; INGLEHART AND WELZEL, 2005)
I. INTRODUCTION CHANGE OF:
REFORMATION IN INDONESIA ON
20 TH MAY 1998
1. TRANSITION TO DEMOCRACY IN INDONESIA
2. FIRST DIRECT GENERAL ELECTION BY MULTY POLITICAL PARTY
3. FIRST DIRRECT GENERAL ELECTION FOR LOCAL GOVERNMENT
4. TENDS CITIZENS PARTICIPATION RATE REDUCTION
5. CORUPTION, COLLUTION AND NEPOTISM EVERYWHERE (JAKARTA AND OTHERS) (AGUSTINO, 2010 AND HIDAYAT; 2006, 2007)
CITIZEN PARTICIPATION IN ELECTION IN INDONESIA
(1987 – 2014)
GENERAL ELECTION PERCENTAGE
1987 (PARLIAMENT-RI) 96.54
1992 (PARLIAMENT-RI) 95.06
1997 (PARLIAMENT-RI) 94.63
1999 (PARLIAMENT-RI POST REFORMATION) 92.70
2004 (PARLIAMENT-RI) 84.06
2004 (PRESIDENT 1ST) 79.76
2004 (PRESIDENT 2ND) 77.44
2009 (PARLIAMENT-RI)
2009 (PRESIDENT)
70.99
72.09
2014 (PARLIAMENT-RI) 75.11
2014 (PRESIDENT) 69.58
SUMBER KPU (EC) RI. 2014.
II. RESEARCH PROBLEM
IS CORRELATION BETWEEN MEDIA
USAGE WITH CITIZENSHIP NORMS IN
CONTEXT DEVELOPMENT
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGY AND HOW INLUENCE
POLITICAL PARTISIPATION OF
TRANSITION TO DEMOCRACY?
MAIN HYPOTHESES
HYPOTHESES There is a relationship between the use of media and
civic norms change with political participation
SUB HYPOTHESES 1
There is a relationship between the sub-DIMENSIONons
of the use of media (NEWS PAPER, TV and internet) and
sub-DIMENSIONonal changes in the norms of citizenship
(DUTY, ENGAGED and COMPLIANCE) with
TRADITIONAL POLITICAL PARTICIPATION.
SUB HYPOTHESES 2 There is a relationship between the sub-DIMENSIONons
of the use of media (News paper, TV and internet) and
sub-DIMENSIONonal changes in the norms of citizenship
(DUTY, ENGAGE and COMPLIANCE) with MODERN
POLITICAL PARTICIPATION.
SUB HYPOTHESES 3
There is a relationship between the sub-DIMENSIONons
of the use of media (NEWS PAPER, TV and INTERNET)
and sub-DIMENSIONonal changes in the norms of
citizenship (DUTY, ENGAGE and COMPLIANCE) with
CIVIC POLITICAL PARTICIPATION.
III. THE PURPOSE AND FOCUS OF RESEARCH
3.1. THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY TO DETERMINE WHETHER MEDIA USAGE (NEWS PAPER, TV AND INTERNET) AND CHANGE OF CITIZENSHIP NORMS (DUTY, ENGAGE AND COMPLIANCE CITIZENSHIP) INFLUENCE POLITICAL PARTICIPATION OF TRANSITION TO DEMOCRACY.
3.2. THE FOCUS OF THIS STUDY IS TO EXAMINE CITIZENSHIP NORMS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY INFLUENCE POLITICAL PARTICIATION OF TRANSITION TO DEMOCRACY IN INDONESIA
4.1. RESEARCH METHOD 4.2.SAMPLING METHOD
QUANTITATIVE
ANALYSIS BY SURVEY
RESPONDEN IS THE YOUNG GENERATION: 1. WORKING OR NOT 2. LEVEL OF EDUCATION 3. FIRST TIME AND SECOND VOTING IN GENERAL ELECTION
IV. METHODOLOGY
CONTINUE
4.3. TOTAL SAMPLE, DESIGN SAMPLING AND CLASSIFICATION OF REGIONS
1) SAMPLE SIZE (384) PRESCRIBED BY RANDOM SAMPLING.
2) SAMPLING DESIGN USING
PROPORTIONAL SAMPLING, INTENDED TO GIVE THE SELECTION OF ELEMENTS REQUIRED IN THE GROUP ITSELF (Babbie, 2010).
3) 384 FOR SAMPLES, CARRIED OUT
THE CLASSIFICATION OF AREAS INTENDED. THIS MEANS THAT CAN SAMPLE SURVEY ON BEHALF OF THE CITY CENTER AND SUBURBS
CONTINUE
4.4. DETERMINE THE LOCATION OF EACH SELECTED REGION
1) DIVIDED INTO EACH LOCATION SAMPLE BLOCK; PILLARS OF NEIGHBORS (RT) AND NEIGHBORHOOD (RW), AS FOR THE ROAD WAS OBTAINED FOR DETERMINING THE LIST OF.
2) FIRST HOME FOR THE ROAD NAMED THE UNIT SAMPLE AND BEYOND 5 HOUSES AS NEXT UNIT SAMPLE.
4.5
. M
ET
HO
DS
OF
CO
LL
EC
TIN
G
DA
TA
1) DATA COLLECTED BY QUESTIONNAIRE (DEMOGRAPHIC, MEDIA USAGE, CITIZENSHIP NORMS AND POLITICAL PARTICIPATION)
2) ENUMERATOR IS 6 PERSON
3) 150 QUESTIONNAIRE TO SAMPLE IN SUBURBS
4) 234 QUESTIONNAIRE TO SAMPLE IN CENTRE
1. MEDIA USAGE 2.CITIZENSHIP NORMS
MEDIA ENVIRONMENT MEANS MEDIA ACCESS
MEDIA USAGE MEANS , TOTAL TIME USED FOR WATCHING TV, READING NEWSPAPER AND BROWSE OF THE INTERNET
MEDIA ORIENTATION MEANS WHAT KIND OF THEMES NEWS OR THE ATTENTION OF RESPONDENTS IN THE NEWSPAPER, TV AND INTERNET
DUTY CITIZENSHIP COORELATED BY NORMS OF POLITICAL TRADITIONAL
ENGAGED CITIZENSHIP CORRELATED BY NORMS OF NEW POLITIC
COMPLIANCE CITIZENSHIP NORMS CORRALTED BY EXTERNAL POLITICAL NORMS
4.6. OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS
3. POLITICAL PARTISIPATION
TRADITIONAL POLITICAL PARTISIPATION
MODERN POLITICAL PARTISIPATION
SIVIC/SOCIAL POLITICAL PARTISIPATION
TRADITIONAL POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IS RESPONDENTINVOLVEMENT IN CAMPAIGN ACITIVITIES AND VOTING.
MODERN POLITICAL PARTISIPATION MEANS HOW RESPONDENT USE OF MEDIA ON-LINE ADA OFF-LINE AS POLITICAL PARTICIPATION.
SIVIC/SOCIAL POLITICAL PARTISIPATION MEANS POLITICAL ACTIVITIES CORRELATED WITH NGO AGENDA.
4.7
. D
AT
A A
NA
LY
SIS
ANOVA FOR HYPOTHESIS 1 ADA 2.
CORRELATION FOR HYPOTHESES 3 AND 4.
REGRESSION (METHOD ENTER) FOR HIPOTESIS 5 .
IV. RESULT
4.1. REGRESSION MEDIA USAGE ADA CITIZENSHIP
NORMS WITH POLITICAL PARTISIPATION
Factor R2
Adjusted
R2
Square
Beta t Sig.
Media Usage
Citizenship Norms
.01
.14
.00
.13
.01
.37
.24
7.83
.81
.00
4.2. REGRESSION SUB DIMENSIONON OF MEDIA USAGE (NEWSPAPER, TV,
INTRNET) AND SUB DIMENSIONON OF CITIZENSHIP NORMS ( COMPLIANCE , DUTY
AND ENGAGED CITIZENSHIP NORMS ) WITH TRADITIONAL POLITICAL PARTICIPATION .
VARIABLS/DYMENSIONS R2
Adjusted
R2
Square
Beta t Sig.
NEWSPAPER
TELEVITION
INTERNET
.02 .02 .16 3.14 .00
.02 .00 .07 1.25 .21
.03 .02 -.09 -.1.81 .07
COMPLIANCE
CITIZENSHIP NORMS .29 .26 .52 12.03 .00
DUTY CITIZENSHIP
NORMS .31 .02 .10 2.18 .03
ENGAGED
CITIZENSHIP NORMS .31 .00 .06 1.25 .21
4.3. REGRESSION BETWEEN SUB DIMENSIONON MEDIA USAGE (NEWSPAPER,
TV AND INTERNET) ADA SUB DIMENSIONON CITIZENSHIP NORMS (DUTY,
ENGAGED ADA COMPLIANCE CITIZENSHIP NORMS ) WITH MODERN
POLITICAL PARTISIPATION
VARIABLES R2
Adjusted
R2
Perubahan
Beta Nilai
t
Signifikan
NEWSPAPER .02 .02 .16 3.21 .00
TELEVITION .02 .00 .06 1.14 .27
INTERNET .04 .02 -.12 -.2.30 .02
COMPLIANCE
CITIZENSHIP .22 .19 .44 9.60 .00
DUTY CITIZENSHIP .23 .01 .10 1.95 .05
ENGAGED CITIZENSHIP .23 .00 .01 .29 .77
4.4. REGRESSION BETWEEN SUB DIMENSSION MEDIA USAGE
(NEWSPAPER, TV, AND INTERNET) AND SUB DIMENSION
CITIZENSHIP NORMS (DUTY, ENGAGED AND COMPLIANCE) WITH
SIVIC/SOCIAL POLITICAL PARTICIPATION
VARIABLES R2
Adjusted
R2
Square
Beta T Sig.
NEWSPAPER .03 .03 .16 3.07 .00
TELEVITION .02 .00 .01 .14 .89
INTERNET .03 .00 -.05 -.85 .39
COMPLIANCE CITIZENSHIP .07 .05 .21 4.34 .00
DUTY CITIZENSHIP .09 .02 .06 1.08 .28
ENGAGED CITIZENSHIP .12 .04 .21 3.98 .00
4.5. CONTRIBUTIONS
1. MEDIA USAGE AND CITIZENSHIP NORMS ARE VITAL TO
UNDERSTANDING THE POLITICAL PARTICIPATION OF
TRANSITION TO DEMOCRACY IN INDONESIA.
2. THISTUDY HELPS IDENTIFY SIGNIFICANT FACTORS
INFLUENCE THE POLITICAL PARTICIPATION OF YOUNG
VOTERS.
3. NEW PERSPECTIVE THAT TREND OF CHANGE MEDIA
USAGE, CITIZENSHIP NORMS AND POLITICAL
PARTICIPATION OF YOUNG GENERATION. IT IMPLICATED
TO CHANGE OF POLITICAL TRATEGY IN INDONESIA.