Media. Division of mediamedia Introduction Television viewing: 3.5 hours/day (including videotapes)...
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Transcript of Media. Division of mediamedia Introduction Television viewing: 3.5 hours/day (including videotapes)...
Media
Division of media
T e le v is ion R a d io N e w sp a p ers , m a g az in es
M e d ia
Introduction
Television viewing: 3.5 hours/day (including videotapes)
97+% of Britain’s households: ownership of a color television
73%: ownership of a videocassette recorder (VCR)
A radio/home 70%: listening to radio on a daily basis.
UK Television
1 The BBC networks2 The commercial networks3 Cable4 Digital5 Teletext and interactive services
6 Regulation
British National broadcasters:Public broadcasting
BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation)
2 national television channels (with national and regional sub-divisions)
5 national radio stations Cable and digital TV channels 40+ local radio stations Global enterprises in both television and radio, & a broadcast
monitoring service Europe's most visited content web site
BBC
Channels: BBC One, BBC Two, BBC Three, BBC Four, CBBC, CBeebies, BBC News 24 and BBC Parliament
Platform: digital (all) & analogue (BBC 1 & BBC 2)
Fund: television licence (also P242)Global broadcasting: BBC World, BBC
Food and BBC Prime
British National broadcasters: Private broadcasting
Independent Television ITV (the Channel 3 companies): 15 regionally based franchisees — local and national (network) services; GMTV—a breakfast network service; 2 companies—Carlton and Granada (12 franchises)
Channel 4: hybrid public service, minority interest service; revenue—advertising sales (Wales, Sianel Pedwar Cymru [S4C])
Channel 5: A fifth terrestrial channel: April 1997; a commercial operation carrying advertising
The main channels
BBC 1 - since 1936, general interest programmes. BBC 2 - minority and specialist interests. ITV – (Channel 3 since 1955) approximately 33%
informative and 66% light entertainment. Channel 4 - since 1982, 15% educational programmes,
encourages innovation and experiment. Channel 5 – since 1997
The content of BBC1-BBC2 programming for 2002-2003
BBC1 BBC2 News 570 h. 100 h. Current affairs 80 h. 230 h. Drama Comedy Entertainment Arts and music 200 h. Factual 500 h. Learning Sport 430 h. Religion 80-120 h. 20 h. Events Children’s – 400 h. 100 h.
10 Greatest British TV programmes Fawlty Towers BBC2 1975-1979 Cathy Come Home (The Wednesday Play) BBC1 1966 Doctor Who BBC1 1963-1989, 1996, 2005- The Naked Civil Servant ITV 1975 Monty Python's Flying Circus BBC2 1969-1974 Blue Peter BBC1 1958- Boys from the Blackstuff BBC2 1982 Parkinson BBC1/ITV 1971-1982, 1998-2007 Yes Minister / Yes, Prime Minister BBC2 1980-1988
Brideshead Revisited ITV 1981
Who Regulates BBC & ITV?
Before 29 December 2003: The Broadcasting Standards Commission
After: Ofcom, the Office of CommunicationsOfcom: programme content and quality;
code of conduct for advertisersBBC: self-regulating; but also under the
influence of Ofcom
Basic Principles for BroadcastingWhat should they be?
The Broadcasting Act 1990: standards of decency, accuracy in news coverage, and balanced presentations of controversial topics, encouraging more competition
The Broadcasting Act 1996: new digital technologies in broadcasting
Basic Principles for Broadcasting
Impartial and neutral in dealing with social and political affairs (p244)
Entertaining, informing and educating the nation ( p250 )
In one evening of visual and emotional splendor, he educated, enlightened and entertained us all. In doing so, Zhang secured himself a place in world history. (by Steven Spielberg)
Radio
The BBC national radio networksBBC World Service RadioIndependent national radio services
(classical music, rock music, and talk radio), 240+ independent local radio services
Type of station
Analogue MW (AM)
Analogue FM (VHF)
Total analogue1
DAB Digital Radio
Total analogue and DAB1
Local commercial
59 213 2722 159 289
UK-wide commercial
2 1 3 8 8
BBC UK-wide networks
1 4 5 11 11
BBC Local and Nations
36 46 46 32 46
Total 98 264 326 210 354
The most popular British radio stations Clare FM Anna Livia Live 95 Welsh Radio International Imperial College radio Capital FM BBC Radio 2
The Press
Introduction (P257)
The 18th and 19th centuries: industrialisation
The 18th century: newspaper readership -- the upper
classes and wealthier sections of the middle class
a great deal of govern-mental controlThe French Revolution (1789): ideas
of social reform and social justiceThe Trade Unions
Types of Newspapers -- Range
10 major national dailies papers + 10 major Sunday papers + 2,000 smaller weeklies
Also: Provincial Mornings , Local Evenings, Local weeklies, Political Press, Community Press, etc
Historically grouped into
mass market tabloids: (eg The Sun)middle-market tabloids (eg the Daily Mail) quality broadsheets (eg The Times)
Mass market tabloids
The Sun, Daily Star, Daily Sport Page Three Girl'StarBirds'Close link with the porno industry
Middle market tabloids
Daily Mail, Daily ExpressA very different readership - that of affluent
women Weekend supplements, sports supplementsThe Daily Mail: Right-wing agendaFormer owner Lord Northcliffe: its formula is
to give his readers a 'daily hate‘.
Quality Broadsheets—and Quality Compacts
The Times, UK’s oldest national newspaper, not the most popular
The Daily Telegraph (the Daily Torygraph) The Independent, The Guardian, The
Financial Times
Tabloid? Broadsheet?
October 2003, quality broadsheet The Independent: a compact edition - tabloid sized - along with the main broadsheet sized newspaper—sales: up by 20%
The Times: compact formNow: both exclusively available in compact
formThe Guardian: a mid-size format between
tabloid and broadsheet—the 'Berliner'
Circulation of some National Dailies
4.22
3.16
1.761.64
1.13 1.13
0.44 0.44 0.39
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
SUN MI RROR MAI L EXPRESS EXPRESS TELEGRAPHGUARDI ANTHE TI MESI NDEPENDENT
Ci rcul ati on
Tabloid? Broadsheet?
Sales: mass-market tabloids↑ 4 four times -- the broadsheets↓
‘The London Times’? Never existed (the title)
The Daily Telegraph may go tabloid. Should it?
Who Reads What? (P261) Why?
Social class Political stanceEducational backgroundPersonal concernPersonal interest
British Newspapers—political learning
The Daily Telegraph (daily quality newspaper): http://www.telegraph.co.ukThe Daily Mail (daily mid-market newspaper): http://www.dailymail.co.ukThe Financial Times (daily quality newspaper): http://www.ft.comThe Times (daily quality newspaper): http://www.timesonline.co.ukThe Sunday Times (weekly quality newspaper): http://www.sunday-times.co.ukThe Sun (daily popular newspaper): http://www.thesun.co.ukThe Independent (daily quality newspaper): http://www.independent.co.ukThe Daily Mirror (daily popular newspaper): http://www.mirror.co.ukThe Guardian (daily quality newspaper): http://www.guardian.co.uk
Conservative
Liberal-socialist
The Code of Advertising Practice
Advertising in the press has to conform to certain standards of the Code of Advertising Practice.
The Code’s basic principles require adverts to be:
legal , honest and truthful to observe a sense of responsibility to the
consumer and society to conform to the principles of fair
competition as generally accepted in business
PaparazziSnaparazzisnapshot + paparazzi
BBC article definition
-- The word 'paparazzi' is used to describe celebrity photographer
-- The term paparazzi word is derived from the name of a character called Paparazzo in Federico Fellini's La Dolce Vita (1960).
-- After the movie was released, the word paparazzi became synonymous with intrusive photographers who chase the stars.
-- The word 'paparazzi' literally means 'buzzing insects'.
Citizen paparazzi, cameraphone paparazzi—their power
Anyone, anytime, anywhere "Armed with cameraphones, any ordinary Joe
can become a paparazzo. (The Guardian) where cameras used to be precluded Cash incentives Mounting number of pictures
(accidents, robberies, etc.) Snappies, Nokia Nazis
Platform usage
http://www.mediauk.com/the_knowledge/i.muk/An_introduction_to_UK_television
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Greatest_British_Television_Programmes
http://www.mediauk.com/the_knowledge/i.muk/An_introduction_to_radio_in_the_UK
http://www.mediauk.com/the_knowledge/i.muk/An_introduction_to_newspapers_in_the_UK
http://www.textually.org/picturephoning/archives/cat_paparazzi.htm