Media Convergence: Cooperation, Collisions, and Change Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
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Transcript of Media Convergence: Cooperation, Collisions, and Change Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
Webcasting Worldwide: A Study of Convergence, Innovation & Business Models Among Leading Webcasters in Multiple Countries
Media Convergence: Cooperation, Collisions, and ChangeBrigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
October 13-15, 2005
MODERATORS: DR. RICHARD GANAHL, BLOOMSBURG UNIVERSITY, DR. LOUISA HA, BOWLING GREEN STATE UNIVERSITY
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Panel PresentationsPanel Presentations
Webcasting: A Comparison of Factors Affecting Global Convergence, Innovations & Business Models, R Ganahl, BU
Webcasting in Germany, Miriam Smith, SFSU
Are Leading Webcasters in the US Trendsetters for the World? Louisa Ha, BGSU
Leading Webcasters in Greater China: One Language, Many Differences, Alice Lee, Min Hang, Yu-li Liu, Dahong Min, Clement So, Binyan Yang
Webcasting: A Comparison of Factors Affecting Global Convergence, Innovations & Business Models, R Ganahl, BU
Webcasting in Germany, Miriam Smith, SFSU
Are Leading Webcasters in the US Trendsetters for the World? Louisa Ha, BGSU
Leading Webcasters in Greater China: One Language, Many Differences, Alice Lee, Min Hang, Yu-li Liu, Dahong Min, Clement So, Binyan Yang
Webcasting: A Comparison of Factors Affecting Global Convergence, Innovations & Business Models
Media Convergence: Cooperation, Collisions, and ChangeBrigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
October 13-15, 2005PRESENTER: DR. RICHARD GANAHL, BLOOMSBURG UNIVERSITY
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Global Research TeamGlobal Research Team
Louisa Ha, Bowling Green State University, Richard Ganahl, Bloomsburg
University, Alex Arampatzis, Edge Hill University College, Ilhem Allagui,
University of Montreal, Piet Bakker, University of Amsterdam, Tiziano Bonini,
IULM University, Marylaine Chausse, University of Montreal, Baoguo Cui,
Tsinghua University, Petar Djekic,University of Cologne, Mike Friedrichsen,
University of Flensburg, Mónica Herrero, University of Navarre, Kenichi Ishii,
University of Tsukuba, Astrid Kurad, Univesity of Flensburg, Claudia
Loebbecke, University of Cologne, Claude Martin, University of Montreal,
Catherine Monsen, Norwegian School of Mangement, Kyle Nicholas, Old
Dominion University, Morihiro Ogasahara, University of Tokyo, Sora K. Park,
Kwangwoon University, Asle Rolland, Norwegian School of Mangement, Charo
Sádaba, University of Navarre, and Niranjala D. Weerakkody, Deakin
University.
Louisa Ha, Bowling Green State University, Richard Ganahl, Bloomsburg
University, Alex Arampatzis, Edge Hill University College, Ilhem Allagui,
University of Montreal, Piet Bakker, University of Amsterdam, Tiziano Bonini,
IULM University, Marylaine Chausse, University of Montreal, Baoguo Cui,
Tsinghua University, Petar Djekic,University of Cologne, Mike Friedrichsen,
University of Flensburg, Mónica Herrero, University of Navarre, Kenichi Ishii,
University of Tsukuba, Astrid Kurad, Univesity of Flensburg, Claudia
Loebbecke, University of Cologne, Claude Martin, University of Montreal,
Catherine Monsen, Norwegian School of Mangement, Kyle Nicholas, Old
Dominion University, Morihiro Ogasahara, University of Tokyo, Sora K. Park,
Kwangwoon University, Asle Rolland, Norwegian School of Mangement, Charo
Sádaba, University of Navarre, and Niranjala D. Weerakkody, Deakin
University.
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Convergence = Webcasting! “…the digital delivery of textual, video content through the Internet…”
Convergence = Webcasting! “…the digital delivery of textual, video content through the Internet…”
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Countries In Final StudyCountries In Final Study
NORTH AMERICA ASIA EUROPE
CANADA AUSTRALIA DENMARK
UNITED STATES CHINA GERMANY
HONG KONG GREECE
MIDDLE EAST JAPAN ITALY
17 ARAB CNTRYS SOUTH KOREA NETHERLANDS
TAIWAN NORWAY
SPAIN
UNITED KINGDOM
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Original Project ObjectivesOriginal Project Objectives
• STUDY BUSINESS MODELS OF 13 COUNTRIES’ WEBCASTING LEADERS• ESTABLISH GLOBALNESS OF WEBCAST AS EMERGING MEDIA• DETERMINE LEVEL OF DOMESTIC CONTENT CONTRIBUTION
Eventual Project Outcomes
• STUDY BUSINESS MODELS OF 13 COUNTRIES’ WEBCASTING LEADERS• ESTABLISH GLOBALNESS OF WEBCAST AS EMERGING MEDIA• DETERMINE LEVEL OF DOMESTIC CONTENT CONTRIBUTION
Eventual Project Outcomes
• STUDY OF 16 GLOBAL WEBCASTING LEADERS PLUS MIDDLE EAST ARAB AREAS
• ESTABLISH GLOBAL BUSINESS MODELS & DOMESTIC CONTENT CONTRIBUTIONS
• ESTABLISH FACTORS AFFECTING CONVERGENCE, INNOVATIONS & BUSINESS MODELS
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Research Method & SamplingResearch Method & Sampling• LEADING WEBCASTERS IN MAJOR BROADBAND MARKETS• INFORMANT INTERVIEWS TO IDENTIFY MAJOR WEBCASTERS• LARGER MARKETS N = 20; SMALLER MARKETS N = 10; N = 220
Internet Measurement
• LEADING WEBCASTERS IN MAJOR BROADBAND MARKETS• INFORMANT INTERVIEWS TO IDENTIFY MAJOR WEBCASTERS• LARGER MARKETS N = 20; SMALLER MARKETS N = 10; N = 220
Internet Measurement
• MUCH INFORMATION REGARDING SITE RANKING & TRAFFIC IS PROPRIETARY
• OFTEN WIDELY DIFFERING DATA CONCLUSIONS AND RANKINGS
• DEFINITIONS, LANGUAGE, SELF-REPORTS AND CULTURAL DIFFERENCES
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WHAT DID WE FIND?WHAT DID WE FIND?
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Major Geog’ Shifts in I-GrowthMajor Geog’ Shifts in I-Growth
INTERNET USE 1999• NO AM 124m 51%• EUROPE 47m 19%• ASIA 42m 16%• WORLD 243m
TOP 10 EU DOMAINS YAHOO! EXCITE MSN NETSCAPE AOL MICROSOFT LYCOS 3 DOMESTIC
SOURCE: TOTAL INTERNET USE INCLUDES TOP 10 GLOBAL USERS. MMXU EUROPE, COMPUTER INDUSTRY ALMANAC, PC DATA ONLINE,
UNPUBLISHED MANUSCRIPT BY R GANAHL
INTERNET USE 1999• NO AM 124m 51%• EUROPE 47m 19%• ASIA 42m 16%• WORLD 243m
TOP 10 EU DOMAINS YAHOO! EXCITE MSN NETSCAPE AOL MICROSOFT LYCOS 3 DOMESTIC
SOURCE: TOTAL INTERNET USE INCLUDES TOP 10 GLOBAL USERS. MMXU EUROPE, COMPUTER INDUSTRY ALMANAC, PC DATA ONLINE,
UNPUBLISHED MANUSCRIPT BY R GANAHL
INTERNET USE 2005• ASIA 199m 33%• NO AM 176m 29%• EUROPE 104m 16%• WORLD 604m
W-CAST OWNERSHIP• DOMESTIC OWNERSHIP• DOMESTIC CONTENT
SOURCE: CIA FACT BOOK, 2005 HA and GANAHL, et al
INTERNET USE 2005• ASIA 199m 33%• NO AM 176m 29%• EUROPE 104m 16%• WORLD 604m
W-CAST OWNERSHIP• DOMESTIC OWNERSHIP• DOMESTIC CONTENT
SOURCE: CIA FACT BOOK, 2005 HA and GANAHL, et al
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Changes in I-Use RankingsChanges in I-Use Rankings
WEB LEADERS IN 1999
• 1st USA 110.8m• 2nd JAPAN 18.2• 3rd UK 13.9• 4th CANADA 13.3• 5th GERMANY 12.3• 6th AUSTRAL 6.8• 7th BRAZIL 6.8• 8th CHINA 6.3• 9th FRANCE 5.7• 10 SO KOREA 5.7
SOURCE: TOTAL INTERNET USE INCLUDES TOP 10 GLOBAL USERS. MMXU EUROPE, COMPUTER INDUSTRY ALMANAC, PC DATA ONLINE, UNPUBLISHED MANUSCRIPT BY RJ
GANAHL
WEB LEADERS IN 1999
• 1st USA 110.8m• 2nd JAPAN 18.2• 3rd UK 13.9• 4th CANADA 13.3• 5th GERMANY 12.3• 6th AUSTRAL 6.8• 7th BRAZIL 6.8• 8th CHINA 6.3• 9th FRANCE 5.7• 10 SO KOREA 5.7
SOURCE: TOTAL INTERNET USE INCLUDES TOP 10 GLOBAL USERS. MMXU EUROPE, COMPUTER INDUSTRY ALMANAC, PC DATA ONLINE, UNPUBLISHED MANUSCRIPT BY RJ
GANAHL
WEB LEADERS IN 2005
• 1st USA 159m• 2nd CHINA 94• 3rd JAPAN 57.2• 4th GERMANY 39• 5th SO KOREA 29.2• 6th UK 25• 7th FRANCE 21.9• 8th ITALY 18.5• 9th INDIA 18.5• 10 CANADA 16.1
SOURCE: CIA FACT BOOK, 2005
SOURCE: CIA FACT BOOK, 2005
WEB LEADERS IN 2005
• 1st USA 159m• 2nd CHINA 94• 3rd JAPAN 57.2• 4th GERMANY 39• 5th SO KOREA 29.2• 6th UK 25• 7th FRANCE 21.9• 8th ITALY 18.5• 9th INDIA 18.5• 10 CANADA 16.1
SOURCE: CIA FACT BOOK, 2005
SOURCE: CIA FACT BOOK, 2005
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Profile of Leading WebcastersProfile of Leading Webcasters
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W-cast Ownership by CountryW-cast Ownership by Country
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Webcast Content by OriginWebcast Content by Origin
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Business Model by CountryBusiness Model by Country
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Content Aggregator
N=111
Branded Content
N=109
Clicks-and-Bricks
29.7% 72.4%
Pure-Plays 50.5% 23.8%
ISPs 19.8% 3.8%
Business Model by Site TypeBusiness Model by Site Type
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First Now B-band LaggardsFirst Now B-band Laggards• FIRST SOUTH KOREA 24.9 per 100 inhab• SECOND HONG KONG 20.9• THIRD NETHERLANDS 19.4• FOURTH DENMARK 19.3• FIFTH CANADA 17.6• SIXTH SWITZERLAND 17.0• SVNTH TAIWAN 16.3• EIGTH BELGIUM 16.0• NINTH ICELAND 15.5• TENTH SWEDEN 15.1• TWELTH JAPAN 14.1• FIFTNTH UNITED STATES 11.4• SVNTH UNITED KINGDOM 10.3
SOURCE: INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION, 2005
• FIRST SOUTH KOREA 24.9 per 100 inhab• SECOND HONG KONG 20.9• THIRD NETHERLANDS 19.4• FOURTH DENMARK 19.3• FIFTH CANADA 17.6• SIXTH SWITZERLAND 17.0• SVNTH TAIWAN 16.3• EIGTH BELGIUM 16.0• NINTH ICELAND 15.5• TENTH SWEDEN 15.1• TWELTH JAPAN 14.1• FIFTNTH UNITED STATES 11.4• SVNTH UNITED KINGDOM 10.3
SOURCE: INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION, 2005
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B-band Delivery by Tech’yB-band Delivery by Tech’yRANK C’TRY DSL CATV TOT TOTAL
SUBS’RB
• 1st SO KOREA 14.1 8.5 24.9 11.921 mill• 3rd DENMARK 11.8 5.5 18.8 1.013• 5th CANADA 8.6 9.1 17.8 5.631• 8th JAPAN 10.4 2.3 15.0 19.097• 10th NORWAY 12.3 2.0 14.9 .680• 12th USA 4.7 7.4 13.0 37.900• 14th UK 7.1 3.4 10.5 6.256• 17th SPAIN 6.4 2.0 8.4 3.441• 18th GERMANY 8.1 0.2 8.4 6.905• 20th ITALY 7.6 0 8.1 4.701• 21st AUSTRALIA 5.7 2.0 7.7 1.548• 30th GREECE 0.4 0 0.4 .048• TOTAL OECD 6.2 3.4 10.3 118.599
SOURCE: ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION & DEVELOOPMENT (OECD), 2005
RANK C’TRY DSL CATV TOT TOTAL SUBS’RB
• 1st SO KOREA 14.1 8.5 24.9 11.921 mill• 3rd DENMARK 11.8 5.5 18.8 1.013• 5th CANADA 8.6 9.1 17.8 5.631• 8th JAPAN 10.4 2.3 15.0 19.097• 10th NORWAY 12.3 2.0 14.9 .680• 12th USA 4.7 7.4 13.0 37.900• 14th UK 7.1 3.4 10.5 6.256• 17th SPAIN 6.4 2.0 8.4 3.441• 18th GERMANY 8.1 0.2 8.4 6.905• 20th ITALY 7.6 0 8.1 4.701• 21st AUSTRALIA 5.7 2.0 7.7 1.548• 30th GREECE 0.4 0 0.4 .048• TOTAL OECD 6.2 3.4 10.3 118.599
SOURCE: ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION & DEVELOOPMENT (OECD), 2005
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A Global Model of Convergence A Global Model of Convergence
• GEOGRAPHY• GOVERNMENT’S ROLE• POLITICAL STRUCTURE• MEDIA INDUSTRY• TECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE• CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT
• GEOGRAPHY• GOVERNMENT’S ROLE• POLITICAL STRUCTURE• MEDIA INDUSTRY• TECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE• CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT
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Geography: Foster or HinderGeography: Foster or Hinder
• SMALL LAND & DENSE POPULATION: FOSTER GROWTH: SO KOREA & HK• LARGE LAND & SPREAD POPULATION: HINDER CHANGE: UNITED STATES• LARGE LAND & SPREAD POPULATION: COHESION: CANADA
Government: Promote or Stall
• SMALL LAND & DENSE POPULATION: FOSTER GROWTH: SO KOREA & HK• LARGE LAND & SPREAD POPULATION: HINDER CHANGE: UNITED STATES• LARGE LAND & SPREAD POPULATION: COHESION: CANADA
Government: Promote or Stall
• PROMOTE GROWTH & COMPETITION: FOSTER GROWTH: ASIA & SCANDAVIA
• PROTECT STATUS QUO: SLOW GROWTH & STIFLE ENTRY: UNITED STATES
• COMPETE WITH PRIVATE SECTOR: LEVY FEES & AD SALES: UK & EUROPE
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Political: Censorship or OpenPolitical: Censorship or Open
• WEB = TOOL OF SOCIALIZATION: CONTROL CONTENT: CHINA• THEOCRACY & TRANS-NATIONALISM: RELIGIOUS CONTENT: ARAB AREAS• MINIMAL INTEFERENCE: CONTENT EXPERIMENTATION: NA, E & ASIA
Media Industry: Friend or Foe
• WEB = TOOL OF SOCIALIZATION: CONTROL CONTENT: CHINA• THEOCRACY & TRANS-NATIONALISM: RELIGIOUS CONTENT: ARAB AREAS• MINIMAL INTEFERENCE: CONTENT EXPERIMENTATION: NA, E & ASIA
Media Industry: Friend or Foe
• STRONG TRADITIONAL MEDIA: CONTENT EXPERIMENTATION NA, E & ASIA
• UNIQUE MEDIA HISTORY: PIRATE RADIO, MY-OWN MEDIA, P2P: ITALY
• STRONG GOV/TMEDIA CONTROL: STIFLE WEB EXPERIMENTATION: MANY C&B’S
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Technology InfrastructureTechnology Infrastructure
• NEW INFRASTRUCTURE & DELIVERY: WIRELESS, 3G, 3rd SREEN: JAPAN• FIRST GENERATION INFRASTRUCTURE: DSL & CATV RELIANCE: USA• FUTURISTIC ORIENTATION: CONTENT EXPERIMENTATION: ASIA
Cultural Environment
• NEW INFRASTRUCTURE & DELIVERY: WIRELESS, 3G, 3rd SREEN: JAPAN• FIRST GENERATION INFRASTRUCTURE: DSL & CATV RELIANCE: USA• FUTURISTIC ORIENTATION: CONTENT EXPERIMENTATION: ASIA
Cultural Environment
• GREECE: LARGE EX-PAT POPULATION: INTERNET TOOL OF CONNECTION
• MIDDLE EAST: TRANSNATIONAL THEOCRACY: INTERNET TOOL OF SOCIALIZATION
• EUROPEAN TRADITIONAL ROLE OF GOVERNMENT: INTERNET IS CULTURAL TOOL
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Some General Observations Some General Observations
• INTERNET=GLOBAL SITES=LOCAL
• DIGITAL DIVIDE: WITHIN & AMONG
• MICROSOFT = GLOBAL ELEPHANT
• RELATIVELY FEW GLOBAL BRANDS
• CONTENT: ADULT, MUSIC, GAMING
• MASS MEDIUM TO MY-OWN
MEDIUM
• INTERNET=GLOBAL SITES=LOCAL
• DIGITAL DIVIDE: WITHIN & AMONG
• MICROSOFT = GLOBAL ELEPHANT
• RELATIVELY FEW GLOBAL BRANDS
• CONTENT: ADULT, MUSIC, GAMING
• MASS MEDIUM TO MY-OWN
MEDIUM
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LET’S DO IT AGAIN!!!LET’S DO IT AGAIN!!!