MECHANIZED PROCESSING OF BIG BROADLEAVED … · broadleaved crowns an operational reality p. ruch,...

20
MECHANIZED PROCESSING OF BIG BROADLEAVED CROWNS AN OPERATIONAL REALITY P. Ruch, X. Montagny, A. Bouvet (FCBA) E. Ulrich, P. George (ONF) FORMEC 2016, Warsaw, Poland 7 th September 2016

Transcript of MECHANIZED PROCESSING OF BIG BROADLEAVED … · broadleaved crowns an operational reality p. ruch,...

Page 1: MECHANIZED PROCESSING OF BIG BROADLEAVED … · broadleaved crowns an operational reality p. ruch, ... total 73 cycles) ... mechanized processing of big broadleaved crowns an operational

MECHANIZED PROCESSING OF BIG BROADLEAVED CROWNS

AN OPERATIONAL REALITY

P. Ruch, X. Montagny, A. Bouvet (FCBA) E. Ulrich, P. George (ONF)

FORMEC 2016, Warsaw, Poland 7th September 2016

Page 2: MECHANIZED PROCESSING OF BIG BROADLEAVED … · broadleaved crowns an operational reality p. ruch, ... total 73 cycles) ... mechanized processing of big broadleaved crowns an operational

Crown mechanization: a challenge!

2

Motor-manual workforce Demand of biomass Invasion of irritating caterpillars (Thaumetopoea

processionnea) in Moselle human health problems

Page 3: MECHANIZED PROCESSING OF BIG BROADLEAVED … · broadleaved crowns an operational reality p. ruch, ... total 73 cycles) ... mechanized processing of big broadleaved crowns an operational

3

Crowns: a source of additional biomass Important resource in public forests: 17 500 ha/year in 3 regions => 247 000 – 411 000 m3/year (oak and beech)

Last thinnings

Regeneration cuttings (3 progressive regeneration cuttings and

final clear cutting)

Page 4: MECHANIZED PROCESSING OF BIG BROADLEAVED … · broadleaved crowns an operational reality p. ruch, ... total 73 cycles) ... mechanized processing of big broadleaved crowns an operational

Specifications of the logging system

4

Capable of processing the crowns from the permanent corridors while preserving the remaining trees and the regeneration

Efficient whatever crown’s morphology, reliable and cost-effective

Operated from an enclosed cab

Page 5: MECHANIZED PROCESSING OF BIG BROADLEAVED … · broadleaved crowns an operational reality p. ruch, ... total 73 cycles) ... mechanized processing of big broadleaved crowns an operational

5

The logging systems tested

Single machine system

Two machines system

Case studies : 2 forwarders, 5 logging sites, 2013/2014

Case studies : 1 excavator + 1 forwarder, 2 logging sites, 2015

Grapple saw

weight scale on the boom

Page 6: MECHANIZED PROCESSING OF BIG BROADLEAVED … · broadleaved crowns an operational reality p. ruch, ... total 73 cycles) ... mechanized processing of big broadleaved crowns an operational

Single machine system

6

HSM 208F 12 T + Compactor

Valmet 801 Combi 13 T

• Crane 10 m + grapple saw+ weight scale • Enclosed cab with air filtration • 8 wheeled machine with flat tiles tracks

Page 7: MECHANIZED PROCESSING OF BIG BROADLEAVED … · broadleaved crowns an operational reality p. ruch, ... total 73 cycles) ... mechanized processing of big broadleaved crowns an operational

Two machines system

7

Excavator TEREX TCX 125 Ponsse Gazelle 10 T

• Crane 5,9 m • Grapple saw

• Crane 10 m • Boom scale

Page 8: MECHANIZED PROCESSING OF BIG BROADLEAVED … · broadleaved crowns an operational reality p. ruch, ... total 73 cycles) ... mechanized processing of big broadleaved crowns an operational

Single machine system

8

Page 9: MECHANIZED PROCESSING OF BIG BROADLEAVED … · broadleaved crowns an operational reality p. ruch, ... total 73 cycles) ... mechanized processing of big broadleaved crowns an operational

Content of the case studies Time studies on a sample of cycles (from 5 to

18 forwarding cycles by site, total 73 cycles) Work step recorded every 15 seconds (Instant

Observations method) Moving empty Processing : moving out the boom, preparation of

the crown, crosscutting… Loading and moving from one crown to another Moving back with load to the landing area Unloading

9

Page 10: MECHANIZED PROCESSING OF BIG BROADLEAVED … · broadleaved crowns an operational reality p. ruch, ... total 73 cycles) ... mechanized processing of big broadleaved crowns an operational

Characteristics of the 7 logging sites

10

FEN-P054FEN-P076

FEN-P191

FEN-P083

SAN-P194

CHA-P185

RAN-P5

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 20 40 60 80 100

Ha

rve

st t

on

s/h

a

Density of remaining trees (DBH ≥40 cm), N/ha

Regeneration cuttings Last thinnings

Triangles = HSM, Scares = Valmet, Circles = 2 machines system. Fresh tons

Page 11: MECHANIZED PROCESSING OF BIG BROADLEAVED … · broadleaved crowns an operational reality p. ruch, ... total 73 cycles) ... mechanized processing of big broadleaved crowns an operational

Characteristics of the crowns

73 forwarding cycles for 276 crowns (522 tons)

11 Mean and confidence interval of 95%

Page 12: MECHANIZED PROCESSING OF BIG BROADLEAVED … · broadleaved crowns an operational reality p. ruch, ... total 73 cycles) ... mechanized processing of big broadleaved crowns an operational

Results

Lesson 1 Machines equipped with grapple saw were able to process all crowns

Lesson 2 The distance between the corridors and the crane’s capacity are key factors

Lesson 3 Using a crane preserves the remaining trees and/or the regeneration

12

Results: machines suited for the processing of the crowns!

Page 13: MECHANIZED PROCESSING OF BIG BROADLEAVED … · broadleaved crowns an operational reality p. ruch, ... total 73 cycles) ... mechanized processing of big broadleaved crowns an operational

Productivity: main determinants (1/5) Lesson 4 The forwarding distance influences forwarder’s

productivity

13 But distance is not the only criteria…

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

0 250 500 750 1000

Pro

du

ctiv

ity

t/p

mh

Forwarding distance (m)FEN-P076 FEN-P054 CHA-P185

Page 14: MECHANIZED PROCESSING OF BIG BROADLEAVED … · broadleaved crowns an operational reality p. ruch, ... total 73 cycles) ... mechanized processing of big broadleaved crowns an operational

Lesson 5 The high expansion rate of crowns hinders the overall transported tonnage…

14 … whereas the compactor increases loading rate

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

140%

160%

Load

ing

rate

SAN-P194 RAN-P5

Gazelle 10_S

FEN-P076 FEN-P054 FEN-P083FEN-P191

COMBI_13_S HSM F12_S HSM F12_CCHA-P185

Loading rate = mean load/theoretical load capacity

Productivity: main determinants (2/5)

Page 15: MECHANIZED PROCESSING OF BIG BROADLEAVED … · broadleaved crowns an operational reality p. ruch, ... total 73 cycles) ... mechanized processing of big broadleaved crowns an operational

15

Lesson 6 Time consumption for processing crowns is the lowest for the single machine system

Productivity: main determinants (3/5)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

SAN-P194 FEN-P076 FEN-P054 FEN-P083 FEN-P191 CHA-P185 RAN-P5

s/t

Unloading

On load moving

Processing + loading

Loading

Slash processing

Processing

Moving empty

2 machines systemSingle machine system about 600 to 700

s/t for the 2 machines system, (global productivity of the whole system of 5.1 à 6.2 t/pmh)

200 to almost 400 s/t for the single machine system (9.7 up to 17.8 t/pmh)

Time consumption for a fresh ton

Page 16: MECHANIZED PROCESSING OF BIG BROADLEAVED … · broadleaved crowns an operational reality p. ruch, ... total 73 cycles) ... mechanized processing of big broadleaved crowns an operational

16

Lesson 7 Productive working time is proportional to number of saw cuts

Processing time (for the single machine system loading is included) and number of saw cuts Correlation coefficient (Pearson, r) = 0.92; p < 0.0001.

Productivity: main determinants (4/5)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Pro

cess

ing

tim

e (

s)

Number of saw cuts

SAN-P194

FEN-P076

FEN-P054

FEN-P083

FEN-P191

CHA-P185

RAN-P005

Page 17: MECHANIZED PROCESSING OF BIG BROADLEAVED … · broadleaved crowns an operational reality p. ruch, ... total 73 cycles) ... mechanized processing of big broadleaved crowns an operational

17

Lesson 8 Additional processing of the slash hinders productivity

Productivity: main determinants (5/5)

Lesson 9 The higher the crop per ha, the better the productivity of the operation

7% of the working time for RAN-P5

and up to 21% for CHA-P185

Page 18: MECHANIZED PROCESSING OF BIG BROADLEAVED … · broadleaved crowns an operational reality p. ruch, ... total 73 cycles) ... mechanized processing of big broadleaved crowns an operational

Extracting costs

18

FEN-P054

FEN-P191

FEN-P083

SAN-P194FEN-P076

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Tech

nic

al c

ost

€/t

Mean productivity t/h

60% 70% 80%

Single machine system, the technical costs vary between 7.6 and 14 €/ton Two machines system, the technical cost of the excavator varies from 12.8 to 16 €/ton + forwarder’s technical costs are about 7.3 €/ton => 20.1 €/ton to 23.3 €/ton

Page 19: MECHANIZED PROCESSING OF BIG BROADLEAVED … · broadleaved crowns an operational reality p. ruch, ... total 73 cycles) ... mechanized processing of big broadleaved crowns an operational

Conclusion

19

The full mechanization of large broadleaved crowns is an operational reality and has been facilitated by the development of wood energy

The grapple saw has proven to be an efficient and easy to use tool, in addition to being a small investment for the entrepreneur

The single machine system, a forwarder equipped with a grapple saw, is the best performing system

An asset of the 2 machines system (excavator with grapple saw and forwarder) is the capacity to separate the operations in time

This study contributed to highlighting the various factors which influence the productivity of the systems

Page 20: MECHANIZED PROCESSING OF BIG BROADLEAVED … · broadleaved crowns an operational reality p. ruch, ... total 73 cycles) ... mechanized processing of big broadleaved crowns an operational

Thank you for your attention!

Contact: [email protected]