MECHANIZED EXCAVATION OF D2 LONG TRANSPORT...

Seite 1 27. September, 2004June 17, 2008

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MECHANIZED EXCAVATION OF LONG TRANSPORT TUNNELS

Concrete Segments for Tunnel Linings –Field of Application and Design

Prague, June 17, 2008Andreas Beil / Alfred Schulter

D2 Consult ZT-GmbH, Linz / Austria

Seite 2 27. September, 2004

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Andreas BeilConcrete Segments for Tunnel Linings – Field of Applicat ion and Design

June 17, 2008

Content of this presentation

Design Principles and InputsConstruction SystemsSegment Lining SystemsRing GeometrySealing SystemsRequirements to SystemsInfluencesJoint ConfigurationsBolts / Centering ToolsTolerances


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• Approx. Length of tunnel with fixed diameterexceeding approx. 2,000 meter.

• Combine TBM- and segment designer immediatelyafter fixing of method and before start of design work.

• Both designs should show minimum 10 years of relevant experience.

• Client to specify dual requirements of TBM and lining .

• Distribution of technical responsibilities at interfa ce.

Principles of Segmental Linings


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• Minimum Radius of Tunnel allignment

• Maximum Diameter of Tunnel

• Dual requirements of TBM and lining (e.g. width of thering, segments per ring, max. loadings of TBM thrusts )

• Geotechnical datas (e.g. max. overburden, max. ground water pressure)

Basic Inputs for Design of Segmental Linings

• Other requirements (e.g. fire loadings, tunneloperation loadings, earth quake, minimum tolerances)


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Thrusters of TBM


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Master Ring

Master ring for checking of defined tolerance and segme nt details


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Construction Systems (1)

Segment Lining system with fixed diameter

Lining totally with segments

Closed longitudinal joints – fixed outer diameter

Filling of annular space with gap grouting material


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Expendet segment Lining with variable diameter

Lining totally with segments

Variable outer diameter

Segment system with compressing elements –Filling of annular space with gap grouting material


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Lining Systems with invert segments

Integration of purpose formed invert segments

Function: immediate fastening (invert, carriageway, drainage)

Invert segment part of final lining


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Lining system with conventional supportingelements and integrated invert segments

precast segments in invert only

Use of shotcrete, anchors and cast-in-place concrete

Carriageway with drainage

Part of final segment lining


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Single lining system with invert segment


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Single-lining with segments

Full support of excavation survace

Structural safety of tunnel

Serviceablity of tunnel (water tightness, durability)

Quality requirements to tunnel lining surface


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Double-lining systems with segments and final lining of cast in place concrete

Sustainable final lining constructed as cast-in-place inner layer

Absorbing of ground water loadings by final cast-in-placelining

Segment lining will absorb all other geotechnical loadings


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Double-lining systems with segments and functional final lining

Function of final lining is limited (e.g. fire loading, sealing, collision protection, …)

Function or segment lining equal to single-lining system


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Double Lining System


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Double-lining system with invert segmentsCombination of invert segment with shotcrete final liningFunction of integrated invert segment

Immediate fasteningProtection of excavation intradosServiceability of tunnel construction (watertightness, durability)


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Segment Systems

Rectangle system

Trapezoid system

Rhomboid system

Hexagonal system


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Example for Trapezoid Segments


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Rhomboid key stone segment


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Example for Hexagonal Segments


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Details of Segment Geometry


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Ring Geometry

Parallel Ring system

Parallel Ring system with corrections rings

Left-Right-Systems

Universal Ring Systems


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Watertightness

Membrane SystemsInstallation between segment lining and cast-in-placeconcrete final liningAbsorbing of ground water loadings by cast-in-placeconcrete final lining

GasketsInstallation in special grooves of the segment jointsAbsorbing of full ground water loadings by thesegments


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Ring Geometry Examples


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Tailor-Made Gaskets

Tunnel-Type Challenge Dätwyler solution

Big Diameters and offsetsHydrocarbons, Fuels

High PressurePotable Water Contact

Big Diameters,Waste Water Contact

Tunnel Ovalizationwith gap opening

Steps of WaterpressureVery High Water Pressure

Soft Geometry, Soft Corner,

Sliding Surface

Specially StableGeometry,

Hydro-swellingtop and lips

Wide Profile, Protected surface or

CR Rubber

Stable Geometry, Drinkwater Rubber

Quality

Hydro-swellingon top,

EPDM Rubber

Road Tunnels

Metro & RailwayTunnels

Water SupplyTunnels

Low to Medium Water Pressure

Low Reaction Forces

Combined SewerOverflowTunnels

Mountain BasisTunnels


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Gasket Details


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Watertightening Capacity of Gaskets


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Interaction Thrust PressureGasket Relaxation

STAGE 2

0

STAGE 1


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Example of Longitudinal Joint


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Example of Longitudinal Jointwith Guiding Rod


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Example of Joint including Gasket


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Joint formations - Shapings

Flat partial area joints

Groove-Tongue joints

Conkave-Convex joints


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Circumferential Flat Joint


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Longitudinal Joint (Groove-Tongue)


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Centering Tools and Fastening Elements

Purpose

Connection of joints (temporary / permanent) throughboltings and dowels

For guaranting stability during implementation

For prohibiting movements

Allow a more precise and simple installation of segments


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Inclined Bolt


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Centering tools and fastening elements

MethodsFlexible tools

Guiding rod (longitudinal joint), dowel (ring joint)Dowells

In longitudinal joints for absorption of traction and thrustNo additional bolting necessary

BoltsFor temporary protection during assemblingIn longitudinal and ring jointsMostly inclined or curved


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CONEX LINING

BOLTED LINING

Joints


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Dowels


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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Deformation [mm]

For

ce [k

N]

Dowel CONEX Dowel SOF-CLIP Dowel ANEXBUCLOCK (Heavy Duty) BUCLOCK (Standard)

Dowel ANEXcapacity: 97,0 kNmax. def.: 15,0 mm

Dowel CONEXcapacity: 102,0 kNmax. def.: 15,6 mm

Dowel SOF-CLIPcapacity: 97,6 kNmax. def.: 23,0 mm

Dowel BUCLOCK(Standard)capacity: 60,0 kNmax. def.: 20,0 mm

Dowel BUCLOCKHeavy Dutycapacity: 100,0 kNmax. def.: 20,0 mm

Shear capacity test curves of dowels


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Steel Dowel


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Example for dowel hole in radial joint


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Segment Tolerances


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Tolerances

SEGMENT PARTITION +-0.02°

THICKNESS +-3mm

RAD

IUS +-2m

mR

ADIU

S +-

1mm

+-1mm

CIRCUMFERENTIAL LENGTH +-1mm


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Tolerances

LENGTH +-1mm

DIAGONAL CORD +-1mm

WID

TH

+-1

mm

WID

TH

+-1

mm


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System requirements related to applicationand utilization

Segment systems for railway tunnelsSingle- and double-lining systemsAll systems except „hexagonal system“ in use

Segment system for Metro tunnelsMostly single-lining sealed systemAll systems except „hexagonal system“ in useBasically universal ring and left-right-systems


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System requirements related to applicationand utilization

Segment systems for road tunnelsSingle- and double-lining systemsAll systems except „hexagonal system“ in useRegarding sealing function all feasible

Segment system for water galleries and tunnelsMostly single-lining systems with open segment layerClosure of joints ex postMostly parallel ring systems (with correction segments) and hexagonal segments in use


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Thank youfor your

attention!

MECHANIZED EXCAVATION OF D2 LONG TRANSPORT...

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