MECHANIZATION OF LILY MICROBULBMECHANIZATION OF LILY MICROBULBMULTIPLICATION OPERATIONSMULTIPLICATION OPERATIONS

Ta-Te Lin and Ching-Lu HsiehTa-Te Lin and Ching-Lu Hsieh

Department of Agricultural Machinery Engineering,Department of Agricultural Machinery Engineering,National Taiwan University,National Taiwan University,

Taipei, Taiwan, ROCTaipei, Taiwan, ROC

MECHANIZATION OF LILY MICROBULBMECHANIZATION OF LILY MICROBULBMULTIPLICATION OPERATIONSMULTIPLICATION OPERATIONS

Ta-Te Lin and Ching-Lu HsiehTa-Te Lin and Ching-Lu Hsieh

Department of Agricultural Machinery Engineering,Department of Agricultural Machinery Engineering,National Taiwan UniversityNational Taiwan University

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION MODELINGMODELING PROCESS OPTIMIZATIONPROCESS OPTIMIZATION MECHANIZATION OF MULTIPLICATION MECHANIZATION OF MULTIPLICATION

PROCESSPROCESS CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

Lily microbulb tissue culture cycleLily microbulb tissue culture cycle Microbulb dissecting and transplantingMicrobulb dissecting and transplanting

LILY MICROBULB TISSUE CULTURE CYCLELILY MICROBULB TISSUE CULTURE CYCLE

LILY MICROBULB TISSUE CULTURE CYCLELILY MICROBULB TISSUE CULTURE CYCLE

LILY MICROBULB IN CULTURE VESSELLILY MICROBULB IN CULTURE VESSEL

MICROBULB DISSECTING AND MICROBULB DISSECTING AND TRANSPLANTINGTRANSPLANTING

Vessel openingVessel opening Bulb grippingBulb gripping Root and leaf removalRoot and leaf removal Bulb gradingBulb grading Bulb scale separationBulb scale separation Scale transplantingScale transplanting Vessel sealingVessel sealing Vessel labelingVessel labeling

MODELINGMODELING

Analysis of manual operationAnalysis of manual operation Batch process modelBatch process model Stepwise process modelStepwise process model

ANALYSIS OF MANUAL OPERATIONANALYSIS OF MANUAL OPERATION

DCB

Take out lilybulbs1.60%

Scale separation26.50%

Other3.10%

Root and leafremoval plus

grading52.90%

Scaletranplanting

15.90%

ANALYSIS OF MANUAL OPERATIONANALYSIS OF MANUAL OPERATION

TSRI

Take out lilybulbs

14.31%

Scaletranplanting

11.51%Other

12.41%

Root and leafremoval plus

grading14.31%

Scale separation47.45%

ANALYSIS OF MANUAL OPERATIONANALYSIS OF MANUAL OPERATION

TSIPS

Root and leafremoval plus

grading21.60%

Scale separation43.30%

Other0.50%Scale

tranplanting21.60%

Take out lilybulbs

13.00%

FLOW CHART OF LILY MICROBULB FLOW CHART OF LILY MICROBULB MULTIPLICATION PROCESSMULTIPLICATION PROCESS

Generate random variates of entry vesselquantity for daily multiplication process

Process vessels individually

Generate random variates for multiplicationrate and single vessel processing time

Record number of finished vessels andprocessing time

All the entry vesselsprocessed ?

Yes

Report simulation results

Start

End

No

BATCH PROCESS MODELBATCH PROCESS MODEL

STEPWISE PROCESS MODELSTEPWISE PROCESS MODEL

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

7.0 8.5 10.0 11.5 13.0 14.5 16.0 17.5 19.0 20.5 22.0 23.5 25.0

Entry Vessel Quantity

Prob

abilit

y

Probability of measured entry vessel quantity Probability of measured entry vessel quantity with fitted lognormal density functionwith fitted lognormal density function

Probability of measured single vessel processing time Probability of measured single vessel processing time with fitted lognormal density functionwith fitted lognormal density function

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

13.0 17.2 21.4 25.6 29.8 34.0 38.2 42.4 46.6 50.8 55.0

Single Vessel Processing Time (min)

Prob

abilit

y

Probability of measured propagation rate Probability of measured propagation rate with fitted lognormal density functionwith fitted lognormal density function

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

1.8 2.3 2.8 3.3 3.8 4.3 4.8 5.3 5.8 6.3 6.8 7.3 7.8 8.3 8.8

Propagation Rate

Prob

abilit

y

Total processing time, as affected by entry vessel quantity under Total processing time, as affected by entry vessel quantity under various single vessel processing times (ST)various single vessel processing times (ST)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

-2 -1 0 1 2 3

Coded Entry Vessel Quantity

Proc

essin

g Ti

me (

min

)ST=-1

ST=0

ST=1

ST=2

ST=3

Finished vessel quantity, as affected by entry vessel quantity Finished vessel quantity, as affected by entry vessel quantity under various multiplication rates (MR)under various multiplication rates (MR)

0

50

100

150

200

250

-2 -1 0 1 2 3

Coded Entry Vessel Quantity

Fini

shed

Ves

sel Q

uant

ity

MR=-1

MR=0

MR=1

MR=2

MR=3

Contour plot of predicted finished vessel quantities (dotted lines) Contour plot of predicted finished vessel quantities (dotted lines) and total processing times (solid lines)and total processing times (solid lines)

-1 .00 -0 .80 -0 .60 -0 .40 -0 .20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00

Input V es sel

-1 .00

-0 .80

-0 .60

-0 .40

-0 .20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

Sin

gle

Ves

sel P

roce

ssin

g T

ime

-1 .00 -0 .80 -0 .60 -0 .40 -0 .20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00-1.00

-0 .80

-0 .60

-0 .40

-0 .20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

Contour plot of predicted finished vessel quantities (dotted lines) Contour plot of predicted finished vessel quantities (dotted lines) and total processing times (solid lines)and total processing times (solid lines)

-1 .00 -0.80 -0.60 -0.40 -0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00-1.00

-0.80

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

-1.00 -0.80 -0.60 -0.40 -0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00

Input V es sels

-1 .00

-0.80

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

Mul

tiplic

atio

n R

ate

PROCESS OPTIMIZATIONPROCESS OPTIMIZATION

Response surface method (RSM)Response surface method (RSM) Optimum analysisOptimum analysis

RESPONSE SURFACE METHODRESPONSE SURFACE METHOD

Experimental designExperimental design Parameter estimationParameter estimation Reliability testReliability test Response surface examinationResponse surface examination

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNEXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

Dependent variablesDependent variables• Separation rateSeparation rate• Injury rateInjury rate

Independent variablesIndependent variables• Cutting positionCutting position• Spinning speedSpinning speed• Separation timeSeparation time

Symbol FactorsIndependentVariables

Coded Uncoded Coded Uncoded

Cutting Position X1 CP10-1

ABD

Spinning Speed X2 RPM10-1

1000 rpm1500 rpm2000 rpm

Separation Time X3 PT10-1

5 s10 s15 s

Values of the coded and uncoded independent variables in the Values of the coded and uncoded independent variables in the RSM analysis of microbulb scale separation operationRSM analysis of microbulb scale separation operation

Coded Variables Experimental Results

Operation No.Cutting

Position

(CP)

Spinning

Speed

(RPM)

Separation

Time

(PT)

Separation

Rate

(%)

Injury Rate

(%)1 1 1 0 32.0 12.52 1 -1 0 100.0 83.33 -1 1 0 17.0 7.14 -1 -1 0 10.0 79.65 1 0 1 71.1 21.46 1 0 -1 100.0 6.17 -1 0 1 32.8 11.58 -1 0 -1 92.3 33.39 0 1 1 15.2 0.010 0 1 -1 37.1 0.011 0 -1 1 84.0 29.012 0 -1 -1 100.0 45.213 0 0 0 40.0 57.514 0 0 0 45.2 35.015 0 0 0 50.6 30.6

Experimental conditions of the Box-Behnken experimental Experimental conditions of the Box-Behnken experimental design for RSM analysis and the experimental resultsdesign for RSM analysis and the experimental results

Coefficients ofRegression

Separation Rate (%) Injury Rate (%)

β k0 45.27 41.03

β k1 7.62 -0.9

β k2 -35.34 -26.94

β k3 -15.79 -2.71

β k11 15.98 2.06

β k22 1.00 2.28

β k33 12.80 -25.02

β k12 3.75 0.18

β k13 7.65 9.28

β k23 -1.48 3.80

Coefficients of the regressed 2nd order polynomial Coefficients of the regressed 2nd order polynomial equations for separation rate and injury rateequations for separation rate and injury rate

3

1

2

1

3

1

23

10

ijjikij

iiikii

iikikk xxxx

3

1

2

1

3

1

23

10

ijjikij

iiikii

iikikk xxxx

Predicted separation rate (solid line) and injury rate Predicted separation rate (solid line) and injury rate (dotted line) for microbulb of cutting position A(dotted line) for microbulb of cutting position A

-1 .00 -0 .80 -0 .60 -0 .40 -0 .20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00-1 .00

-0 .80

-0 .60

-0 .40

-0 .20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

-1 .00 -0 .80 -0 .60 -0 .40 -0 .20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00

S p inn ing Sp ee d (co ded R PM )

-1 .00

-0 .80

-0 .60

-0 .40

-0 .20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

Sep

arat

ionT

ime

(cod

ed s

)

Predicted separation rate (solid line) and injury rate Predicted separation rate (solid line) and injury rate (dotted line) for microbulb of cutting position B(dotted line) for microbulb of cutting position B

-1 .00 -0 .80 -0 .60 -0 .40 -0 .20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00-1 .00

-0 .80

-0 .60

-0 .40

-0 .20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

-1 .00 -0 .80 -0 .60 -0 .40 -0 .20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00

R ev olu tio n (c od ed RP M )

-1 .00

-0 .80

-0 .60

-0 .40

-0 .20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

Sep

arat

ion

Tim

e (c

oded

sec

)

Predicted separation rate (solid line) and injury rate Predicted separation rate (solid line) and injury rate (dotted line) for microbulb of cutting position D(dotted line) for microbulb of cutting position D

-1 .00 -0 .80 -0 .60 -0 .40 -0 .20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00-1 .00

-0 .80

-0 .60

-0 .40

-0 .20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

-1 .00 -0 .80 -0 .60 -0 .40 -0 .20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00

R ev olu tio n (co ded R PM )

-1 .00

-0 .80

-0 .60

-0 .40

-0 .20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

Sep

arat

ion

Tim

e (c

oded

sec

)

Separation Rate Injury Rate Propagation Rate

TreatmentMeasured

ValuePredicted

Value

RelativeDiscrepancy

(%)

MeasuredValue

PredictedValue

RelativeDiscrepancy

(%)

MeasuredValue

15A1500 92.6 4.2 89.8 3.1 26.222.7 10.6 147.2 3.51.210A1900 97.0 4.1 94.8 2.4 30.522.3 65.1 53.1 3.81.810A1100 40.311.7 44.2 8.8 22.528.0 22.2 1.4 2.51.115B1550 80.3 8.9 77.3 3.9 15.910.8 21.8 27.3 3.40.610B1900 94.4 6.0 74.2 27.2 23.619.7 64.0 63.2 3.50.210B1100 39.8 6.6 17.6 126.1 27.532.6 20.9 31.2 2.60.615D1350 66.319.9 78.7 15.7 15.623.8 21.9 28.9 3.91.910D1900 81.5 3.7 85.5 4.7 13.115.7 67.1 80.6 4.10.810D1100 39.7 9.2 23.0 72.6 14.613.8 23.8 38.3 2.50.3

Comparison between predicted and measured Comparison between predicted and measured separation rate, injury rate and propagation rate of separation rate, injury rate and propagation rate of the validation experimentthe validation experiment

MECHANIZATION OF MULTIPLICATION MECHANIZATION OF MULTIPLICATION PROCESSPROCESS

Scale separation Scale separation Scale transplantingScale transplanting Other mechanical componentsOther mechanical components

SCALE SEPARATIONSCALE SEPARATION

Separation rate of lily microbulb with cutting position Separation rate of lily microbulb with cutting position A as affected by separation time, spinning speedA as affected by separation time, spinning speed

510

1530

1,000

1,500

2,000

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0

100.0

Sep

arat

ion

Rat

e (%

)

Separation Time (s)

Spinning Speed(rpm)

Separation rate of lily microbulb with cutting position Separation rate of lily microbulb with cutting position B as affected by separation time, spinning speedB as affected by separation time, spinning speed

510

1530

1,000

1,500

2,000

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0

100.0

Sep

arat

ion

Rat

e (%

)

Separation Time (s)

Spinning Speed(rpm)

Separation rate of lily microbulb with cutting position Separation rate of lily microbulb with cutting position C as affected by separation time, spinning speedC as affected by separation time, spinning speed

510

1530

1,000

1,500

2,000

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0

100.0

Sepa

ratio

n R

ate

(%)

Separation Time (s)

Spinning Speed(rpm)

Separation rate of lily microbulb with cutting position Separation rate of lily microbulb with cutting position D as affected by separation time, spinning speedD as affected by separation time, spinning speed

510

1530

1,000

1,500

2,000

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0

100.0

Sepa

ratio

n R

ate

(%)

Separation Time (s)

Spinning Speed(rpm)

Injury rate of lily microbulb with cutting position A as Injury rate of lily microbulb with cutting position A as affected by separation time, spinning speedaffected by separation time, spinning speed

510

15

1,000

1,500

2,000

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100In

jury

Rat

e (%

)

Separation Time (s)

Spinning Speed(rpm)

Injury rate of lily microbulb with cutting position B as Injury rate of lily microbulb with cutting position B as affected by separation time, spinning speedaffected by separation time, spinning speed

510

15

1,000

1,500

2,000

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100In

jury

Rat

e (%

)

Separation Time (s)

Spinning Speed(rpm)

Injury rate of lily microbulb with cutting position C as Injury rate of lily microbulb with cutting position C as affected by separation time, spinning speedaffected by separation time, spinning speed

510

15

1,000

1,500

2,000

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100In

jury

Rat

e (%

)

Separation Time (s)

Spinning Speed(rpm)

Injury rate of lily microbulb with cutting position D as Injury rate of lily microbulb with cutting position D as affected by separation time, spinning speedaffected by separation time, spinning speed

510

15

1,000

1,500

2,000

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100In

jury

Rat

e (%

)

Separation Time (s)

Spinning Speed(rpm)

SCALE TRANSPLANTINGSCALE TRANSPLANTING

1. PLC control box. 2. Conveyer driving motor. 3. Control panel. 4. Vacuum pressure

gauge. 5. Supporting frame. 6. Vibrator. 7. Transplanting needles. 8. Tissue culture vessel.

9. Vibrating bulb scale tray. 10. Connecting tubes. 11. Chain conveyer.

CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS The bulb scale separation and transplanting

operation was identified as the most laborious operation in the process.

A batch-type model and a stepwise model were constructed to study the influence of operation parameters.

At an optimum spinning speed and separation time, lily microbulb could be successfully separated into scales with acceptable injury rate.

A bulb scale separation and transplanting machine was developed and the process was optimized.

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

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