Mechanical Project PDFProject Project13

8/10/2019 Mechanical Project PDFProject Project13

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PROJECT REPORT

ON

PROTECT OUR SHELTER FROM

LEAKAGE OF LPG GAS USING GSM

TECHNIQUE

SUBMITTED BY

Sr. No. Name of the Student Roll No.

1. JAY MUDBIDRI 29

2. VIKAS TIWARI 44

3. RAHUL GUPTA 21

4. SRIKANT YADAV 06

Department Industrial Electronics

SHREE RAM POLYTECHNICAIROLI, NAVI MUMBAI – 400 708



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CONTENTS

Sr.No.

Title Page No.

1. Abstract……………………………………………………………………………. 3

2. Introduction…………………………………………………………………….. 4

3. Block Diagram & Explanation………………………………………….. 5

4. Flowchart …………………………………………………………………………. 15

5. Circuit Diagram………………………………………………………………. 16

6. Conclusion and Future Scope………………………………………….. 17

7. Applications…………………………………………………………………… 17



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1.

ABSTRACT

LPG gas detection projects main idea is to implement security systemfor detecting leakage of gas in closed environment. In this project gas leakage isidentified by using sensors which works only in closed environment. In present

situation there are many cases related to gas leakage which cause innocent

people lives and property damage. Implementing this application can be useful

for companies, houses, which can save lives of people.

The presence of dangerous LPG leakage in the cars, service station or in the

storage tank environment can be detected using the Ideal Gas Sensor. This unitcan be easily integrated into a unit that can sound an alarm or give a visualsuggestion of the LPG concentration. The sensor has both admirable sensitivity

and rapid response time. This sensor can also be used to sense other gases like

ISO-butane, propane, LNG and even cigarette smoke.

The output of the sensor goes LOW as soon as the LPG sensor senses any gas

leakage from the storage. This is detected by the microcontroller and the LED & buzzer is turned ON. After the delay of few milliseconds, the exhaust fan is also

turned ON for throwing the gas out and it continues sending message as „GAS

LEAKAGE‟ to a mobile number which is pre-defined.



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2.

INTRODUCTION

LPG gas is supplied in pressurized steel cylinders. As this gas is heavier

than air, when it leaks from a cylinder it flows along floor and tends to settle in

low spots such as a basement. This can cause fire or suffocation if not dealtwith. Here is a circuit that detects the leakage of LPG gas and alerts the user

through audio-visual indications.

This LPG Gas Sensor (MQ6), ideal sensor for use to detect the presence of a

dangerous Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and it has high sensitivity to propane,

butane, isobutene, natural gas. The sensor can also be used to detect

combustible gases, especially methane. This circuit can detect leakages in yourHome, car or in a service station, storage tank environment. This unit can be

easily implemented to industrial level by upgrading its ranges.

This project is designed to detect the LPG from 200parts per million (PPM) to 10,000 PPM. Whenever there is LPG concentration of

1000 ppm (parts per million) in the area, the OUT pin of the sensor module goes

high. This LPG Gas Sensor can be used to make wireless Gas leak detector in

home security system .The LPG Gas Sensor Module is designed to enable LPG

detection interface to Microcontroller without ADC Channels. By providing aGSM modem we can receive “SMS ALERTS”.

http://vitsnspeceendeavours.blogspot.in/2012/06/gas-leakage-alarm-mini-project-pdf.html

http://vitsnspeceendeavours.blogspot.in/2012/06/gas-leakage-alarm-mini-project-pdf.html



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3. BLOCK DIAGRAM AND EXPLANATION

Microcontroller

LCD Display

RS 232

Interface

GSM Module

Switch Power, Clock

Reset

Relay Driver

AlarmRelay

ExhaustFan

Relay

MQ6

Gas Sensor

TheftSensor

Load

Sensor

ADC

Reset



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3.1. SENSORS:-

1. GAS SENSOR: MQ-6 Gives analog output as per concentration of

combustible gas in air. Used in gas leakage detecting equipments for

detecting of LPG, ISO-butane, propane, LNG combustible gases. The

sensor does not get trigger with the noise of alcohol, cooking fumes and

cigarette smoke.

2. THEFT SENSOR

3. Tactile Bump Sensors are great for collision detection, but the circuit

itself also works fine for user buttons and switches as well. There are

many designs possible for bump switches, often depending on the designand goals of the robot itself. But the circuit remains the same. They

usually implement a mechanical button to short the circuit, pulling the

signal line high or low. An example is the micro switch with a lever

attached to increase its range, as shown above.

SCHEMATICS - TACTILE BUMP SENSOR CIRCUIT

4. There are several versions below, depending on how you plan to use the

circuit and your available switches. For the resistor use a very high

value, such as 40kohms.



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3.2. MICROCONTROLLER 89S51:

1. The AT89s51 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit

microcontroller with 4K bytes of Flash programmable and erasable read only

memory (PEROM). The device is manufactured using Phillips‟s high-

density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry-

standard MCS-51 instruction set and pin out.

2. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-

system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer.

3. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip, the

Phillips AT89s51 is a powerful microcomputer which provides a highly-

flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications.

4. The AT89s51 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero

frequency and supports two Software selectable power saving modes. The

Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial

port and interrupt system to continue functioning. The Power-down Mode

saves the RAM contents but freezes the oscillator disabling all other chip

functions until the next Hardware reset.

3.2.1. FEATURES OF MICROCONTROLLER 89S51:

Compatible with MCS-51™ Products

4K Bytes of In-System Reprogrammable Flash Memory Endurance:

1,000 Write/Erase Cycles Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 24 MHz

Three-level Program Memory Lock

128 x 8-bit Internal RAM

32 Programmable I/O Lines

Two 16-bit Timer/Counters

Six Interrupt Sources

Programmable Serial Channel

Low-power Idle and Power-down Modes



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3.2.2. PIN DIAGRAM OF MICROCONTROLLER 89S51

BASIC RESET CIRCUIT



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3.3. LCD DISPLAY:

3.3.1 DISPLAY:

1. Various display devices such as seven segment display, LCD display, etc

can be interfaced with microcontroller to read the output directly.

2. In our project we use a two line LCD display with 16 characters each.

LCD Liquid crystal Display (LCD) displays temperature of the measured

element, which is calculated by the microcontroller.

3. CMOS technology makes the device ideal for application in hand held,

portable and other battery instruction with low power consumption.

3.3.2. GENERAL SPECIFICATION:

Drive method: 1/16 duty cycle

Display size: 16 character * 2 lines

Character structure: 5*8 dots.

Display data RAM: 80 characters (80*8 bits)

Character generate ROM: 192 characters Character generate RAM: 8 characters (64*8 bits)

Both display data and character generator RAMs can be read from MPU.

Internal automatic reset circuit at power ON.

Built in oscillator circuit

3.3.3.Net Media 2x16 Serial LCD Display Module:



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3.4. POWER SUPPLY:

1.

There are many types of power supply. Most are designed to convert highvoltage AC mains electricity to a suitable low voltage supply for

electronic circuits and other devices.

2. A power supply can by broken down into a series of blocks, each of

which performs a particular function.

For example a 5V regulated supply:

Each of the blocks is described in more detail below:

Transformer - steps down high voltage AC mains to low voltage AC.

Rectifier - converts AC to DC, but the DC output is varying.

Smoothing - smoothes the DC from varying greatly to a small ripple.

Regulator - eliminates ripple by setting DC output to a fixed voltage.

Power supplies made from these blocks are described below with a circuit

diagram and a graph of their output:

Transformer only

Transformer + Rectifier

Transformer + Rectifier + Smoothing

Transformer + Rectifier + Smoothing + Regulator

http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/powersup.htm#transformer

http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/powersup.htm#rectifier

http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/powersup.htm#smoothing

http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/powersup.htm#regulator

http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/powersup.htm#tonly

http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/powersup.htm#tr

http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/powersup.htm#trs

http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/powersup.htm#trsr

http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/powersup.htm#trsr

http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/powersup.htm#trs

http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/powersup.htm#tr

http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/powersup.htm#tonly

http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/powersup.htm#regulator

http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/powersup.htm#smoothing

http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/powersup.htm#rectifier

http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/powersup.htm#transformer



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Transformer only:

The low voltage AC output is suitable for lamps, heaters and special AC

motors. It is not suitable for electronic circuits unless they include a rectifier

and a smoothing capacitor.

Transformer + Rectifier:

The varying DC output is suitable for lamps, heaters and standard motors. It

is not suitable for electronic circuits unless they include a smoothing

capacitor.



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Transformer + Rectifier + Smoothing:

The smooth DC output has a small ripple. It is suitable for most electronic

circuits.

Transformer + Rectifier + Smoothing + Regulator:

The regulated DC output is very smooth with no ripple. It is suitable for all

electronic circuits. The fig. above shows the circuit diagram of the power

supply unit. This block mainly consists of a two regulating IC 7805 and a

bridge rectified and it provides a regulated supply approximately 5V.The

transformer used in this circuit has secondary rating of 7.5V. The main

function of the transformer is to step down the AC voltage available from the

main. The main connections are given to its primary winding through a

switch connected to a phase line.



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The transformer provides a 7.5V AC output at its secondary terminals and

the maximum current that can be drawn from the transformer is 1 Amp

which is well above the required level for the circuit. The bridge rectified the

AC voltage available from the secondary of the transformer, i.e. the bridge

rectifier convert the AC power available into DC power but this DC voltage

available is not constant. It is a unidirectional voltage with varying

amplitude.

To regulate the voltage from the bridge rectifier, capacitors are connected.

Capacitors C1 filter the output voltage of the rectifier but their output is not

regulated and hence 7805 is connected which is specially designed for this

purpose. Although voltage regulators can be designed using op-amps, it isquicker and easier to use IC voltage regulator. Furthermore, IC voltage

regulators are available with features such as programmable output current/

voltage boosting, internal short circuit current limiting, thermal shut down

and floating operation for high voltage applications.

The 78 XX series consists of three terminals like, input, output & ground.

This is a group of fixed positive voltage regulator to give and output voltage

ranging from 5V to 24V. These IC‟s are designed as fixed voltage

regulators and with adequate heat sinking, can delivery output current in

excess of 1 Amp although these devices do not require external components

and such components can be used to obtain adjustable voltage and current

limiting. In addition, the difference between the input and output voltages (V

in V0) called the dropout voltage must be typically 2V even from a power

supply filter.

Capacitors C2, C3, C4, and C5 are small filters which are used for extra

filtering.LED1& LED2 are used for Power ON indicator for IC1 and IC2,

current-limiting resistors R2&R4, which prevents the LED‟s from getting

heated and thus damaged.



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3.5. GSM MODULE:

1. A GSM modem is a specialized type of modem which accepts a SIM

card, and operates over a subscription to a mobile operator, just like a

mobile phone. From the mobile operator perspective, a GSM modemlooks just like a mobile phone.

2. When a GSM modem is connected to a computer, this allows the

computer to use the GSM modem to communicate over the mobile

network. While these GSM modems are most frequently used to provide

mobile internet connectivity, many of them can also be used for sending

and receiving SMS and MMS messages.

3. A GSM modem can be a dedicated modem device with a serial, USB or

Bluetooth connection, or it can be a mobile phone that provides GSMmodem capabilities.

4. For the purpose of this document, the term GSM modem is used as a

generic term to refer to any modem that supports one or more of the

protocols in the GSM evolutionary family, including the 2.5G

technologies GPRS and EDGE, as well as the 3G technologies WCDMA,

UMTS, HSDPA and HSUPA.



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4. FLOWCHART:



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5. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:



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5. CONCLUSION, FUTURE SCOPE &

APPLICATIONS.

Conclusion:-

LPG which used in many applications because of its desirable

properties like homes, hostels, industries, vehicles so we can use this device if

there is any gas leakage this system detects gas leakage and if gas leakage

exceeds certain level this system automatically alert the people by sending the

message and alert the people at home by activating the LED, Buzzer and take

the necessary action of preventing the gas leakage.

Future Scope:-

1. In future the level of LPG gas leakage can be reduced by using Cs2 gas

which will neutralize the value of LPG gas.

2. More facilities for prevention of leakage of LPG can be made available in

all residential areas, Hotels, Hospitals, and Industries etc.

3. In coming generation use of mechanical parts and advanced alarm

process can be more helpful for prevention

Applications:-

1. This project used as security system in applications like homes, hostels,

industries

2. Because of its low power consumption, reliability, portability this system

used in other applications likes smoke detection and various toxic

harmful gasses.

Mechanical Project PDFProject Project13

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