Mechanical Engineering, Mekelle...

POSTGRADUATE CURRICULUM

M.Sc. Degree Energy Technology

A u g u s t , 2 0 0 9W e b s i t e :

w w w . m u . e d u . e t

August, 2009 [Mechanical Engineering, Mekelle University]

TABLE OF CONTENTS

POSTGRADUATE CURRICULUM..................................................................................01. Short Summary............................................................................................................32. Introduction..................................................................................................................33. Learning Objective:.....................................................................................................44. Learning Outcomes:.....................................................................................................45. Graduate Profile:..........................................................................................................46. Teaching, learning and assessment strategies:.............................................................67. Admission requirements to M.Sc. programme:...........................................................78. Minimum requirements for admission to the Master’s programme:...........................79. Selection criteria:.........................................................................................................810. Language requirements:............................................................................................811. Program Course Coding...........................................................................................812. Program Duration.....................................................................................................813. Thesis Project and Final Degree...............................................................................914. Graduation Requirement...........................................................................................915. Program Structure:..................................................................................................10

1: Year I: Semester I.....................................................................................................102: Year I: Semester II.....................................................................................................103: Year II: Semester III..................................................................................................114: Year II: Semester IV..................................................................................................11

16. Course Details.........................................................................................................121. Introduction to Energy Technology....................................................................122. Computational Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer...........................................153. Modeling and Simulation in Energy Technology...............................................184. Energy and Environment....................................................................................205. Solar Energy........................................................................................................236. Bio-Energy..........................................................................................................277. Wind Energy.......................................................................................................318. Hydro- Energy.....................................................................................................359. Conventional Power generation..........................................................................38

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10. Energy Conservation and Management..............................................................4111. Energy Economics and Policies..........................................................................4512. Energy Technology Project.................................................................................4813. Research Methods and Seminar..........................................................................5014. Master Thesis......................................................................................................53

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1. Short Summary

Awarding Institution: Mekelle University, College of Engineering, Mechanical

Engineering Department

Final award: M.Sc. Degree

Programme Title: Energy Technology

Duration: 2 year full time

Subject benchmark statement: Engineering and Technology

2. Introduction

Technology is fundamental to the economic and social prosperity worldwide. It is a “people serving” profession whose activities not only manage humankind’s environment but also create that environment itself. It requires well-qualified and motivated students who seek to be the future leaders within their profession. Studies at Mekelle University will be a foundation for life aimed at developing an appreciation of technical and managerial principles and competence in their application using a wide range of personal and professional skills.

The Master of Science (MSc) degree programme in Energy Technology is designed to the needs of the 21st Century Energy Technology related industries to graduate with the necessary skills and understanding in thermal engineering, power generation, materials selection, manufacturing, computational and engineering techniques to design and develop integrated Energy Technology systems. The programme aims

(i) to give technical depth across the discipline of Energy Technology and its applications

(ii) to provide breadth to encourage innovators (iii) to facilitate exposure to other engineering disciplines(iv) To develop and enhance research skills. Upon graduation Students will have

the capacity for meaningful interdisciplinary interaction, a leadership role, and professional growth.

The programme places emphasis on both Teaching-learning and research, believing them to be mutually dependent.

With reference to teaching and learning, the programme aims to produce postgraduates who aspire to challenging careers in industry, commerce and the public sector or to developing their own enterprises. Postgraduates will be able to move directly into

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responsible roles in employment with a minimum of additional training. These aims is achieved by

Providing a supportive, structured environment in which students are encouraged to develop independent learning skills;

Developing subject knowledge and understanding, developing discipline skills and developing personal transferable skills, to enable graduates to pursue programmes of further study, or to move directly into responsible employment.

3. Learning Objective:

The purpose of the Energy Technology (ET) Program is to provide state-of-the-art education in the fields of power generation and energy utilization in the built environment by means of economically and environmentally sustainable energy systems and technologies. The term energy Technology' comprises a wide array of practices, policies and technologies aimed at providing energy at the least financial, environmental and social cost. A strong emphasis is placed on dealing with energy Technology tasks with due consideration of technical, environmental and socio-economic issues. Advanced methods are applied to identify, describe, quantify and find solutions to a diverse range of energy technology problems. Participants gain proficiency in project design and implementation, operation and maintenance, as well as in crucial phases of policy generation. Advanced training in a research-oriented perspective is also included.

4. Learning Outcomes:

Upon successful completion of this course graduates will be able to: -

Use advanced level knowledge and understanding of Energy Technology to optimise the application of existing technology and to produce innovative uses for emerging technology.

Provide technical expertise in theoretical, computational, and practical methods to the analysis and solution of Energy Technology problems.

Demonstrate leadership in meeting the technical and managerial requirements for effective project implementation.

5. Graduate Profile:

Technology and Engineering is an inter-active process usually involving creation, planning, analysis, design, economic evaluation, manufacture, operation & maintenance and decommissioning with a view to minimizing environmental impact. As such, Students will develop the following:

Knowledge and Understanding of:

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Advanced principles, concepts and theories underpinning Energy Technology activities related to the design and control of Energy Technology systems

The tools and disciplines required in interdisciplinary competitive design; Computational and simulation methods used to optimize designs and

processes for reliability and robustness of Energy Technology systems. The fundamental concepts, principles and theories underpinning Energy

Technology with knowledge in computational fluid dynamics and manufacturing simulation

Business and management practices that are relevant to engineering and engineers and/or Technology and Technologists

Detailed knowledge and systematic understanding of key concepts, principles and theories required for successful innovation

Demonstrate an appreciation of models of leadership and personal development as applied to the strategic development and promotion of change within the profession.

Intellectual Skills

Apply Engineering and Technological principles and inter-personal skills to the critical analysis of multi-disciplinary problems in order to create innovative solutions to non-routine problems.

Identify an area for further detailed investigation, design and experimental programme, utilize research skills to critically evaluate and interpret newly developed data

Integrate engineering understanding and apply insight to the solution of real problems.

Plan, conduct and report a programme of original research; Integrate and evaluate information from a variety of sources Take holistic approach in solving problems and designing systems,

applying professional judgments to balance risks, cost, benefits, safety, reliability and environmental impact.

Discipline Specific Skills:

Use Industrial Standards Computational tools and packages in the advanced analysis, design and evaluation of complex Energy Technology systems

Use numerical methods for modeling and analyzing real life technological problems;

Selection and application of principles and data collection & manipulation methods to support problem solving;

Skills of analysis, synthesis & evaluation to support design; Plan, undertake and report an investigation.

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An ability to balance sometimes conflicting, ambiguous and/or incomplete aspects encountered in creative problem solving and design;

Specify, plan, undertake and report an investigation and associated methodologies via exposure to research activities.

Personal and Transferable Skills

Work in groups in order to meet shared objectives Use problem solving strategies to develop, monitor and update a plan for

the solution of both technical and personnel contributions to meeting organizational need.

Use problem solving strategies to develop innovative solutions Learn independently in familiar and unfamiliar situations with open

mindedness and in the spirit of critical enquiry Learn effectively for the purpose of continuing professional development

and in a wider context throughout their career.

6. Teaching, learning and assessment strategies:

The teaching and learning strategy takes into consideration the learning outcomes, progression through the levels of study, the nature of the subject and the student intake, and the need for the student to take greater responsibility for their own learning as they progress through the course. The strategies and methods implemented are:

The teaching and learning methods implemented to engage students in developing their knowledge and understanding of the course include formal lectures (including those from Visiting Lecturers), case studies, tutorial exercises, practical demonstrations, directed learning and individual work. The method of assessment is by written examination and both analytical and experimental coursework.

The methods implemented in developing the students’ intellectual skills include engaging with them during tutorial exercises, case studies, practical demonstration and supervised research or project work. The methods of assessment of intellectual skills are implicit in the written examinations, analytical and experimental coursework and more particularly in their M.Sc. Thesis final report.

The methods implemented in developing the students’ practical skills include demonstrations and practical’s linked with the taught modules. The M.Sc. students will also design and operate equipment and use control and measuring instruments under supervision during the initial phase of their research project.

The methods implemented in developing the students’ transferable skills are implicit in the programme. This and the learning facilities available to all students provide the conditions for students to develop and manage their learning. The programme, Making Knowledge Work, is imbedded in the philosophy of this course, particularly in the area of Energy Technology, which will be equipped with practical and computational facilities. The methods of assessment of transferable skills are built in the structure of the examinations, case studies, laboratory demonstrations and research or project work.

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7. Admission requirements to M.Sc. programme:

Students recruited are expected to demonstrate intellectual curiosity who wants to discover more about Energy Technology. To join this programme, Prospective students should:

have excellent analytical skills, to be able to understand problems and propose solutions;

be capable of working hard on difficult projects; have the ability to set own goals and manage time; be self-critical and able to evaluate own performance fairly; Have good communication skills, able to explain personal ideas in meetings with

supervisor and in writing.

If someone has these attributes and can satisfy the formal admissions requirements, then they are well-suited to the M.Sc. in Energy Technology.

8. Minimum requirements for admission to the Master’s programme:

Admission is based on selection

1. B.Sc. degree (or equivalent) from an accredited or recognized university in one of the following subjects: Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, and Industrial Engineering.

2. A Grade Point Average (GPA) for the Bachelor study of at least 2.5 out of 4 scale maximum or 62.5% of the scale maximum.

3. Students holding overseas degrees are very welcome and their degree qualifications are assessed in accordance with their referees’ comments and equivalence will be done through Ministry of Education.

4. Candidates who do not possess an Honors Degree but who have sufficient professional experience in a relevant area may also be admitted in special circumstances.

N.B:-Those with backgrounds other than Mechanical engineering and Chemical Engineering shall be required to take bridging courses Fluid Mechanics, Engineering Thermodynamics, Heat and Mass Transfer and Thermo-Fluid Laboratory I (total of 18ECTS) from the BSc in Mechanical Engineering programme during the first year of MSc study.

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Candidates who do not fulfill the normal entry requirements but have extensive industrial experience in Mechanical Engineering or related area can be considered on an individual basis.

9. Selection criteria:

The number of study places available for this programme is limited and the application is processed on competition basis. All Applications received will be short listed on the basis of B.Sc. Degree CGPA and selected courses very relevant to the programme.

Short listed candidates will be then after sit for graduate program entrance exam and interview.

10. Language requirements:

English proficiency tests are waived for the following:

Applicants with a Bachelor's degree from a university where English is the only medium of instruction.

Applicants with a Bachelor's degree from an internationally recognized university, where all courses of the study programme were taught in English.

Applicants with a 4 or 5 year Bachelor's degree from countries that were formerly part of the British Commonwealth (only from universities where English is the language of instruction).

Applicants their B.Sc. Degree’s study medium of instruction is other than English Language are expected to take English Test (TOFFLE, ILTS).

11. Program Course Coding

Courses in the master program are coded as ‘MEng 6211’. The ‘MEng’ indicates the courses are for ‘Mechanical Engineering Department’. The first digit number indicates the year (6 for postgraduate), second digit the study stream (Energy which is coded as 02), third digit the semester the course will be given (semester 1, semester 2, semester 3, or semester 4) and fourth digit specific course numbering (given from 1 to 9) respectively.

12. Program Duration

The taught portion of the program consists of three semesters. After successful fulfillment two semester course requirements, students are assigned a thesis project on which they typically work during a subsequent period of about 10-12months. Expected completion time is two years for full-time students in the Master of Science program.

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13. Thesis Project and Final Degree

After completing two semester coursework, each student commences with a thesis project on which he/she typically works over a period of 10-12 months. Provided that a thesis project deals with a clearly defined topic from the domain specialization, and under the condition that competent guidance/supervision is available to the student throughout the thesis project period, the project may be carried out either in an academic environment (university, research institute, or equivalent) or in an industrial setting (power plant, energy consulting agency, or other industry/business). In general students are encouraged to identify and/or define relevant projects on their own, and to seek environments in which these can be carried out successfully.

The thesis project is conducted under the guidance of an advisor from within the program, with the assistance of local/external advisors. Students are expected to keep their advisors regularly updated on the progress of their project work, and need to submit progress reports at different stages of their work.

Once the thesis project is nearly complete, students are expected to formally present the results of their efforts within the framework of a seminar and respond to comments/questions put forward by a committee consisting of their thesis advisors and invited referees. Upon successful completion of all required coursework and presentation/defense of their project work, students are awarded the degree “2 years Master of Science Degree in Energy Technology”.

14. Graduation Requirement

The master’s degree in Energy Technology will be awarded upon the completion of the course requirements and approval of the thesis written by the student. The degree is officially approved by the senate of the university as per the university regulation for a graduation.

Generally a student may graduate after the fulfillment of the following requirements: a student is required to complete the Masters Study:

With 47 credit hours of graduate work completed With minimum CGPA of 3.00 With Maximum of two “C”s Without any ‘D” and “F” grades in any courses

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15. Program Structure:

The following table describes the overall program structure.

1: Year I: Semester I

No Course title Code CreditHours Lec. Tut. Prac. ECTS Remark

1 Introduction to Energy Technology MEng6211 2 1 0 3 6

2Computational Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer

MEng6212 4 2 3 3 10

3Modeling and Simulation in Energy Technology

MEng6213 4 2 3 3 8

4 Energy and environment MEng6214 2 1 3 0 6Total 12 7 9 9 30

2: Year I: Semester II


5 Solar Energy MEng 6221 3 2 2 1 8

6 Bio-energy MEng 6222 3 2 2 1 8

7 Wind Energy MEng 6223 2 1 2 1 4

8 Hydropower MEng 6224 2 1 2 1 4

9 Conventional Power Generation MEng 6225 3 2 2 1 6

Total 13 8 10 5 30

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3: Year II: Semester III


10 Energy Conservation and Management MEng6231 4 2 3 3 10

11 Energy Economics and Policy

MEng6232 2 1 3 0 6

12 Energy Technology Project

MEng6233 3 1 0 6 8

13 Research Methods and Seminar MEng6234 3 2 0 3 6

Total 12 7 6 9 30

4: Year II: Semester IV


14 Master Thesis MEng6241 10 0 0 30 30Total 10 0 0 30 30

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16. Course Details

1. Introduction to Energy TechnologyNo Course title Code Credit

HoursLec. Tut. Prac. ECTS Remark

1 Introduction to Energy Technology

MEng6211 2 1 0 3 6

Course Level: Graduate

Course Type: Compulsory

Prerequisite: None

Credit hours: 2 (6 ECTS)

Course Description:Energy systems trends and directions; Review of energy reserve, production and consumption trends in Ethiopia and the world. Use of energy and its impact on the environment; Energy policy considerations and design of future sustainable energy systems; Exergy as a measure of the quality of energy, and exergy destruction as an indicator for environmental impact; exergy analysis; A survey of energy sources and technologies such as solar, wind, fossil fuels, and nuclear energy. Other energy source technologies as appropriate (such as wave, tidal, geothermal, biomass, hydro, and ocean thermal energy, etc.); Energy carriers including hydrogen and bio-fuels as appropriate; Energy storage technologies as appropriate.

Course Objective:To enable students revise the basic knowledge they have acquired in their undergraduate studies in the area of Energy Technology. With is this course will be an introductory course for the Energy Technology Masters program.

Course Learning Outcome:At the end of this course students will have the basic knowledge of Energy Technologies what will enable them understand the higher courses in the Energy Technology Masters program

Course Outline:Introduction to EnergyDefinition and units of energy, forms of energy, conservation of energy, second law of thermodynamics, energy flow diagram to the earth, origins of fossil fuels, time scale of fossil fuels, Exergy as a measure of the quality of energy, and exergy destruction as an indicator for environmental impact, exergy analysis

Global Energy Scene

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Energy consumption in various sectors, projected energy consumption for the next century, exponential increase in energy consumption, energy resources, coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear power and hydroelectricity, impact of exponential rise in energy consumption on global economy, future energy options.

Ethiopian Energy SceneCommercial and non-commercial forms of energy, energy consumption pattern and its variation as a function of time, energy resource available in Ethiopia, urban and rural energy consumption, sources of energy- promise and future, energy as a factor limiting growth, need for use of new and renewable energy sources

Environmental ImpactEnvironmental degradation due to energy production and utilization, primary and secondary pollution, air, thermal and water pollution, depletion of ozone layer, global warming, biological damage due to environmental degradation; pollution due to thermal power station and their control’ pollution due to nuclear power generation, radioactive waste and its disposal; Effect of hydroelectric power station on ecological and environment.

SustainabilityGlobal warming; Green House Gas emissions, impacts, mitigation; Sustainability; Externalities; Future Energy Systems; Clean energy technologies; United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC); Sustainable development; Kyoto Protocol; Conference of Parties (COP); Prototype Carbon Fund (PCF).

Introduction to Renewable EnergyIntroduction and overview; Solar Thermal Energy; Photovoltaic; Wind Energy; Bioenergy; Hydropower; Wave Energy; Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion; Tidal energy; Geothermal energy; Renewable Hydrogen.

Case Studies:

Case Study 1:Global Energy consumption analysis: students will assess Global energy consumption trend by energy type and time. Case Study 2:Ethiopian Energy consumption analysis: students will assess Ethiopia energy consumption trend by energy type and time. Case Study 3:Environmental impact assessment (EIA): students will conduct EIA due to energy consumption. The instructor should focus to one or some of the energy application. Case Study 4:Sustainability study: students will conduct case studies on Protocols or Conventions of Sustainability.Case Study 5:Renewable Energy sources: students will conduct renewable energy resource assessment.

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Assessment

The method of assessment is by written examination and evaluation from case studies.

Forms of StudyInclude formal lectures (including those from Visiting Lecturers), case studies, tutorial exercises, practical demonstrations, directed learning and individual work

References 1. Martin Kaltschmitt, Wolfgang Streicher and Andreas Wiese, “Renewable Energy:

Technology, Economics and Environment”, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2007, ISBN 978-3-540-70947-3

2. Godfrey Boyle, “Renewable Energy: Power for Sustainable Future”, 2nd Edition, Oxford University Press, 2004, ISBN 0-19-926178-4

3. Frank Kreith, Mechanical Engineering Handbook, Energy resources, 1999

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2. Computational Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer


2 Computational Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer

MEng6212 4 2 3 3 10



Prerequisite: None


Course Description:

Part I: Fundamentals: Introduction to Computational fluid Mechanics and Heat transfer; Partial differential Equations; Basics of Discretization Methods; Application of Numerical Methods to selected Model Equations; Part II: Application of Numerical Methods to the Equation of Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer: Governing equations of fluid Mechanics and Heat transfer; Numerical Methods applications; Grid generations; Computational Techniques

Course Objectives:

The objective of this course is to equip students with the advanced mathematical techniques of computational mathematics and help them develop skill build-up in mathematical analysis for solving Computational fluid mechanics and Heat transfer and other engineering problems.

Student Learning Outcome:

Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:

o understand how to solve equations with MATLAB and show the solutions graphically

o Students use advanced mathematical techniques together with the concepts of advanced engineering courses to set up applied engineering problems for the solution by advanced numerical methods.

o Through assigned homework and projects, students learn to formulate and solve advanced numerical problems of interest from various areas of Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer.

o With the development of fast, efficient computers, the role of numerical methods in engineering problem solving has been increased dramatically in recent years. Students will then be able to solve problems in Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer.

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By the help of Advance Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer, SIMULINK and other Computational tools students will simulate the solutions of the Engineering problems

Course Outline:

Part I: Fundamentals

Introduction to Computational fluid Mechanics and Heat transferComparison of experimental, theoretical and computational approaches

Partial differential EquationsIntroduction to PDEs; Classifications; problems of PDEs; systems of equations; exercises

Basics of Discretization MethodsIntroduction; finite difference; Difference representation of PDEs;

Application of Numerical Methods to selected Model Equations.Wave equations; Heat equations; Laplace Equations; Burgers Equation (Inviscid, Viscous);

Part II: Application of Numerical Methods to the Equation of Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer

Governing equations of fluid Mechanics and Heat transferFundamental equations (continuity, Momentum, Energy); Equations of turbulent flows; Boundary layer equations; Turbulence modeling; Euler equations. Numerical Methods applications Numerical Methods for flow equations; Numerical Methods for Boundary layer equations; Numerical Methods for Navier-Stokes equations;

Grid generations Introduction; Methods of grid generation;

Computational TechniquesComputer programming using C; using of computational software packages like FLUENT, TRANSYS, MATLAB, Mathematica etc

Project Works:Project 1Project 2Project 3Project 4Project 5

Assessment

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The method of assessment is by written examination, project work evaluation and both analytical and experimental coursework


References I. Suhas V. Patankar, “Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow”, Taylor & Francis

Publishers, 1987, ISBN 0-89116-622-3II. Anderson, Tannehill and Pletcher, “Computational Fluid Mechanics and Heat

Transfer”, 2nd Edition, Taylor & Francis, 1997, ISNB 1-56032-046-xIII. Press, William H., S. A. Teu klosky and W. T. Vellerling, and B. P.

Flannery (1992) Numerical Recipes in C- The Art of Scientific Computing, Cambridge University Press.

IV. Jain M K., Iyengar S R K., Jain R K., Numerical Methods for Scientific and Engineering Computation, New Age International (P) Ltd. New Delhi, 1993.

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3. Modeling and Simulation in Energy Technology


3 Modeling and Simulation in Energy Technology

MEng6213 4 2 3 3 8



Prerequisite: None


Course Description:This course is focused on the basics of modeling with emphasis of process and process modeling; steady and unsteady state process modeling and simulation; role of modeling in technology transfer; mathematical modeling; statistical models; dimensional analysis and modeling; integrated system simulation

Course Objective:Computer modelling and simulation has become a very important technology for assisting engineers with their non-trivial task of designing/analyzing energy technology and environmental systems such that the result is low energy consumption, good indoor conditions and minimal impact on the environment in general. This course intended to provide and the skill and competence with regard to modeling and simulation in Energy technology

Course Learning Outcome:The goal of the course is that the students should learn methods for the modeling and simulation of physical plants with regard to energy technology.

Course Outline:Why Modeling, Process and Process Modeling, General Aspects of Modeling Methodology, The Life-cycle of a Process and Modeling, Modeling and Research and Development Stage, Modeling and Conceptual Design Stage, Modeling and Pilot Stage, Modeling and Detailed Engineering Stage, Modeling and Operating Stage, Considerations About the Process Simulation, The Simulation of a Physical Process

Classification of Models, Steady-state Flow sheet Modeling and Simulation, Unsteady-state Process Modeling and Simulation, Molecular Modeling and Computational Chemistry, Computational Fluid Dynamics, Optimization Methods, Reliability of Models and Simulations, Modeling and Simulation in Innovations, Role of Modeling in Technology Transfer and Knowledge

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Mathematical Modeling Based on Transport Phenomena, Development of a Mathematical Model of a process, Flow Models, Fundamental and Combined Flow Models, Examples of flow models, Flow Modeling using Computational Fluid Dynamics, Complex Models and Their Simulators, Some Aspects of Parameters Identification in Mathematical Modeling

Stochastic Mathematical Modeling, Introduction to Stochastic Modeling, Mechanical Stirring of a Liquid, Numerical Application, Solid Motion in a Liquid Fluidized Bed, Mathematical Models of Continuous and Discrete Polystochastic Processes, Methods for Solving Stochastic Models, Use of Stochastic Algorithms to Solve Optimization Problems.

Statistical Models, Basic Statistical Modeling, Characteristics of the Statistical Selection, Correlation Analysis, Regression Analysis, Experimental Design Methods.

Dimensional Analysis and Modeling, Dimensional Analysis in Energy Engineering, Energy flow Problems Particularized by Dimensional Analysis, Common Dimensionless Groups and Their Relationships, Physical Significance of Dimensionless Groups, Particularization of the Relationship of Dimensionless Groups Using Experimental Data, Physical Models and Similitude.

Integrated system simulation

Project Work:Project 1Project 2Project 3Project 4Project 5

AssessmentThe method of assessment is by written examination and evaluation from case studies.


References 1. Modelling, Simulation and Similitude, Chemical Engineering, Tanase G. Dobre and

Jos G. Sanchez Marcano

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4. Energy and EnvironmentNo Course title Code Credit


4 Energy and Environment

MEng6214 2 1 3 0 6



Prerequisite: None


Course Description:This course provides students with exposure to a wide range of current energy and energy-related environmental policies that foster the development and mass deployment of sustainable energy technologies (e.g. energy efficiency, renewable energy, and other lower-carbon technologies), fuels, and practices. The primary focus will be on environmental disasters due energy consumption, and the conventions and protocols related to energy and environment.

Course Objective:The objective of this course is to provide a thorough understanding of the environmental impacts related to energy conversion systems, as well as available mitigation measures

Course Learning Outcome:Upon successfully completing this course the student should be able to:

Describe – from an overall perspective – the major energy conversion processes, their accompanying resource requirements, and impacts on air, water, soil, wildlife, and humans, drawing distinctions between applications in industrialized nations and developing countries.

Demonstrate clear engineering understanding of selected topics, including the ability to quantify key parameters via mathematical formulations like energy balances.Present a first-order environmental impact statement and life cycle analysis for an energy-intensive industrial system.

List major international policy initiatives and related legislative and implementation instruments

Perform a basic scenario analysis with an energy forecasting toolConduct major environmental studies embodying the concepts and tools listed above and including the assimilation of relevant technical, financial, and social aspects.

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Course Outline:Earth Energy SystemsOrigin of the earth; Earth’s temperature and atmosphere; Sun as the source of energy;Biological processes; photosynthesis; food chains; Energy sources: classification of energy sources, quality and concentration of energy sources; Overview of world energy scenario; Fossil fuel reserves-estimates, duration, overview of Ethiopia’s energy scenario, energy and development linkage.

Ecological PrinciplesEcological principles of nature; Concept of ecosystems; Different types of ecosystems; ecosystem theories; energy flow in the ecosystems; biodiversity

Energy Systems and EnvironmentEnvironmental effects of energy extraction, conversion and use; Sources of pollution; primary and secondary pollutants; Consequence of pollution growth; Air, water, soil, thermal, noise pollution- cause and effect; Causes of global, regional and local climate change; Pollution control methods; Environmental laws on pollution control.

Environmental management toolsEnvironmental impact assessment, life cycle analysis, and material flow analysis

Air PollutionSources and Effect - Acid Rain - Air Sampling and Measurement - Analysis of Air Pollutants - Air Pollution Control Methods and Equipments - Issues in Air Pollution control.

Water PollutionSources and Classification of Water Pollutants - Characteristics - Waste Water Sampling Analysis - Waste Water Treatment - Monitoring compliance with Standards - Treatment, Utilization and Disposal of Sludge.

Other Types of PollutionNoise Pollution and its impact - Oil Pollution - Radioactivity Pollution Prevention and Control

Pollution from Thermal Power Plants and Control MethodsInstrumentation for pollution control - Water Pollution from Tanneries and other Industries and their control

Technical mitigation methods Renewable energy sources and energy efficiency

SustainabilityGlobal warming; Green House Gas emissions, impacts, mitigation; Sustainability;Externalities; Future Energy Systems; Clean energy technologies; United Nations Framework

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Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC); Sustainable development; Kyoto Protocol; Conference of Parties (COP);; Prototype Carbon Fund (PCF).

Case Studies:Case study 1Case Study 2Case Study 3Case Study 4Case Study 5

AssessmentThe method of assessment is by written examination and evaluation from case studies.


References Frank Kreith, Mechanical Engineering Handbook, Environmental Engineering, 1999

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5. Solar EnergyNo Course title Code Credit


5 Solar Energy MEng6221 3 2 2 1 8Course Level: Graduate


Prerequisite: MEng 6211

Credit hours: 3 (8ECTS)

Course description:Terrestrial and extra-terrestrial solar radiation; radiative and optical properties of materials; basic and advanced flat plate solar thermal converters, focusing converters, solar-electric converters, solar photovoltaic cells, thermal storage; applications to building heating and cooling systems, industrial heat and central electric plants.

Course Objective:After going through this course the student will be able to: understand the basic principles of solar technology, solar cooker, water heater, solar photovoltaic lighting system, solar water pumping, etc. install, maintain and promote the uses of solar applications

Course Learning Outcome: After passing the course the student shall be able to:

Use simulation tools to calculate the energy gain of a solar thermal system Analyze the function and characteristics of different types of solar thermal

systems Size a solar heating systems Show understanding of the various methods for protecting the system from frost

and overheating damage and to be able to choose the most suitable method for a specific application

Design collector fields

Course Outline:

A. Lecture:

Introduction to Solar EnergySolar Spectrum, Solar Time and angles, day length, angle of incidence on tilted surface; Sun path diagram; Shadow angle protractor; Solar Radiation: Extraterrestrial Radiation; Effect of earth atmosphere; Estimation of solar radiation on horizontal and tilted surfaces; Measurement of Solar radiation, Analysis of Ethiopian solar radiation data and applications.

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Radiative Properties and CharacteristicsRadiative Properties and Characteristics of Materials Reflection from ideal specular, ideal diffuse and real surfaces, Selective Surfaces: Ideal coating characteristics; Types and applications; Anti-reflective coating; Preparation and characterization; Reflecting Surfaces and transparent materials.

Flat-plate CollectorsEnergy balance for Flat Plate Collectors; Thermal analysis; Heat capacity effect; Testing methods; Types of Flat Plate Collectors: Liquid Flat Plate Collectors, Air flat-plate Collectors-Thermal analysis; Evacuated tubular collectors.

Other Collector Types

Solar Thermal Energy StorageTypes: Sensible storage; Latent heat storage; Thermo-chemical storage. Design of storage system; Concentrating Collector Designs Classification, design and performance parameters; Tracking systems; Compound parabolic concentrators; Parabolic trough concentrators; Concentrators with point focus; Heliostats;Comparison of various designs: Central receiver systems, parabolic trough systems; Solar power plant; Solar furnaces

Solar Heating & Cooling SystemSolar water heating systems, Liquid based systems for buildings, Solar air heating systems, Methods of modeling and design of Solar heating system,Cooling requirements of buildings, Vapor absorption refrigeration cycle; Water, ammonia & lithium bromide-water absorption refrigeration systems; Solar desiccant cooling.

Performances of solar collectorsASHRAE code; Modeling of solar thermal system components and simulation; Design and sizing of solar heating systems: f – chart method and utilizability methods of solar thermal system evaluation; Development of computer package for solar heating and cooling applications;

Solar Energy for Industrial Process HeatIndustrial process heat: Temperature requirements, consumption pattern; Applications of solar flat plate water heater & air heater for industrial process heat; Designing thermal storage; Transport of energy.

Solar Thermal Energy SystemsSolar still; solar cooker; Solar pond; Solar passive heating and cooling systems: Trombe wall; Greenhouse technology: Fundamentals, design, modeling and applications

Solar Cell Physics: p-n junction: homo and hetero-junctions, Metal-semiconductor interface; The Photovoltaic Effect, Equivalent Circuit of the Solar Cell, Analysis of PV Cells: Dark and

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illumination characteristics; Figure of merits of solar cell; Efficiency limits; Variation of efficiency with band-gap and temperature; Efficiency measurements; High efficiency cells, Types of Solar cells.

Solar Cell Fabrication TechnologyPreparation of metallurgical, electronic and solar grade Silicon; Production of single crystal Silicon: Czokralski (CZ) and Float Zone (FZ) method: Procedure of masking, photolithography and etching; Design of a complete silicon, GaAs, InP solar cell; High efficiency III-V, II-VI multi-junction solar cell; a-Si-H based solar cells; Quantum well solar cell, Thermo-photovoltaics.

Solar Photovoltaic System DesignSolar cell array system analysis and performance prediction; Shadow analysis: Reliability; Solar cell array design concepts; PV system design; Design process and optimization; Detailed array design; Storage autonomy; Voltage regulation; Maximum tracking; Use of computers in array design; Quick sizing method; Array protection and trouble shooting.

SPV ApplicationsCentralized and decentralized SPV systems; Stand alone, hybrid and, grid connected system, System installation, operation and maintenances; Field experience; PV market analysis and economics of SPV systems; The Recent developments in Solar cells, Role of nano-technology in Solar cells.

Modeling of Solar Thermal Systems and Simulations in Process DesignDesign of Active Systems by f-chart and Utilizability Methods - Water Heating Systems -Active and Passive - Passive Heating and Cooling of Buildings - Solar Distillation - Solar Drying

Backup Devices and Storage for Reliability improvement

B. Laboratory:

Solar Radiation analysisExperimental Study on Thermal Performance of :

Solar water heater (with flat and concentrating) and natural and forced circulation Solar cooker solar driers solar water distillation (with flat and concentrating) and natural and forced Solar PV cell characterization and its networking

Project Work: Project 1Project 2Project 3Project 4

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Project 5

AssessmentWritten exam, laboratory reports, written assignment, and seminars

Forms of StudyLectures, exercises, Laboratory work, Assignment, study visits

References 1. Duffie, John A., Beckman, William A., “Solar engineering of thermal processes”,

3rd edition, New York: Wiley (928 s), 2006, ISBN 0-471-69867-92. R. A. Messenger and J. Ventre, “Photovoltaic Systems Engineering”, CRC Press,

2004 3. Photovoltaics Design and Installation Manual by Solar Energy International (New

Society Publishers) 20044. Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells, Adolf Goetzberger, Joachim Knobloch, Bernhard

Vo13, Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems, Freiburg, Germany. Translated by Rac he1 Wadding ton, Swadlincote, UK John Wiley & Sons, Chichester New York Weinheim - Brisbane

5. Practical hand book of Photovoltaics Fundamentals and Applications by Tom Markvart & Luis Castaner

6. Handbook of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering. Edited by A. Luque and S. Hegedus 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd ISBN: 0-471-49196-9

7. S.P.Sukhatme-Solar Energy: principles of Thermal Collection and Storage, Tata McGraw-Hill (1984).

8. 5. J.F.Kreider and F.Kreith-Solar Energy Handbook McGraw-Hill (1981).

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6. Bio-Energy


6 Bio-Energy MEng6222 3 2 2 1 8Course Level: Graduate


Prerequisite: None


Course description:This course covers alternative, renewable fuels derived from biological sources and their applications as an energy source for homes, industry and transportation. Wood, urban, and agricultural solid waste are discussed as potential sources of energy conversion. In addition, the production of methane and alcohol based fuels and their roles as a transportation fuel will lead to a re-discovery of opportunities to replace fossil-based fuels. Bio-diesel and vegetable oil topics are necessary to show a true alternate energy source for internal combustion engines. Throughout this course, students will examine advanced energy conversion technologies and bio-systems, Energy efficiency, costs and environmental impact assessments. Future prospects of bio-fuels and bio-energy including both advantages and disadvantages of Bio-fuels as an energy source.

Course Objective:After going through this course the student will be able to: understand the basic principles of renewable fuels derived from biological sources and their application as an energy sources for homes, industry and transportation.

Course Learning Outcome:Upon completion of the course, the student will be able to:

Describe the theory of operation of the different types of bio-fuels energy sources and how they produce energy.

Analyze the positive and negative aspects of the various bio-fuels energy technologies.

Explain the effects of Bio-fuels on the current world energy situation. Acquire specific bio-fuels energy information and conduct original research. Demonstrate recommended applications of various commercially available bio-

fuels energy technologies. Describe current government and private industry initiatives, renewable energy

networks, organizational initiatives supporting corporate use of renewable energy, and research programs.

Communicate effectively with both lay and technical audiences about the challenges and opportunities of a bio-based economy.

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Course Outline A. Lecture

Introduction

Biomass FormationBiomass resources: Classification and characteristics; Techniques for biomass assessment; Application of remote sensing in forest assessment; Biomass estimation

Thermo-chemical ConversionDifferent processes: Direct combustion, incineration, pyrolysis, gasification and liquefaction; Economics of thermo-chemical conversion

Biological ConversionBiodegradation and biodegradability of substrate; Biochemistry and process parameters of bio-methanation; Biogas digester types; Digester design and biogas utilization; Chemical kinetics and mathematical modeling of bio-methanation process; Economics of biogas plant with their environmental and social impacts; Bioconversion of substrates into alcohol: Methanol & ethanol Production

Chemical ConversionHydrolysis & hydrogenation; Solvent extraction of hydrocarbons; Solvolysis of wood;Biocrude and biodiesel; Chemicals from biomass

Solid WasteDefinitions: Sources, types, compositions; Properties of Solid Waste; Municipal Solid Waste: Physical, chemical and biological property; Collection, transfer stations; Waste minimization and recycling of municipal waste

Waste Treatment & Disposal Size Reduction: Aerobic composting, incineration; Furnace type & design; Medical /Pharmaceutical waste incineration; Environmental impacts; Measures of mitigate environmental effects due to incineration; Land Fill method of solid waste disposal; Land fill classification; Types, methods & siting consideration; Layout & preliminary design of landfills: Composition, characteristics, generation; Movement and control of landfill leachate & gases; Environmental monitoring system for land fill gases

Energy Generation Form WasteTypes: Biochemical Conversion: Sources of energy generation, Industrial waste, agro residues; Anaerobic Digestion: Biogas production; Types of biogas plants; thermochemical conversion: Sources of energy generation, Gasification; Types of gasifiers; Briquetting; Industrial applications of gasifiers; Utilization and advantages of briquetting; Environment benefits of biochemical and thermochemical conversion

Alcohol as Bio-energy sourceBio-Methanol; Bio-Ethanol

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Bio-Diesel and Vegetable Oils as an energy SourcesHistory, Production methods of Bio-diesel: Transesterification, Fuel quality, standards and properties, Availability of Raw materials for bio-diesel, Applications, Bio-diesel potential in Ethiopia

General on Bio-energyBio-energy Systems; Future R&D of Bio-fuels & Bio-energy; Bio-fuels Testing Methods; Compare / contrast to diesel fuel test methods; Bio-fuels marketing; Petroleum Industry Perspective on Bio-fuels; Current Trends in Bio-fuels Use; Development: government and industrial

Power generationUtilisation of gasifier for electricity generation; Operation of spark ignition and compression ignition engine with wood gas, methanol, ethanol & biogas; Biomass integrated gasification/combined cycles systems. Sustainable co-firing of biomass with coal; Biomass productivity: Energy plantation and power programme.

B. Laboratory: Experimental Study on thermal performance and efficiency of biomass downdraft

gasifier and sampling and analysis of air and flue gas from biomass energy system (gasifier, combustor and cook stoves using as chromatography technique)

Biogas production by anaerobic digestion and analysis Fuels: density, viscosity, flash-point, fire point, pour-point, ASTM distillation of

liquid fuels Proximate and ultimate analysis, calorific value of solid fuels

Project Work:Project 1Project 2Project 3Project 4Project 5

AssessmentWritten exam, laboratory reports, written assignment, and seminars

Forms of StudyLectures, exercises, laboratory work, assignment, study visits

References 1. Donald L. Klass, “Biomass for Renewable Energy, Fuels, and Chemicals”,

Academic Press, 1998, ISBN-13: 978-0-12-410950-6, ISNB-10: 0-12-410950-02. Stephen R. Turns, “An Introduction to Combustion: Concepts and Application”,

2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill, 2006, ISNB: 978-007-126072-5

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3. Anthony San Pietro, Biochemical and Photosynthetic aspects of Energy Production, Academic Press, New York, 1980

4. David Boyles, “Bio Energy Technology Thermodynamics and costs”, Ellis Hoknood, Chichester, 1984

5. R. C. Maheswari, “Bio Energy for Rural Energisation” , Concepts Publication, 1997

6. EL - Halwagi M M, “Biogas Technology : Transfer & Diffusion”, Elsevier Applied SC, London 1986

7. Parker, Colin, & Roberts, “Energy from Waste - An Evaluation of Conversion Technologies”, Elsevier Applied Science, London, 1985

8. Shah, Kanti L., Basics of Solid & Hazardous Waste Management Technology, Prentice Hall, 2000

9. Manoj Datta, Waste Disposal in Engineered Landfills, Narosa Publishing House, 1997

10. Rich, Gerald et.al., “Hazardous Waste Management Technology”, Podvan Publishers,

11. 198712. Bhide AD., Sundaresan BB, “Solid Waste Management in Developing Countries”,

INSDOC, New Delhi,1983.13. P. Quaak, H. Knoef, H. Stassen, Energy from Biomass, A review of Combustion

and Gasification Technologies, World Bank technical paper No 422 Energy Series14. Donald L.Klaswss, Biomass for Renewable Energy, Fuels, and Chemicals,

Academic press

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7. Wind EnergyNo Course title Code Credit

Hours Lec. Tut. Prac. ECTS Remark

7 Wind Energy MEng6223 2 1 2 1 4Course Level: Graduate


Prerequisite: MEng6211


Course Description:Modern wind energy and its origins, wind characteristics and resources, wind data analysis and resource estimation, aerodynamics of wind turbines, momentum theory, blade element theory, generalized rotor design procedure, wind turbine design, power curve prediction, wind turbine sitting, system design and integration, operation issues

Course Objective:The objectives of this course are to provide the student with knowledge of the various aspects of the production and consumption of wind energy. The student will become familiar with the various types of wind energy technologies as well as the economic, societal, and environmental aspects of each type of wind energy technology.

Course Learning Outcome:Upon completion of this course the student will be able to:

o Outline the history of the usage of wind energy resources by humans.o Describe the factors behind the recent growth of wind energy usage in the more

developed countries.o Describe the factors limiting wind energy resource usage in the less developed

countries.o List the advantages and disadvantages of electrical power generation by using

wind energy resources.o Compare and contrast the economic, societal, and environmental impacts of wind

generated electricity to fossil fuel, nuclear, and hydropower produced electricity.o Using current trends, project the future usage of wind resources as a source of

commercial energy.o Describe the meteorological factors associate with the production of wind energy

resources.o Locate and describe the wind energy resources suitable for usage in the wind

energy industry.o Compare and contrast the economic merits of the various locations suitable for

wind energy production.o Describe the economic and political issues associated with the development of

wind energy resources.o Describe the relationship between sustainability and wind generated energy.

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o Describe the implications of wind energy on the usage of fossil fuel energy resources.

o Outline the steps involved in the production of electricity using wind energy resources.

o Compare and contrast small-scale independent systems with utility scale systems.o Conduct a residential energy audit, select an appropriate residential scale system,

and determine if such a system is an economic viable option for a home owner.o Describe the technology utilized in a hybrid wind energy system.o Describe the role wind energy will play in the growth of a hydrogen fuel based

society.o List and describe the advantages and disadvantages of replacing fossil fuels with

wind energy produced hydrogen fuel.o List and describe the various wind energy technologies currently in usage as well

as those that are currently in the experimental stage.o List and describe the environmental issues associated with the wind energy

industry.o Describe the impact that shifting from fossil fuel generated electricity to wind

energy will have on global warming.o Describe the economic and political factors affecting the growth of the wind

energy industry.o Prepare an investment prospectus for a utility scale wind energy project.o Based on current trends, project the future growth and development of the wind

energy industry.

Course Outline: History of the usage of wind as an energy resource; Location, magnitude, and availability of wind energy resources; Wind energy conversion principles; General introduction; Types and classification of WECS; Power, torque and speed characteristics; The Wind Resource, The Nature of the Wind, Wind-speed Variations, Turbulence, wind in standards, Wind-speed Prediction and Forecasting

Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines, Momentum theory, Rotor Disc Theory, Rotor Blade Theory, Blade Geometry, Calculations

Wind-turbine Performance, The Performance Curves, Estimation of Energy Capture, Wind-turbine Performance Measurement, Analysis of Test Data, Turbulence Effects, Aerodynamic Performance Assessment, Errors and Uncertainty

Design Loads for Wind Turbines, Basis for Design Loads, Turbulence and Wakes, Extreme Loads, Fatigue Loading, Stationary Blade Loading, Blade Loads During Operation, Blade Dynamic Response, Blade Fatigue Stresses, Hub and Low-speed Shaft Loading, Nacelle Loading, Tower Loading

Conceptual Design of Wind Turbine; Rotor Diameter; Machine Rating; Rotational Speed; Number of Blades; Power Control; Type of Generator; Drive-train Mounting Arrangement Options; Tower Stiffness; Personnel Safety and Access Issues

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Component Designs; Blades; Pitch Bearings; Rotor Hub; Gearbox; Generator; Mechanical Brake; Nacelle Bedplate; Yaw Drive; Tower; Foundations

Wind-turbine Installations and Wind Farms; Project Development; Visual and Landscape Assessment; Noise; Electromagnetic Interference; Ecological Assessment; Finance; Electrical Systems

Power-collection Systems; Earthing (Grounding) of Wind Farms; Lightning Protection; Embedded (Dispersed) Wind Generation; Power Quality; Electrical Protection; Economic Aspects of Embedded Wind Generation

Wind Energy Application to Pumping

Seminar Assignments

SA1. Wind AnalysisSA2. Rotor Aerodynamics, performance and Energy YieldSA3. Drive Train and Electrical conversion systemsSA4. Wind turbine DynamicsSA5. Wind turbine Economics

Project Work:

Conduct a wind survey to a specific placeWind tunnel Measurement and practical experimentationWASAP

Laboratory Work:

Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) Laser Doppler Velocimetry Sonic Anemometry Pressure Probes

Assessment

Written exam, laboratory reports, written assignment, and seminars

Forms of Study

Lectures, exercises, laboratory work, assignment, study visits

References

1. Manwell, McGowan and Rogers, 2002, Wind Energy Explained: Theory, Design and Application. West Sussex: Wiley

2. Roger G. Barry and Richard J. Chorley, 2003, Atmosphere, Weather & Climate, 8th Edition. Routledge. ISBN 0415271711, 8th edition

3. Redlinger, Robert Y., Per Dannemand Andersen, and Poul Erik Morthorst. 2002. Wind Energy in the 21st Century: Economics, Policy, Technology, and the

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changing electricity industry. Palgrave MacMillan. ISBN 0333792483; Morris Library Catalogue # TJ 820 .R43 2002

4. L.L.Freris, Wind Energy Conversion System, Printice Hall5. Tony Burton et al, Wind energy Hand Book, John Wiley & Sons Inc

Facility Required

Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) Laser Doppler Velocimetry Sonic Anemometry Pressure Probes

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8. Hydro- EnergyNo Course title Code Credit


8 Hydro- Energy MEng6224 2 1 2 1 4Course Level: Graduate

Course Type: Elective



Course description:Course Outline includes review of global water resources and the hydrologic cycle, and impacts of climate variability and climate change on hydrological resources. Water resource management; Characteristics of hydropower - methodology of hydropower assessments, hydropower plants, systems and technologies

Other topics to be covered are the use of hydropower in Ethiopia and elsewhere, energy efficiency, costs and environmental impact assessments, future prospects of hydropower.

Course Objective:After going through this course students will be able to: understand the basic principles of hydro-energy, development and conversion and application to homes, industries and transport sector. Installation, maintenance and promotion of the uses of hydro-energy applications will be further introduced

Course Learning Outcome:Upon completion of the course, the student will be able to:

Describe the theory of operation of hydro energy sources and how they produce energy.

Analyze the positive and negative aspects of the various energy technologies. Explain the effects of hydro energy on the current world energy situation. Acquire specific information and conduct original research. Describe current government and private industry initiatives, renewable energy

networks, organizational initiatives supporting corporate use of renewable energy, and research programs.

Communicate effectively with both lay and technical audiences about the challenges and opportunities of a Hydro-based economy.

Course OutlineIntroductionOverview of Hydropower systems-Preliminary Investigation-Determination of Requirements- preparation of Reports and Estimates-Review of World Resources-Cost of

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Hydroelectric Power-Basic Factors in Economic Analysis of Hydropower projects-Project Feasibility-Load Prediction and Planned Development

Overview of Big, Micro, Mini and small Hydropower systems, Water mills

Hydrology

Elements of Pumps and Turbines

Selection and Design Criteria of Pumps and Turbines

Site selection and Civil Works

Speed and Voltage Regulation

Investment issues and load management and tariff collection

Distribution and Marketing issues

Power Station Operation and MaintenanceGoverning of Power Turbines-Functions of Turbine Governor-Condition for Governor Stability-Surge Tank Oscillation and Speed Regulative Problem of Turbine Governing in Future

Development of SoftwareComputer aided Hydropower System Analysis-Design-Execution-Testing-Operation and control of Monitoring of Hydropower Services

Hydropower in EthiopiaPotential of small hydropower in Ethiopia

Project Work and case studies: Project 1Project 2Project 3Project 4Project 5

Course Assessment:Written exam, laboratory reports, written assignment, and seminars

Form of Study:Lectures, exercises, laboratory work, assignment, study visits

Reference1. L.Monition,M.Lenir and J.Roux,Micro Hydro Electric Power Station(1984)

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2. AlenR. Inversin,Micro Hydro Power Source Book(1986)3. Tyler G.Hicks(1988),Power Plant Evaluation and Design4. Mini Hydropower, Tong Jiandong (et al.), John Wiley, 1997

Website:1. http://www.digiserve.com/inship2. http://www.siemens.de3. www.tva.gov/power

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9. Conventional Power generation


9 Conventional Power generation

MEng6225 3 2 2 1 6



Prerequisite: None


Course Description:Fundamental of Power Plant; Steam Power Plant; Gas Turbine Power Plant; Combined Cycle Power Plants; Diesel Power Plant; Nuclear Power Plant; Economics of Power Generation

Course Objectives:The goal of the course is to provide a fundamental understanding of the principles of conventional power plants, including coal, gas, steam Nuclear and Combined Power Plants.

Student Learning Outcome:At the end of the course the students:- Will understand the different types of thermal power systems and their components will develop the ability to analyze and evaluate the performance of different thermal

energy conversion system will identify and rate the different fossil fuels used as sources of energy in thermal

energy conversion and their environmental impacts will have sound understanding on combustion theory and kinetics and combustion of

different fuels will develop a mathematical and theoretical skill and knowledge to analysis and

design of steam generators (boiler) will have sound understanding on analysis, modeling and design of steam thermal

plant components will have a sound understanding on analysis, modeling and thermal design of gas

power plant and its components will understand the basic components and working principles of nuclear power plant

Course Outline:Fundamental of Power PlantIntroduction; Concept of Power Plants; Classification of Power Plants; Review of Thermodynamics Cycles Related to Power Plants; Classification of Power Plant Cycle.

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Steam Power PlantIntroduction; Essentials of Steam Power Plant Equipment; Steam generators; steam turbines; fuels and combustion

Gas Turbine Power PlantIntroduction; Classification of Gas Turbine Power Plant; Elements of Gas Turbine Power Plants; Regeneration and Reheating

Combined Cycle Power PlantsCombined cycle power plants; combined heat and power; Thermodynamic analysis of CHP cycles.

Diesel Power PlantIntroduction; Operating Principle; Basic Types of IC Engines; Application of Diesel Power Plant; General Layout of Diesel Power Plant; Performance of Diesel Engine; Fuel System of Diesel Power Plant; Diesel Plant Operation; Efficiency of Diesel Power Plant; Heat Balance Sheet

FBC BoilersIntroduction; Mechanism of Fluidized Bed Combustion; Types of Fluidized Bed Combustion Boilers; Retrofitting of FBC Systems to Conventional Boilers; Advantages of Fluidized Bed Combustion Boilers

Nuclear Power PlantIntroduction; Nuclear Energy Concepts and Terms; Chemical and Nuclear Equations; Nuclear Fusion and Fission; Nuclear Reactor; Classification of Reactors; Cost of Nuclear Power Plant; Safety Measures for Nuclear Power Plants; Major Nuclear Power Disasters

Economics of Power GenerationDaily load curves-load factor-diversity factor-load deviation curve-load management-number and size of generating unit cost of electrical energy-tariff-power factor improvement.

Project Works:Project 1Project 2Project 3Project 4Project 5

AssessmentThe method of assessment is by written examination and both analytical and experimental coursework

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Reference:

1. Paul Breeze, Power Generation Technologies, 2005

2. Frank Kreith, Mechanical Engineering Handbook, Energy Conversion, 1999

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10. Energy Conservation and ManagementNo Course title Code Credit


10 Energy Conservation and Management

MEng6231 4 2 3 3 10



Prerequisite: MEng 6211-5, MEng 6221-5


Course Description:The course energy conservation and Management deals mainly with energy conversion; energy management; energy audit; material and energy balance; Energy Monitoring and Targeting; Global Environmental Concerns; thermal energy management; Energy Efficiency on Boilers; Energy Efficiency on Steam System; Energy Efficiency on Insulation and Refractory; FBC Boilers; Waste Heat Recovery; Electric Motors; Compressed Air System; HVAC and Refrigeration System; Fans and Blowers; Pumps and Pumping System; DG Set System

Course Objective:To have the student develop a fundamental understanding of the basic physical principles underlying energy management and audit, energy efficiency in thermal and electrical utilities, energy storage systems and power cogeneration

Learning outcomes:Upon completion of this course the student will be able to practice energy efficiency and effective utilization of energy in the application areas (homes, industry and transportation)

Course Outline:Energy ConservationEnergy Conservation and its Importance; Energy Strategy for the Future; the Energy Conservation Act, 2001 and its Features

Energy ManagementDefinition & Objectives of Energy Management; Importance; Ethiopian need of Energy Management; Duties and responsibilities of energy managers

Energy AuditEnergy Audit types and methodology; Energy Audit Reporting Format; Understanding Energy Costs; Benchmarking and Energy Performance; Matching Energy Usage to Requirement; Maximizing System Efficiency; Fuel and Energy Substitution; Energy Audit Instruments; Duties and responsibilities of energy auditors.

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Material and Energy BalanceBasic Principles; The Sankey Diagram and its Use; Material Balances; Energy Balances; Method for Preparing Process Flow Chart; Facility as an Energy System; How to Carryout Material and Energy (M & E) Balance. Energy Action Planning Key elements; Force field analysis; Energy policy purpose, perspective, contents, formulation, ratification; Organizing the management: location of energy management, top management support, managerial function, accountability;

Motivation of employees: Information system designing barriers, strategies; Marketing and communicating: Training and planning.

Energy Monitoring and TargetingDefinition; Elements of Monitoring & Targeting System; A Rationale for Monitoring, Targeting and Reporting; Data and Information Analysis; Relating Energy Consumption and Production; CUSUM; Case Study.

Global Environmental ConcernsGlobal Environmental Issues; Ozone Layer Depletion; Global Warming; Loss of Bio-Diversity; Climate Change Problem and Response; The Conference of the Parties (COP); Prototype Carbon Fund (PCF); Sustainable Development. Electrical Energy Management

Supply side: Methods to minimize supply-demand gap, renovation and modernization of power plants, reactive power management, HVDC, and FACTS. Demand side: conservation in motors, pumps and fan systems; energy efficient motors.

Thermal energy ManagementEnergy conservation in boilers, steam turbines and industrial heating systems; Application of FBC; Cogeneration and waste heat recovery; Thermal insulation; Heat exchangers and heat pumps; Building Energy Management.

Energy Efficiency on BoilersIntroduction; Boiler Systems; Boiler Types and Classifications; Performance Evaluation of Boilers; Boiler Blow-down; Boiler Water Treatment; Energy Conservation Opportunities; Case Study.

Energy Efficiency on Steam SystemIntroduction; Properties of Steam; Steam Distribution; Steam Pipe Sizing and Design; Proper Selection, Operation and Maintenance of Steam Traps; Performance Assessment Methods for Steam Traps; Energy Saving OpportunitiesFurnaces Types and Classification of Different Furnaces; Performance Evaluation of a Typical Furnace General Fuel Economy Measures in Furnaces; Case Study

Energy Efficiency on Insulation and RefractoriesPurpose of Insulation; Types and Application; Calculation of Insulation Thickness; Economic Thickness of Insulation(ETI); Simplified Formula for Heat Loss Calculation;

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Refractories; Properties of Refractories; Classification of Refractories; Typical Refractories in Industrial Use; Selection of Refractories; Heat Losses from Furnace Walls.

Electric MotorsIntroduction; Motor Types; Motor Characteristics; Motor Efficiency; Motor Selection; Energy Efficient Motors; Factors Affecting Energy Efficiency and Minimizing Motor Losses in Operation; Rewinding Effects on Energy Efficiency; Speed Control of AC Induction Motors; Motor Load Survey: Methodology.

Compressed Air SystemIntroduction; Compressor Types; Compressor Performance; Compressed Air SystemComponents; Efficient Operation of Compressed Air Systems; Compressor CapacityAssessment; Checklist for Energy Efficiency in Compressed Air System.

HVAC and Refrigeration SystemIntroduction; Types of Refrigeration System; Common Refrigerants and Properties; Compressor Types and Application; Selection of a Suitable Refrigeration System; Performance Assessment of Refrigeration Plants; Factors Affecting Performance and Energy Efficiency of Refrigeration Plants; Energy Savings Opportunities

Fans and BlowersIntroduction; Fan Types; Fan Performance Evaluation and Efficient System Operation; Fan Design and Selection Criteria; Flow Control Strategies; Fan Performance Assessment; Energy Saving Opportunities

Pumps and Pumping SystemPump Types; System Characteristics; Pump Curves; Factors Affecting Pump Performance; Efficient Pumping System Operation; Flow Control Strategies; Energy Conservation Opportunities in Pumping Systems; Cooling Towers Introduction; Cooling Tower Performance; Efficient System Operation; Flow Control Strategies; Energy Saving Opportunities in Cooling Towers

DG Set SystemIntroduction; Selection and Installation Factors; Operational Factors; Energy Performance Assessment of DG Sets; Energy Savings Measures for DG Sets; Energy Efficient Technologies In Electrical Systems Maximum Demand Controllers; Automatic Power Factor Controllers; Energy Efficient Motors; Soft Starter; Variable Speed Drives; Energy Efficient Transformers; Electronic Ballasts; Energy Efficient Lighting Controls.

Project Work: Project 1Project 2Project 3Project 4Project 5

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ReferenceFrank Kreith, D.Yogi Goswami, Energy Management and conservation Handbook, 2007 Albert Thumann, P.E., C.E.M., William J. Younger, C.E.M., Handbook Of Energy Audits, Sixth Edition

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11. Energy Economics and PoliciesNo Course title Code Credit


11 Energy Economics and Policies

MEng6232 2 1 3 0 6





Course description:The course Energy Economics and Policies deals mainly with Energy Economics; Modeling of Energy Systems and Policies; Energy Policy & Planning; Rural Energy Economics; Environmental Economics; Financing of Renewable Energy Systems; Restructuring Introduction and Overview; Energy Integration; Demand Side Management of Energy

Course Objective:To have the student develop a fundamental understanding of the basic concepts with regard to energy economics and policies

Course Learning Outcome:Upon completion of this course the student will be able to practice: The analysis of Daily load curves, load factor, diversity factor, load deviation curve,

load management, number and size of generating unit cost of electrical energy, tariff and power factor improvement

Development, exercise and maintaining of national, regional and international energy policies

Demand and benefit forecasting Demand side management

Course Outline:Energy EconomicsBasic concept of energy economics; Calculation of unit cost of power generation from different sources with examples; Eco-ground rules for investment in energy sector; Payback period, NPV, IRR, and benefit-cost analysis with example; Socio-economic evaluation of energy conservation programme; Net social benefit incorporating free riding concept and rebound effects; Overview of national energy use, energy supply and renewable energy programme during different plan period.

Modeling of Energy Systems and PoliciesBasic concept of Econometrics and statistical analysis; Econometric techniques used for energy analysis and forecasting with case studies from Ethiopia; Operation of computer package Basic concept of Input-output analysis; Concept of energy multiplier;

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Optimization and simulation methods; Energy and Environmental Input: Output Analyses using I-O model.

Energy Policy & PlanningEnergy Policies: National and sectoral energy planning; Energy tariffs and subsidies; Private sector participation in power generation, distribution; Energy & development; Energy- Economy interaction; Energy investment planning; Integrated resource planning; Energy pricing

Rural Energy EconomicsRural economic and social development considerations; Technologies, costs and choice of technology, Demand and benefits forecasting and program development; Economics, financial analysis, and bottlenecks of various decentralized renewable energy electrification programme; Analysis of models controlled by local bodies

Environmental EconomicsEconomic approach to environmental protection and management; Externalities, economics of pollution control, emission taxes, subsidies; Environmental accounting: costs and benefits, economic and financial analysis of environmental impacts, valuation methods; International Negotiation on Climate Change.

Financing of Renewable Energy SystemsFinancial performance; Uncertainties and social cost-benefit analysis of renewable energy systems; Financing mechanism of different renewable energy systems; Case studies; Renewable energy projects for reductions in CO2 emissions.

Restructuring Introduction and OverviewOrigin of restructuring; Economic rationale for restructuring; Innovation and competition; various dimensions of restructuring issues; Overview of the traditional structure and organization of energy industries; Restructuring: Options for coal, oil and natural gas industries; Evaluation of alternative options; Institutional and other issues in restructuring; Case study; National energy security; Energy service companies.

Energy IntegrationNeed for Integration of Renewable Energy Schemes: Planning, constraints and economics; Grid Integration of Renewable Energy Systems: Wind, biomass gasification and solar systems: effects on the grid, RE systems; Interfacing techniques; Innovations required in technology and policy; Economics: Grid-connected energy storage schemes: response requirement, capacity assessment, cost considerations; Hybrid Energy Systems: Principles and applications; Comparison of schemes; System design concepts; Techno-economic performance; Energy storage schemes and estimation; Interconnection: Distributed power generation schemes using renewable energy sources.

Demand Side Management of EnergyThe Concepts and Methods of DSM: Load control, Energy efficiency, Load management, DSM planning, design, marketing, Impact assessment; Customer Load Control: Direct, Distributed, and Local control, Interruptible load; Configuration of control system for

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load control; Assessment of Impact on load shape; Strategic Conservation and Load Management Technologies: Strategic conservation via improving building envelope, Air-conditioning, Lighting; Electric motor, and other industrial processes and equipment; Load shifting and load leveling through Thermal Energy Storage; Customer Incentives, Program Marketing Design and Penetration: Type of incentives and programs, Program design; Use of Analytic Hierarchical Process for assessment of Customer Acceptance;


AssessmentThe method of assessment is by written examination and both analytical and experimental coursework


References

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12. Energy Technology ProjectNo Course title Code Credit


12 Energy Technology project

MEng6233 3 1 0 6 8





Course Description:This course is a project course and after a completion of the course introduction students are supposed to draft their own project proposal and upon approval they will execute the activities stipulated in the proposal. There will be periodic status report and at the end final report and presentation

Course Objective:To have the student develop a fundamental understanding of the project management; Students will have the capacity to lead, manage and execute huge projects in the area of energy technology

Learning outcomes:Upon successfully completing this course the student should be able to:

Identify the key elements of an energy project problem; Collect and select background information via databases, correspondence with

companies, etc; Structure a logical method of attack, break down a real-life engineering problem

into manageable parts, and assimilate the results into a coherent form; Communicate the progress of a project to peers, instructors, and clients, both in

oral and written forms; Apply knowledge learned in energy-related specialization courses (see co-

requisites) in order to tackle a complex engineering problem.

Course OutlineBlock 1: Introduction and Common Lectures

Course introduction, selection of topic Background information on group dynamics, project management and technical communication

Block 2: Project ActivitiesOrganize and define project Identify tasks

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Acquire information, select methods Submit status reports periodically Oral presentations, both for client and for all course members Final report and presentation


AssessmentFinal report and Presentations:Students’ performance will be evaluated via participation in project meetings, oral presentations, and written reports. Students will also be asked to reflection on their experiences within the group and report their individual contributions towards the project. A departmental examiner will be designated for each project.

Forms of StudyLectures, exercises, reading assignments,

References References should be arranged by the student based on the requirement of the specific project.

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13. Research Methods and SeminarNo Course title Code Credit


13 Research Methods and Seminar

MEng6234 3 2 0 3 6





Course Description:This course will cover the research process from initial design to summative evaluation. Various models for empirical research studies will be described, along with their relative advantages and disadvantages. Students will consider methods of choosing suitable designs for research studies, conducting the studies, and evaluating the results. Emphasis will be on computer-based methods of analysis. Students will submit a proposal for a research project.

Course Objective:To have the student develop a fundamental understanding of the research methodology and prepare themselves to the research undertaking in their thesis work; At this stage students will be able to develop and get approved thesis proposal.

Student Learning Outcomes : By the end of this course, the student should be able to:

Familiar with methods of educational research and the analysis of data Understand techniques used in:

Identifying problems Forming hypotheses Constructing and using data gathering instruments Designing research studies Employing statistical procedures to analyze data

Learn to interpret and critically analyze published research reports Learn to integrate ethical technological experimentation in the educational environment Create a proposal for an educational computing research project Select his research area and advisor, acquire comprehensive and up-to date

knowledge of the literature of his research area Select and understand appropriate research methodologies Perform critical analysis, and develop a framework to guide his analysis.

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Understand the knowledge dissemination process, including the nature of the research report (thesis), research articles and the peer review process, and research talks. The student will also

Learn about the research funding process and grants man ship

In parallel to these strategic objectives, the student should get a strong human background and the skills that will enable him to do autonomous as well as collaborative research in full compliance with ethic and social issues. Determination and resilience towards adversity in the research process and enjoying the research itself are also crucial qualities to be addressed.

Course Outline: IntroductionThe Meaning of Research: The Role of Theory, The Hypothesis, Sampling, Purposes of Research; Selecting a Problem & Preparing a Research Proposal, The Academic Research Problem, The Research Proposal, Ethics in Human Experimentation, References and Bibliography; The Research Report: Format of Report, Style of Writing, Evaluating a Research Report

Research MethodsDescriptive Studies: Assessment Studies, Evaluation Studies, The Follow-Up Study, Descriptive Research; Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Research: Experimental and Control Groups, Variables, Controlling Extraneous Variables, Experimental Validity, Experimental Design; Qualitative Research: Themes of Qualitative Research, Research Strategies, Data Collection Techniques; Methods and Tools of Research: Reliability and Validity of Research Tools, Quantitative & Qualitative Studies, Tests and Inventories, Observation, Inquiry Forms, Interviews, Organization of Data Collection

Data AnalysisDescriptive Data Analysis: What is Statistics, Parametric and Nonparametric Data, Descriptive and Inferential Analysis, Organization of Data, Statistical Measures, Normal Distribution, Measures of Relationship, Correlation Coefficient, Standard Error; Inferential Data Analysis: Statistical Inference, The Central Limit Theorem, Statistical Significance, Decision Making, Student’s Distribution, Analysis of Variance and Analysis of Covariance; Computer Data Analysis, Data Organization, Computer Analysis of Data, Examples: SPSS

Student Proposal Presentations

Validation: reliability and reproducibility

Lab:

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Using search engines to locate research studiesEvaluating Internet resources for research

AssessmentWritten exam, written assignment, discussions and seminars

Forms of StudyThe course combines lectures, seminars, group work, tutorials, demonstrations, practical exercises both individually and in groups, and preparation of individual research project proposals. Through these the diverse educational and professional background of students will allow development of cross-disciplinary group work and the exchange of experience, thus facilitating the learning process. Much emphasis will be put on problem-based learning and the general well-being of the students.

References

John W. Best & James V, Kahn. Research in Education, 9th Edition. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon, 1998.

Gall, Meredith, Walter Borg, Joyce P. Gall.(1996) Educational Research: An Introduction. Longman Publishers

Huck, Schuyler W. (2000) Reading Statistics and Research. Adison Wesley Longman, Inc., 2000

Jaeger, Richard M. (1993) Statistics: A Spectator Sport. Sage Publications Lagemann, Ellen Condliffe, Lee S. Shulman.(1999) Issues in Education Research:

Problems and Possibilities. Jossey-Bass, Inc. Merriam, Sharon B. (1997) Qualitative Research and Case Study Applications in

Education. Jossey-Bass, Inc.

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14. Master Thesis


14 Master Thesis MEng6241 10 0 0 30 30Course Level: Graduate




Course description:After completing two semester coursework, each student commences with a thesis project on which he/she typically works over a period of 10-12 months. Provided that a thesis project deals with a clearly defined topic from the domain specialization, and under the condition that competent guidance/supervision is available to the student throughout the thesis project period, the project may be carried out either in an academic environment (university, research institute, or equivalent) or in an industrial setting (power plant, energy consulting agency, or other industry/business).

Course Objective:The objective of the master thesis is to enable students master and apply the thought courses by practically investigating an engineering problem of the real world and proposing solution with the proper way of research.

Course Learning Outcome:At the end of the course the students will be:

able to formulate research proposal of any kind able to attack any engineering problems through scientific research

undertaking able to periodically report to immediate supervisor able to present own work in public gathering and official workshop able to gather information and feedback and incorporate able to work in team

Course Outline:Thesis proposal development (part of the course Research Methods)

Thesis proposal approval presentation (part of the course Research Methods)

First progress report submission and presentation

Second progress report submission and presentation

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Thesis submission and presentationOnce the thesis project is nearly complete, students are expected to formally present the results of their efforts within the framework of a seminar and respond to comments/questions put forward by a committee consisting of their thesis advisors and invited referees. Students are expected to develop and submit a publication paper based on their thesis work. The paper should be an internationally reputable journal quality.

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