Mechanical engineering in the medieval near east
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Transcript of Mechanical engineering in the medieval near east
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MECHANICAL ENGINEERING IN THE MEDIEVAL NEAR EAST
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Birth of Mechanical Engineering in the East
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Technology
Utilitarian Fine
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Utilitarian Technology
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Utilitarian Technology
Utility technology was brought about as an answer to the basic necessities of man• supplying irrigation at fields• processing crops into food• fulling of cloth• crushing of metallic ores• paper making • pulping of sugarcane
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Water Raising/Lifting Methods and Machines
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Shaduf
Water Rising/Lifting Methods and Machines
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Water Rising/Lifting Methods and Machines
Screw/Water Snail
Screw Water Snail
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Higher Lift - Noria
Water Rising/Lifting Methods and Machines
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Most widespread: Saqiya
Water Rising/Lifting Methods and Machines
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Spiral Scoop Wheel
Water Rising/Lifting Methods and Machines
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Twin Cylinder: Water Driven Pump
Water Rising/Lifting Methods and Machines
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Water Wheel
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Horizontal Wheel
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Vertical Wheel
Undershot Overshot
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Wind Mills
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Fine Technology
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Fine Technology
Fine Technology were derived from the use of delicate mechanisms and controls.• astronomical observations• observation and computation. • amusement and aesthetic pleasure to
the members of courtly circles.
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Arabic Treatises about Fine Technology
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The Book of Ingenious Devices by Banu Musa
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The Book of Ingenious Mechanical Devices by Al- Jhazari
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Automata
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Water Clocks and Flow Regulators
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Closed-Loop System
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Candle Clocks
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Fountain
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Musical Automata
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Concepts introduced by Al Jhazari
• the lamination of timber to minimize warping• the static balancing of wheels• the use of wooden templates (a kind of
pattern)
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Concepts introduced by Al Jhazari
• use of paper models to establish designs the calibration of orifices
• ginding of the seats and plugs of valves together with emery powder to obtain a watertight fit
• casting of metals in closed mold boxes with sand.
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Mechanical Engineering of the East to the West
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It seems probable that some elements of the rich vein of Islamic mechanical engineering were transmitted to Europe.
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The most likely location for the transfer of information was Iberia during the long years in which Christians and Muslims coexisted.