Mechanical Design Patterns - palojono Design Patterns.pdfMechanical Design Patterns ... Courtesy of...

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Mechanical Design Patterns Jonathan Hey BiD lunch :: April 27 th 2005

Transcript of Mechanical Design Patterns - palojono Design Patterns.pdfMechanical Design Patterns ... Courtesy of...

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Mechanical DesignPatterns

Jonathan HeyBiD lunch :: April 27th 2005

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What this is…

• Sharing

• Interesting

• Multi-way…

with a caveat or two

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What I’ll talk about…

• What are they• A little evolution

– Architectural Patterns– Software Patterns

• Mechanical design patterns• TRIZ• The Contradiction Matrix and Inventive Principles• An exercise• Some comparisons, thoughts and opportunities…

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What are design patterns…

"Patterns communicate insights into design problems, capturing the essence of the problems and their solutions in a compact form. They describe the problem in depth, the rationale for the solution, and some of the trade-offs in applying the solution.“

(from The Design of Sites, Van Duyne et al. 2003)

"Patterns communicate insights into design problems, capturing the essence of the problems and their solutions in a compact form. They describe the problem in depth, the rationale for the solution, and some of the trade-offs in applying the solution.“

(from The Design of Sites, Van Duyne et al. 2003)

Each pattern describes a problem which occurs over and over again in our environment, and then describes the core of the solution to that problem, in such a way that you can use this solution a million times over, without ever doing it the same way twice.

(from A Pattern Language, Alexander et al. 1977)

Each pattern describes a problem which occurs over and over again in our environment, and then describes the core of the solution to that problem, in such a way that you can use this solution a million times over, without ever doing it the same way twice.

(from A Pattern Language, Alexander et al. 1977)

A pattern is the abstraction from a concrete form which keeps recurring in specific non-arbitrary contexts.

(from "Understanding and Using Patterns in Software Development", Dirk Riehle and Heinz Zullighoven )

A pattern is the abstraction from a concrete form which keeps recurring in specific non-arbitrary contexts.

(from "Understanding and Using Patterns in Software Development", Dirk Riehle and Heinz Zullighoven )

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Design Patterns

A (very) little history…

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Christopher Alexander

• Patterns for Architecture– The Timeless Way of Building– A Pattern Language– The Oregon Experiment

• Towns, buildings, construction– Levels– Network– A language

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‘A Pattern Language’ Alexander et al., 1977 Image: www.saraphina.com

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Software Patterns

• Abstract Factory• Builder• Factory method• Prototype• Singleton

• Adapter• Bridge• Composite• Decorator• Façade• Flyweight• Proxy

Creational Structural

Gamma et al. (Gang of Four)

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Gamma et al. Patterns 2

• Chain of Responsibility

• Command• Interpreter• Iterator• Mediator• Memento

• Observer• State• Strategy• Template method• Visitor

Behavioral

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The Design of Sites

• Patterns, principles and processes for crafting a customer-centered web experience

• Ubiquitous Computing– Eric Chung, Jason I. Hong, James Lin, Madhu K. Prabaker,

James A. Landay, Alan L. Liu. “Design Patterns for Ubiquitous Computing.” In Proceedings of Designing Interactive Systems 2004. Cambridge, Massachusetts. August, 2004.

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TRIZ

The Theory of Inventive Problem-Solving

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Analysis of 2.5 million patents

• The same Problems and Solutions occur again and again

• The most powerful solutions uncover and eliminate contradictions

• The best solutions make effective use of available resources

• Technological trends are predictable

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Patent No. : US 6,061,834

Title : Air ventilation safety helmet

Issue Date : May 16, 2000

The helmet ventilation device described in the previous art has two ventilation slits on the front surface so that the air can flow into the helmet. Although such ventilation slits are equipped with a device to avoid water leakage, the device usually fails to function normally. When it rains, the rain can easily leak into the helmet through the ventilation slits causing discomfort.

In the present invention, there is provided an air ventilation safety helmet comprising a molded helmet body defining a recessed interior for receiving therein the head of the motorcyclist and an air funnel which is attached to the molded helmet by means of a rubber band, a spring, a screw, or the like. When it rains or it is cold, the air funnel can be rotated to prevent the cold air from flowing into the helmet and to avoid water leakage.

A patent…

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Patent No. : US 6,061,834

Title : Air ventilation safety helmet

Issue Date : May 16, 2000

The helmet ventilation device described in the previous art has two ventilation slits on the front surface so that the air can flow into the helmet. Although such ventilation slits are equipped with a device to avoid water leakage, the device usually fails to function normally. When it rains, the rain can easily leak into the helmet through the ventilation slits causing discomfort.

In the present invention, there is provided an air ventilation safety helmet comprising a molded helmet body defining a recessed interior for receiving therein the head of the motorcyclist and an air funnel which is attached to the molded helmet by means of a rubber band, a spring, a screw, or the like. When it rains or it is cold, the air funnel can be rotated to prevent the cold air from flowing into the helmet and to avoid water leakage.

Improving Feature:

17 - Temperature

A patent…

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Patent No. : US 6,061,834

Title : Air ventilation safety helmet

Issue Date : May 16, 2000

The helmet ventilation device described in the previous art has two ventilation slits on the front surface so that the air can flow into the helmet. Although such ventilation slits are equipped with a device to avoid water leakage, the device usually fails to function normally. When it rains, the rain can easily leak into the helmet through the ventilation slits causing discomfort.

In the present invention, there is provided an air ventilation safety helmet comprising a molded helmet body defining a recessed interior for receiving therein the head of the motorcyclist and an air funnel which is attached to the molded helmet by means of a rubber band, a spring, a screw, or the like. When it rains or it is cold, the air funnel can be rotated to prevent the cold air from flowing into the helmet and to avoid water leakage.

Improving Feature:

17 - Temperature

Worsening Feature:30 – External harm affects the object

A patent…

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Patent No. : US 6,061,834

Title : Air ventilation safety helmet

Issue Date : May 16, 2000

The helmet ventilation device described in the previous art has two ventilation slits on the front surface so that the air can flow into the helmet. Although such ventilation slits are equipped with a device to avoid water leakage, the device usually fails to function normally. When it rains, the rain can easily leak into the helmet through the ventilation slits causing discomfort.

In the present invention, there is provided an air ventilation safety helmet comprising a molded helmet body defining a recessed interior for receiving therein the head of the motorcyclist and an air funnel which is attached to the molded helmet by means of a rubber band, a spring, a screw, or the like. When it rains or it is cold, the air funnel can be rotated to prevent the cold air from flowing into the helmet and to avoid water leakage.

Improving Feature:

17 - Temperature

Worsening Feature:30 – External harm affects the object

Principle used:

15a – Dynamics

A patent…

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What is TRIZ…

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What is TRIZ…

Abstract

Specific

Problem Solution

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What’s like patterns…

• An encapsulated problem and common, good, solutions

Somebody somewhere has already solved your problem

Somebody somewhere has already solved your problem

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The Contradiction Matrix

• A matrix of common problems and common, good, solutions…

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����������������������� ����� Courtesy of CREAX

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Inventive Principles

Courtesy of CREAX

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Inventive Principles1. Segmentation2. Taking out3. Local Quality4. Asymmetry5. Merging6. Universality7. ‘Nested Doll’8. Counterweight9. Prior Counter-Action

10. Prior Action11. Prior Cushioning12. Equipotentiality13. ‘The Other Way Round’14. Curvature15. Dynamics16. Partial or Excessive Action17. Another Dimension18. Mechanical Vibration19. Periodic Action20. Continuity of Useful Action

21. Skipping22. ‘Blessing in Disguise’23. Feedback24. Intermediary25. Self-Service26. Copying27. Cheap/Short Living28. Mechanics Substitution29. Pneumatics and Hydraulics30. Flexible Shells/Thin Films31. Porous Materials32. Colour Changes33. Homogeneity34. Discarding and Recovering35. Parameter Changes36. Phase Transitions37. Thermal Expansion38. Strong Oxidants39. Inert Atmosphere40. Composite Materials

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Chocolate liqueurs…

• A company that makes chocolate liqueurs

• The liqueur is viscous and is hard to pour fast

• Heating the liqueur reduces the viscosity and allows them to pour faster

• But when it gets too hot the chocolate melts…

• How can they fill the chocolates faster?

1. Formulate the conflicting parameters

2. Find the inventive principles

3. Generate some possible solutions

Originally from ‘An suddenly an inventor appeared’ Altshuller Image: www.delianddelights.co.uk

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Comparisons, thoughts, opportunities

• Similar goal• Structure• People and technology• How generic• Best used together

– A language…– A vocabulary for problem-solving

• Other fields– Education, Biology, Business, Software…

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Comparisons, thoughts, opportunities…

• Explicitness of stating the problem• Levels – but some principles are used more than

others• Auto extraction• A ‘language’ for the principles – build the

network

Your thoughts…

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Thank you

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