MEBS6006 Environmental Services I - ibse.hk

Advanced Psychrometry

Dr. Benjamin P.L. Ho Department of Mechanical Engineering

The University of Hong Kong

MEBS6006 Environmental Services I http://www.hku.hk/bse/MEBS6006/

1

Contents

• Review of Basic Psychrometry

• Introduction to Psychrometry

• Psychrometric Processes

• Practical Applications of Psychrometry

• Characteristics and use of psychrometric charts

• Software for psychrometric analysis

• Techniques of Psychrometric Analysis

• Psychrometrics and Bioclimatic Analysis

2

Introduction to Psychrometry

• Basics

• Atmospheric air

• Composes the gaseous components of dry air including

nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc; as well as water

vapour and other miscellaneous contaminants

• The standard atmosphere is at sea level, temperature =

15C, barometric pressure 101.325kPa

• Dry Air

• Atmosphere air with all water vapour and contaminants

removed

• Relative molecular mass of dry air = 28.966

• Gas Constant Rda = 287.042 J/kgdaK

3


• Moist Air

• A binary (only 2 component) mixture of dry air and

water vapour

• Water vapour exist in atmospheric air in certain amount

from zero (dry air) to a maximum (saturated)

• The amount of ‘saturated’ water vapour depends on

temperature and pressure

• ‘Saturation’ is a state of neutral equilibrium between

moist air and the condensed water phase

• Relative molecular mass = 18.015

• Gas Constant for water vapour Rw = 461.524 J/kgwK

4


• Saturated vapour pressure

• Like other gaseous components, water vapour produces a pressure

in its gaseous state (Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure)

• Pressure produced by the water vapour in fully saturated

condition = saturated vapour pressure

• Saturated vapour pressure = constant at different temperature

• Gradually at 100C, the saturated vapour pressure = atmospheric

pressure, water boils!

• A plot of the vapour pressure against

temperature is shown the foundation

of a Psychrometric Chart

Temp (C) 10 20 30 40 50 60

Pressure (kPa) 1.23 2.34 4.25 7.38 12.35 19.95

5


• Psychrometry

• The study of atmospheric air and its associated water

vapour

• Atmospheric air is moist air that can exist in the range

from Dry Air to Saturated Moist Air

• Psychrometry is thus related to the thermodynamic

properties of this moist air at different temperatures

• The pressure taken is usually at Standard Atmospheric

Pressure = 101.325 kPa, but other pressure values (at

elevated heights) may also be considered as necessary.

6


• Thermodynamic properties of moist air

• Refer to Table 2 (from ASHRAE Handbook -

Fundamentals)

• Take note of the ‘reference’ zero at 0C

• Specific enthalpy hda = 0 KJ/kgda

• Specific entropy sda = 0 KJ/kgdaK

• What are the meanings of the different columns?

• Humidity ratio Ws ?

• Specific volume?

• Specific enthalpy?

• Specific entropy?

7


• Thermodynamic properties of water at saturation

• Refer to Table 3 (from ASHRAE Handbook -

Fundamentals)

• Take note of the ‘reference’ zero at 0.01C (triple point of

water)

• This table is useful when determining the specific enthalpy

of liquid water and steam in the air conditioning processes,

e.g.

• liquid water condensed at 10C = 42.02 kg/kgw

• Steam at 110C injected into the air = 2691.07 kg/kgw

8


• Other definitions of humidity

• humidity ratio 𝑊

• Ratio of the mass of water vapour to the mass of dry air in the

sample

• 𝑊 = 𝑀𝑤/𝑀𝑑𝑎 (unit = gw/kgda)

• Specific humidity 𝛾

• Mass of water vapour to total mass of moist air sample

• 𝛾 =𝑀𝑤

𝑀𝑤+𝑀𝑑𝑎

• 𝛾 =𝑊

1+𝑊

• Absolute humidity 𝑑𝑣

• Ratio of mass of water vapour to total volume of the sample

• 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑀𝑤/𝑉

9


• Saturation humidity ratio 𝑊𝑠(𝑡, 𝑝) • Humidity ratio of moist air saturated

• Degree of saturation 𝜇

• Ratio of air humidity ratio 𝑊 to humidity ratio 𝑊𝑠 of saturated air

at the same temperature and pressure

• 𝜇 = 𝑊/𝑊𝑠

• Relative Humidity 𝜙

• Ratio of the mole fraction of water vapour 𝑥𝑤 in a given moist air

sample to the mole fraction 𝑥𝑤𝑠 in an air sample saturated at the

same temperature and pressure

• 𝜙 = 𝑥𝑤/𝑥𝑤𝑠

• 𝜇 =𝜙

1+ 1−𝜙 𝑊𝑠/0.621945 (the actual values differ slightly)

10


• Dew-point temperature 𝑡𝑑

• Temperature of moist air saturated at pressure p with the same

humidity ratio W as that of the given same of moist air

• Thermodynamic wet-bulb temperature t*

• Temperature at which water, by evaporating into moist air at dry

bulb temperature t and humidity ratio W, can bring air to saturation

adiabatically at the same temperature t* when total pressure p is

constant

• The wet-bulb temperature measured out using a psychrometer is

not exactly the thermodynamic wet-bulb temperature but with

slight differences

• The wet-bulb temperature on the

psychrometric chart is thermo-

dynamic wet-bulb temperature

11


• Psychrometric Chart

• A graphical representation of the thermodynamic

properties of moist air

• Coordinates for a psychrometric chart

• Arbitrary but most charts have the ‘oblique’ coordinates

of enthalpy and humidity ratio

• Humidity ratio lines are horizontal

• Enthalpy lines are oblique lines precisely parallel

• Dry bulb temperature lines are straight, not precisely parallel

• Thermodynamic wet bulb temperature lines are oblique and

straight, slightly different direction from enthalpy lines, but

not precisely parallel

• Relative humidity lines are curves

• Specific volume lines are straight, not precisely parallel

12

Psychrometric Chart

Wet-bulb

temperature

Enthalpy

Dew-point

temperature

Relative

humidity

Humidity

ratio

Specific

volume

Dry-bulb

temperature 13


• Psychrometric Chart

• ASHRAE develops a set of psychrometric charts

for different uses

• Charts 1 to 4 are at sea level

• Chart 1 to 4 at different temperature ranges

• Chart 1 : 0C to 50C (most commonly used)

• Chart 5 at 750m altitude (0C to 50C )



• Chart 8 to 16 for 200 to 320 C

16

Psychrometric Processes

• Common processes:

• Sensible cooling / sensible heating

• Cooling and dehumidification / heating and

humidification

• Humidification / dehumidification

• Evaporative cooling / chemical dehydration

• Typical devices:

• Cooling/heating coils

• Humidifiers / dehumidifiers

19

Basic psychrometric processes

3

5

1

8

4

6

2

7

Process 0-1: Sensible heating

Process 0-2: Sensible cooling

Process 0-3: Humidifying

Process 0-4: Dehumidifying

Process 0-5: Heating and humidifying

Process 0-6: Cooling and dehumidifying

Process 0-7: Cooling and humidifying

Process 0-8: Heating and dehumidifying 20

Psychrometric processes

Sensible cooling/heating Cooling and dehumidification

Evaporative cooling Adiabatic dehumidification 21

Cooling coil

22

Cooling and dehumidification

23

Cooling and dehumidification

24

Simple air conditioning cycle

A sample cycle for Hong Kong summer conditions

- Outdoor: DBT = 33 ºC; WBT = 28 ºC; flow = 20% of supply air

- Indoor: DBT = 25 ºC; RH = 50%

- Air leaving cooling coil: DBT = 13 ºC; %RH = 95% 25


• Sensible heating coils

• Cooling coils

• Mixing air streams

• Humidifiers

• Water spray types

• Steam humidifier

• Room psychrometric process

26

Moist Air Sensible Heating

• Energy equation

• 𝑞 = 𝑚 𝑑𝑎(ℎ2 − ℎ1)

• E.g.

• State 1: moist air saturated at

2C, v = 10m3/s

• State 2: 40 C

• Find rate of heating q

27

Moist Air Cooling and Dehumidification

• Energy and mass equations • 𝑚 𝑑𝑎ℎ1 = 𝑚 𝑑𝑎ℎ2 + q +𝑚 𝑤ℎ𝑤

• 𝑚 𝑑𝑎𝑊1 = 𝑚 𝑑𝑎𝑊2 +𝑚 𝑤

• E.g.

• State 1: moist air 30C DB, 50%

RH, v = 5m3/s

• State 2: saturated moist air at 10C

• Find refrigeration (kW)

28

Adiabatic Mixing

• Energy and Mass equations

• 𝑚 𝑑𝑎1ℎ1 +𝑚 𝑑𝑎2ℎ2 = 𝑚 𝑑𝑎3ℎ3

• 𝑚 𝑑𝑎1 +𝑚 𝑑𝑎2 = 𝑚 𝑑𝑎3

• 𝑚 𝑑𝑎1𝑊1 +𝑚 𝑑𝑎2𝑊2 = 𝑚 𝑑𝑎3𝑊3

• E.g.

• State 1: 2m3/s, 4C DBT,

2C WBT

• State 2: 6.25m3/s, 25C

DBT, 50% RH

• Find DBT and WBT of

mixture

29

Adiabatic Mixing of Water injected into Moist

Air (water spray / steam)

30


• 𝑚 𝑑𝑎1ℎ1 +𝑚 𝑤ℎ𝑤 = 𝑚 𝑑𝑎2ℎ2

• 𝑚 𝑑𝑎1𝑊1 +𝑚 𝑤 = 𝑚 𝑑𝑎2𝑊2

• E.g.

• State 1: 20C DBT, 8C

WBT, m = 2 kgda/s

• State 2: air with dew point

13 C

• Injected steam = 110C

• Find DBT of air and steam

flow

Space heat absorption and moist air moisture gains


• 𝑚 𝑑𝑎1ℎ1 + 𝑞𝑠 + 𝑚 𝑤ℎ𝑤 = 𝑚 𝑑𝑎2ℎ2

• 𝑚 𝑑𝑎1𝑊1 + 𝑚 𝑤= 𝑚 𝑑𝑎2𝑊2

• E.g.

• State 2: 25C DBT, 19C WBT

• Sensible heat = 9kW

• Moisture gain = 0.0015kg/s at

30 C

• State 1: 15C DBT

• Find WBT and volume flowrate

31


• Observations:

• Sensible heat ratio (SHR) /

Ratio of enthalpy and humidity ratio

• Space cooling load

• Cooling coil’s load/capacity

• Humidification capacity

• Mixing processes

• Principles of heat balance & conservation of mass

32

Sensible and latent cooling loads

33

Practical Use of Psych. Chart

• Examples of psychrometric charts

• ASHRAE

• CIBSE

• Carrier

• Mr. S K Wang (similar to Trane)

• Mollier Diagram (used in Mainland China,

Russia…)

34

Psychrometric Software

• ASHRAE Psychrometric Analysis CD-ROM

(2002) [AV 697 P97]

• ArchiSci software – PSYCHWIN

• CYTSoft Psychrometric Chart

• PsychroGen software

• Psychrometric Chart (PSY) software

• Daikin Psychrometric Diagram Viewer

38

(Source: ArchiSci Software - PSYCHWIN) 39

(Source: ArchiSci Software - PSYCHWIN)

Design strategies for HVAC systems

40

(Source: ArchiSci Software - PSYCHWIN)

* See also thermal comfort notes

Thermal comfort analysis and design

41

Analysis of external climate

42

Psychrometric Analysis

• Psychrometrics and Bioclimatic Analysis for

Hong Kong

http://arch.hku.hk/~cmhui/teach/65156-7e.htm

• Cooling strategies

• Thermal comfort zones

• Frequency distribution on psychrometric charts

43




Analysis of weather conditions in Hong Kong

44


45


46


* The number represents the possibility of occurrence. 47

Analysis of HVAC operation strategy

48

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U8498U854UU8583U8626U8671U8716U8763U881lU886UU891U

U8961U9U14U9U69U9124U9182U9241U93U2U9365U943UU9498

U9567U9639U9714U9791U9871U99551UU41IUl311U225lU323

1U4251U5311U6431U7591U8811 ︳UU9l l143

︳ 1284l14321 1587

l 1752l 1925121U8123U2125U8127261 2957132U41346713748

14U49143721471915U9315497159351641l1693U174971 8121

1 88U9

195722U421213732244623卷65

25U622ㄛ676285643U79933487

42115449664792951Ul154219

5755861U37646636844472388765U38U8Ul852898997994882

lUUUU9lU5372llU985l1686U123U1312945813621314329415U72U15851U

16ε 6851752681842821937512U37U421416922517823676324896U261 8U8

2753492896273U469U32U5923373893551443739243938U3414862437188

46U88U486U445I279954︳ 276∫7162U6U39936385766755727152U8957741

8U34648527U79U585U9633261U25638IU9336711(9:9191

12479U713364581433962

1541765166149617951451945171211464923U7476252866227847643U84528343988538675∫ 6

UU538UU573UU6U7UU642UU676

UU711UU745UU799UU813UU847UU881UU915UU948UU982UlU15

U1U48UlU81U1l15Ul147U118UU1213Ul246Ul278U1311U1343

U1375Ul4U9U1439Ul471U15U3U1535U1566U1598Ul629Ul66U

U1692Ul723Ul754Ul785Ul816U1846Ul877U19U8U1938Ul968

U1999U2U29U2U59U2U89U2lI9U2149U2179U22U8U2238U2268

U2297U2326U2356U2385U2414U2443U2472U25UlU2529U2558

U2587U2615U2644U2ε 72U27UlU2729U2757U2985U2813U284︳U2869

UI525U1624Ul726U1832Ul942

U2U57U2175U2298U2426U256UU2698U2842U2992U3148U3311

U3481U3658U3843U4U35U4236U4447U4666U4895U5135U5386

U5649U5923U621lU6512U6828U7159U75U7U7871U8254U8655

U9U78U9522U99891 U481

lU999l 154512121127291337114U5U

147691553U16337171941 81U5

19U742UlU7212U92238623646

249972644928Ull296973 152U3349635645379894U55343371

464784992U5375458U4762885恣83767466U819199U396lUU421l124∫ 8

15

16

17

18

19

2U

21

22

2324

252627

2829

3U31

32333435

363738

39

4U414243444546474849

5U51

52535455

56575859

6U61

卷2

63646566676869

7U71

7273

7475767778

79

8U

81

82

83848586

87

88899U

PsychrUmetrics 1.5

TabIe3 ThermUdynaⅡ】icPropertieSUf、VateratSatlratiUn

SPe¢ iΠ c、石ollIme,mη kg,v SPeci冇 cEnthaIpy,kJˊ kg〃 Spec︳ fIcEⅡ trop扔 kJKkg,.●《)Temp” ΛbsUlute°C Pressuret 9,1,,kPa

Evnp. Sat.VaPor Sat.s° Ⅱd

圴g/嘔 ’g 巧/J,r

Sat.Solid

竹/’tr

Ⅶ

℃t唧芔

E桁 Sat.、/apor Sat.SoⅡ d Evap. Sat.、 rap。 r

rfε 打/‘Lr ‘愆/与r 吆-6U-59

-58

-57

-56

-55

-54

一53

-52

——51

-5U

洴 9

┤ 8

zI7

┤ 6

┤ 5

-44

爿 3

┤ 2

-“牛l

-4U

-39

-38

-37

-36

-35

-34

-33

-32

-31

-3U-29

-28-27

-26

-25

-24

-23

-22

-21

-2U

-19

-18

-︳ 7

-16

-I5

-14

-13

-12

-l1

UUUlU8 UUUlU81UUUl24 UUU1U82UUUl41 UUU1U82UUUl61 UUU1U82UUU184 UUU1U82UUU2U9 UUUlU82UUU238 UUUlU82UUU271 UUU1U82UUU3U7 UUU1U83UUU348 UUU1U83

UUU394 UUUlU83UUU445 UUUlU83UUU5U3 UUUlU83UUU968 UUUlU83UUUε 4U UUUlU83

UUU72U UUUlU84UUU81U UUU1U84UUU91U UUUlU84UUlU22 UUU1U84UU1146 UUUlU84

UUl284 UUUlU84UU1437 UUU1U85UU16U7 UUUlU85UUl795 UUU1U85UU2UU4 UUUlU85UU2234 UUUlU85UU2489 UUUlU8∫UU2771 UUUlU85UU3U81 UUUlU86UU3423 UUUlU86

UU38U1 UUUlU86UU4215 UUU︳ U86

UU4672 UUUlU86UU5173 UUUlU86UU5724 UUUlU87UU6327 UUUlU87UU6989 UUU︳ U87

UU97︳ 4 UUUlU87UU85U8 UUU1U87UU9376 UUU1U87

U1U324 UUU1U87Ul136U UUUlU88Ul249U UUU1U88Ul3722 UUUlU88Ul5U65 UUUlU88Ul6527 UUU︳ U88

Ul8119 UUUlU88Ul9849 UUUlU89U21729 UUUlU89U23771 UUUlU89

U25987 UUU1U89U2839I UUUIU89U3U995 UUUlU89U33817 UUUlU9UU36871 UUU1U9UU4Ul74 UUU1U9UU43745 UUUlU9UU476U4 UUUIU9UU5197U UUU1U91U56266 UUUlU91U61l15 UUU1U91

9U971 58 9U971587988531 79885317U23677 7U235786182623 61826245448828 544882848U77S4 48U77544247Ul1 4247U113755949 375595U33254U7 33254U72947487 2947487

261538U 261538U23232U3 23232U42U6S89U 2U6587U1838975 1838975

16387U3 16387U31461739 1461939I3U52U7 13U52U7l1666U2 11666U21U43746 1U43746934738 934738

83792U 83792U751844 751844675243 卷752436U7UU8 6U7UU8546168 546168491869 491869443364 443364399995 3999953611 82 36Il 82

326415 326416

295246 295246267277 267277242158 24215821958U 21958U199268 I9926818U979 18U979164499 164499149636 149636136221 136221

1241U3 1241U3

l13149 1131491U3238 1U323894264 94265861 34 8613478761 78761

72U7U 72U7U65994 659946U472 6U47355451 5545︳

5U881 5U881

46719 4671942925 4292639466 39466363U9 363U933426 334263U792 3U79228382 2838326178 2617824︳ 6U 2416U223 1U 223 11

2U615 2U615

-44612 283627-4444卷 283645-44279 283663-441 l1 283681-43942 283697-43773 283713-436U3 283728-43432 283742-43261 283756-43U88 283769

-42916 283781-42742 283793-42568 2838U4-42393 283814-42217 283823-42U4U 283832-41863 283839-41685 283847-415U6 283853-41327 283859

一41147 283864-4U966 283868-4U785 283872-4U6U2 283874-4U419 283876-4U236 283878-4UU51 283878一39866 283878-3968U 283877-39494 283875

-393U6 283873-391 18 28387U-38929 283866-3874U 28386I-3855U 283856-38359 283849-38167 283842-37975 283835-3778︳ 283826-37588 283817

-37393 2838U7-37198 283796-37UU︳ 283784-368U5 283772一366U7 283769-364U9 283745-3621U 28373U-36U1U 283714-358 1U 283698

-356U8 28368U

-354U6 283662

-352U4 283644一35UUU 283624-34796 2836U3-34591 283582-34386 28356U-34179 283537-33972 283513-33764 283488-33556 283463-33347 283436

-16U65 127191一15987 1266U9-159U9 126U51-15832 125498-15754 12495U-1 5679 1244U6

-15699 123869-15522 123331-15444 I228Ul-1 5367 122274

lI l1U6 -5U1IU622 -49llUl42 -481U9666 -47lU9196 -46lU8729 -451U8267 -44lU781U -43

1U73∫ 6 -42

lU69U7 -41

lU2232 -3UlUl83U -291Ul431 -28lUlU36 -271UU644 -26lUU256 -2599871 -2499489 -23

991l1 ＿22

98736 -21

98365 -2U97996 -1997631 -!897269 -179691U -16965S4 -!5962Ul -1495851 -13955U4 -129516U -ll

94819 -1U94481 -994145 -893812 -793482 -693165 -59283U -4925U8 -392189 -291872 -l91558 U

239U1423919923938523957U23975523994U

24U12524U31U24U49524U681

24U866241U512412362414212416U6241791241976242162

242347242532

242717

2429U2243U87243272243457243642243827244U12244197244382

2445672447512449362451212453U624549124567524586U

246U45246229

24641424659824698324696724715124733624752U2477U4247888248U72

24825624844U2486232488U724899124917424935924954124t9724

2499U725UU9U

-I 6842 133U64 116222 -6U

-I 6764 132452 115687 -59

-16687 13 1845 115158 -∫ 8

-166U9 131243 114634 -∫ 7

-1 6∫ 31 13U646 114115 -56-1 6453 13UU54 1136Ul ——55

-1 6375 129468 113U92 一54

-1 6298 128886 112589 -53

-1622U l2831U 112U9U -62-16142 127738 1l 1596 Sl

-15289 121752 1U6462 -4U

-15212 121234 1U6U22 -39-l＿h￣ 135 12U72U lU5585 -38-15U57 12U21U 1U5152 -37-1498U 1197U4 1U4724 -36

-149U3 1192U2 1U4299 -35-14825 1187U3 1U3878 -34-14748 1182U9 1U34ε 1 -33-14671 117718 1U3U47 -32-14594 117231 lU2638 -31

-14516 116748一14439 1︳ 6269

-14362 1I5793-14285 115321-142U8 114852-14131 114386-14U54 11392∫-13977 ︳13466-13899 ︳13U1l-1 3822 112559

-13745-13668-13591-13514-13437一1336U-13284-132U7-1313U-13U∫ 3

112HUll 1665

ll 1223

11U78411U3481U9915lU9485lU9U58lU8634

lU8213

一l一

一8一

7巧

→

┤

一3一

2┤

0

-I2976 1U7795-12899 1U738U-12822 IU6967-12745 1U6558-12668 1U615︳-I2592 1U5747-12515 1U5345-12438 1U4946-12361 lU455U-12284 1U4157-122U8 1U3966

1.6 2UU9ASHRAEHandbUUk FundamentaIs(SI9

Tab︳e3 ThermodynamicProper“ eSofWateratSaturation(CUrIr′ π〞θ〞)

Spec:fIcV㏕ ume,m打 kg卬 SpeciΠ cEnthaIpy,kJ/kgⅣ SpecifIcEntropy,kJ/(kgⅣ .K)Temp” AbsoIute

°C Pressure ㄗll s,kPa

EV日 P. Sat.、/apor Sat.SoIid

”g/’t巧ξ t 桁/rjr

EvaP. Sat.l/apor Sat.SoIid乃j↙牬力g 襾4

Evap. Sat.VaPor

扔g/4g 怗

Sat.SoIid

圴/｝tr

Temp.,

。Ct

U

l

2

3

45

6

7

8

9

1U

11

12

13

14

15

1(∫

17

18

19

2U21

2223

2425

26272829

3U31

3233

34

35

363738

39

4U41

4243

4445

46474849

5U∫l

52

53

5455

56

57

58

59

6U61

6263

6465

666768

69

U6112 UUUlUUUU6571 UUUlUUUU7U6U UUUlUUUU7581 UUUlUUUU8135 UUUlUUUU8726 UUUlUUUU9354 UUU1UUUlUU21 UUUlUUUlU73U UUUlUUU1 1483 UUU1UUU

2282 UUU1UUU3129 UUU1UUU4U28 UUUlUUl4981 UUUlUUl5989 UUUlUU17U57 UUU1UU18188 UUUlUU19383 UUUlUUl

2U647 UUUlUUI21982 UUU1UU2

23392 UUUlUU224881 UUUlUU226452 UUU1UU2281U9 UUUlUU329856 UUU1UU33 1697 UUUlUU333637 UUU1UU335679 UUUlUU437828 UUUlUU44UU89 UUUlUU4

42467 UUU1UU444966 UUU1UU547592 UUU1UU55U351 UUUlUU553247 UUUlUU656286 UUUlUU659475 UUUlUU662818 UUU1UU766324 UUU1UU769997 UUUlUU7

73844 UUUlUU877873 UUU1UU882U9U UUUlUU9865U3 UUUlUU991l18 UUU1UU995944 UUUlUlUlUU988 UUUlU1UlU6259 UUUlUlll1 1764 UUUlUll︳1 7512 UUU1Ul2

123513 UUUlUl2129774 UUU1Ul31363U5 UUU1Ul3143116 UUUlU1415U21∫ UUU1Ul4157614 UUUlUl5165322 UUUlUl517335U UUUlUl61817U8 UUU1Ul619U4U7 UUU1U19

199458 UUUlUl72U8873 UUU1U18218664 UUUlUl8228842 UUUlU19239421 UUU1U1925U41l UUUlU2U261827 UUUlU2U27368U UUU1U21285986 UUU1U22298756 UUU1U22

2U6139 2U614U192444 192445179763 179764168Ul3 168Ul415712U l57121I47Ul6 147U17139637 137638128927 12892812U833 12U8341133U8 1︳ 33U9

1U63U8 1U63U999792 9979393723 9372488U69 88U7U82797 827987788U 778817329U 7329169UU5 69UU。65UU2 65UU36126U 61261

5776U 5796154486 5448751421 5142248551 4865245862 458634334U 433414U976 4U97738767 3875836674 3667534718 34719

32881 3288231 153 31 15429528 2952928UUU 28UUl26561 26562252U7 252U823931 2393222728 2292921594 215952U525 2U526

19516 1951718564 1856517664 1766516815 I681616U12 16Ul3l∫ 252 1525314534 145351385∫ 1385613212 13213I26U3 126U4

12U27 12U28l1481 114821U963 1U9641U472 1U4731UUU6 1UUU795639 9564991444 9145487461 8747183678 836888UU83 8UU93

76666 7667773418 734287U328 7U33867389 6739964591 646Ul61928 6193859392 594U256976 5698654694 5468452479 5249U

-UU4 25UU93418 249855839 249617126U 24938U168I 24914221U2 2489U52522 2486682943 2484313363 248︳ 943782 247958

42U2 2477214622 2474845U41 247248546U 247Ull5879 2467756298 2465386717 2463U19136 246U6575＿S5 2458289973 245592

8392 2453＿b￣ 5

881U 2451 189229 2448819647 2446451UU66 2444U81U484 244171lU9U2 243933l132U 24369611738 24345912︳ 56 243221

12575 24298412993 24274613411 242∫ U813829 24227U14247 242U3214664 24199415U82 241556155UU 2413 1715918 241U7816336 24U839

16754 24U6UU︳7172 24U3611759U 24U12118UU8 23988218426 23964218844 2〕 94U219262 2391611968U 2389212UU98 23868U2U5 16 238439

2U934 2381972I352 2379562177U 23771422188 237472226U6 23723U23U24 23698723442 23674423861 2365Ul24279 23625724697 236Ul3

251 15 23D￣ 76925534 235525259∫ 2 23528U26371 235U3526789 234789272U8 23454327627 23429728U45 234U5U28464 2338U328883 233556

U1511 87488Ul659 87U96Ul8U6 867U8U19$3 86322U2U99 85939U2245 85559U239U 85181U2534 848U6U2698 84砟 34U2822 84U64

U2965 83696U31U8 8333IU325U 82969U3391 826U9U3532 82251U3673 81895U3813 81542U3952 81192U4U91 8U843U423U 8U497

U4368 8Ul53U45U6 79812U4643 79472U478U 79135U4916 788UUU5U52 78467U5187 7813卷U5322 778U7U∫457 7748UU559I 77155

U5724 7ㄛ 832U5858 76512U599U 76193U6123 75876U6255 75561U6386 75248U6517 74937U6648 74628U6778 7432UU69U8 74Ul5

U7U38 7371lU7167 734U9U7296 731U9U7424 7281lU7552 72514U7ε 8U 72219U78U7 71926U7934 71634U8U6U 7︳ 344U8186 71U56

U8312 9U77UU8438 7U485U85ㄛ3 7U2UlU8687 69919U8811 69639U8935 69361U9U59 69U83U9182 688U8U93U5 68534U9428 68261

91558 U91291 l91U27 29U765 39U5U6 49U249 589994 689742 789492 889244 9

88998 1U88755 1188514 128827∫ 1388U38 14878U4 1587571 1687341 1787112 1886886 19

866ㄛ 1 2U86439 21862︳ 8 2286UUU 2385783 2485568 2585355 2685144 2784934 2884727 29

84521 3U84317 3184115 3283914 3383915 3483518 3583323 3683129 3782936 3882746 39

82557 4U82369 4182183 4281999 438 1816 4481634 4581454 4681276 4781U99 488U923 49

8U949 5U8U576 518U4U5 528U235 538UU66 5479899 5579733 5679568 57794U5 5879243 59

79U82 6U78922 6178764 62786U7 63784Sl 6478296 6578142 667799U 6777839 6877689 69

25UU8925U27325U45725U64U25U8242S1UU76t51191

25137425155725174U

2519232S21U6252289252471252654252836253Ul92532U1253383253565

2537472539292541 lU25429225447325465425483525SU16255197255378

2555582557392∫ 5919256U992562792564582566382568172569962571 75

257354257533257911257889258U672582462584232586UU258777258954

2591312593U825948425966U25983526UUl126U18626U36126U53626U71U

26U885261U582612322614U5261578261751261923262U96262267262439

-UUUU2UUl53UU3U6UU459UU611UU763UU913U1U64U1213Ul362

91559911389U7219U3U6898958948689U81886788827887882

PsychrUmetrics 1.7

TabIe3 ThermodynamicProperueSof、 vateratSaturation(CU乃 εrJ砳伭〞)

Spec:Π cVUIume,m3/kg,. SpeciΠ eEnthaIpy,kJ/kgv SpecifIcEntropy,kⅣ (kg,,.K)Temp” AbsollIte。C Pressuret P,I,kPa

Evap. Sat.、rapor sat.SoIid

曦 /嘔叮朽/r.r

Evap. Sat.Vapor乃.↙媥方ε

Sat.SoIid EvaP.

廾/七Lr 蜘 Jrg

Sat.Sold

圴/9r

Sat.、/日 por

恉

鯽

叮t

312UU6 UUU1U2332575U UUUlU2334UUUl UUUlU24354775 UUUlU2537UU88 UUUlU25385954 UUUlU264U2389 UUU1U264194U9 UUUlU27437U31 UUUlU28455271 UUU1U28

474147 UUU1U29493676 UUUlU3U51387∫ UUUlU3U534762 UUUlU315∫ 6355 UUUlU32578675 UUUlU326Ul738 UUU1U33625565 UUUlU3465Ul74 UUU1U35675587 UUU1U3∫

7Ul824 UUU︳ U367289U4 UUUlU37756849 UUU1U37785681 UUUlU3881542U UUUlU39846U89 UUUlU4U8777lI UUU1U4U91U3U8 UUU1U4I9439U2 UUU1U42978518 UUU1U43

lUl418U UUUlU43lU5U91U UUUlU44lU88735 UUUlU45l127678 UUUlU46l167765 UUU1U4712U9U21 UUUlU471251472 UUU1U481295145 UUUlU49134UU65 UUUlU5U1386261 UUUlU51

143376U UUU1U62︳482588 UUUlU521532775 UUU1U531584348 UUUlU541637337 UUU1U55169177U UUUIU561747678 UUUlU5718U5U9U UUUlU581864U36 UUUlU591924547 UUU1U59

1986654 UUUlU6U2115782 UUU1U62225 1676 UUUlU642394597 UUU1U662544813 UUU1U6827U2596 UUUlU7U2868226 UUUlU723U41989 UUU︳ U743224175 UUU1U763415U81 UUUlU78

3615U1U UUUlU8U3824271 UUU1U824U43178 UUUlU844292U53 UUU1U86451 I22U UUUlU88476IUl4 UUUlU915U21771 UUUlU935293834 UUU1U955577555 UUU1U975873287 UUUl︳ UU

6181392 UUUllU2

5U397 293U2484U2 2972146498 3Ul4U44681 3U55942947 3U97841291 31397397U9 318 1738198 3223636754 3265635373 33U75

34U53 334953279U 3391531582 343343U426 3475429319 3517428259 3559527244 36Ul526272 3643525341 3685624448 37276

23591 3769722771 381 1821983 3853821228 389592U5U2 39381198U6 398U219138 4U22318497 4U6451788U 41U66︳7288 41488

16719 419 1U16171 4233215645 427541514U 4317ㄛ14653 4359914I85 44U2113734 44444133Ul 4486912883 4629UI2481 457 13

︳2U94 461 3ε

l ︳721 4656Ul 1362 469831IUl5 474U71U681 47831lU359 48255lUU49 4868UU975U 491 U4U9461 49529U9182 49953

U8913 5U378U84U3 51229U7927 52U8UU7483 52932U7U68 53785U6681 54639U6318 55493U5979 56349U∫662 572U5U5364 58U62

U5U85 5892UU4823 59779U4577 6U639U4346 615UUU4129 62362U3925 63225U3733 64U89U3552 64955U3381 65821U322U 66689

U3U68 67557

2333U8 26261U233U6U 262781232811 262951232562 2631212323 13 263291232U63 26346U231813 263629231562 26379823I3 11 26396δ231U59 2641 34

23U8U7 2643Ul23U554 26446823U3U1 26463523UU47 2648Ul229793 264967229538 265133229283 265298229U27 26546222877U 2656262285 14 2δ 579U

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MEBS6006 Environmental Services I - ibse.hk

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