Measuring Two-Dimensional Surface Velocity Distribution using Two RiverSondes Ralph T Cheng
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Measuring Two-Dimensional Surface Velocity Distribution
using Two RiverSondes
Ralph T ChengCODAR OS and U. S. Geological Survey
Jon R. Burau and James DeRoseU. S. Geological Survey
Donald E. Barrick, Calvin C. Teague and Peter M. Lilleboe
CODAR Ocean Sensors
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OutlineRadar Technology for Surface Velocity
RiverSonde System
Multi-Dimensional Channel Flows
Two-RiverSonde for Two-Dimensional Surface Velocity DistributionProof-of-the-Concept Experiments Threemile Slough Sacramento River at Georgiana Slough, CADiscussion of Results
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RiverSonde System• UHF radar: 0.7-m radar wavelength (435 MHz)
• 3-yagi antenna system on bank
• Bragg scatter from 0.35-m wavelength water waves
• Doppler shift gives radial velocity, water phase velocity known from their wavelength
• Time delay (time-gating) gives distance
• MUSIC direction finding gives direction
• Estimate along-channel flow from radial velocity
• Straight channel: assume flow parallel to banks
• Complex geometry: calculate total vectors using 2 RiverSondes
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Typical
RiverSonde
Deployment
River Mean Flow
Radar
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Example of Radial Vectors
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Sacramento River near Walnut Grove, CADelta Cross-Channel, Georgiana Slough
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Concept of Two RiverSondesfor Two-Dimensional Surface
Velocity DistributionRadar line of sight
RiverSonde A
RiverSonde B
O
B
A
C
River Bank
OA = Radial Velocity A
OB = Radial Velocity B
OC = Total Velocity
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Continuing Development of RiverSonde at Three Mile Slough
San Francisco Bay-Delta(Cooperation with California District)
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Threemile Slough, California•Straight channel between Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers in California Delta•Tidally-dominated flow•In operation for several years with a single RiverSonde•One day proof-of-the-concept experiment (21 February 2007) with 2 RiverSondes•Antenna interference?•Antenna patterns measured in field
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RiverSondes at Threemile Slough
North South
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Velocity Time-series at TMS
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Threemile Slough High Velocity
02/2119:30 GMT
02/2200:30 GMT
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Threemile Slough, just Before Slack
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Threemile Slough, just After Slack
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BASIC FINDINGS:• Two-RiverSonde operating in close proximity
does not have interference issues
• Total vectors are generated with same software used in SeaSonde for ocean currents
• 5- or 10-m grid spacing
• Manual masking of river banks
• Observed complex flow pattern during tidal reversal
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Proof-of-the-Concept II: April 23-25, 2007Sacramento River at Georgiana Slough, CA
• Tidally-influenced flow• Flow patterns affect fish migration• 2 RiverSondes
• 1.5 days with units on same bank
• 0.5 day with units on opposite banks
• Antenna patterns measured with a transponder on a boat
• USGS measurements• Boat-mounted ADCP transects every 30 min for 12 hours
• Four Flow Stations in the region
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Two-RiverSonde Experiment for 2D Velocity Mapping
Proof-of-the-concept atGeorgiana Slough
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View From Levee Site
Georgiana Slough
Sacramento RiverDWRG
LVEG
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Data Coverage
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Preliminary Results: Same Bank
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Preliminary Results: Opposite Bank
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Slack or reversal: Case 1
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Slack or Reversal: Case 2
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ADCP, USGS 2-RiverSonde, CODAR
Preliminary Results: April 24, 2007 13:06
ADCP, USGS
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Numerical Hydrodynamic Model
B.C. specified
B.C. specified
B.C. specified
Model results compared
Model results compared
DCC Closed
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Implementing a Detailed Numerical Model
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Implementing a Detailed Numerical Model
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•2-RiverSonde operation works well• Both units on same bank or on opposite bank
•Total vectors generated with same software used with SeaSonde for ocean currents
•Unfortunately ADCP transects did not overlap with the complex flow patterns observed by 2-RiverSonde
•Mistakes in the current experiment lead to a better design of the next experiment
•Further experiment and Comparisons with in-situ data and numerical model underway
Preliminary Conclusion
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