Measuring School Readiness :
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Transcript of Measuring School Readiness :
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Measuring School Readiness:
The Early Development Instrument
Washington, DC, 17 February 2005
Magdalena Janus, Ph.D.
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Early years matter:They set the stage for further development
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Continuation of differences
Kindergarten Age 10 Age 15Kindergarten Age 10 Age 15
Hypothetical growth trajectories
Simple continuation of differences Increasing differences
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Target for interventions
Kindergarten Age 10 Age 15Kindergarten Age 10 Age 15
Hypothetical growth trajectories
School-based interventions Desired results
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Target for interventions
Kindergarten Age 10 Age 15Kindergarten Age 10 Age 15
Hypothetical growth trajectories
School-based interventions Frequently-achieved results
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Target for interventions
Kindergarten Age 10 Age 15Kindergarten Age 10 Age 15
Hypothetical growth trajectories
Pre-school-based interventions Desired results
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Readiness to learn concept
Children are born ready to learn:
the neurosystem is pre-programmed to develop various skills and neuropathways, depending on the experience it receives.
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All children are born ready to learn
Early development: speed, plasticity, non-linearity, vulnerability
Children are active participants Interplay between genes and environment Importance of early interaction and
stimulation
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Readiness for schoolRefers to the child’s ability to meet the task demands of
school, such as:being comfortable exploring and asking questions, listening to the teacher,playing and working with other children,remembering and following rules.In short, it is the ability to benefit from the educational
activities that are provided by the school.
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Domains of school readiness
Physical health and well-being Social competence Emotional maturity Language and cognitive development Communication skills and general
knowledge
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Early Development Instrument (EDI)
Teacher-completed 104 questions grouped into the five
domains Indicators of special problems and special
skills Up to 10 questions about the child’s pre-
school experience
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Purposes of the EDI
Report on populations of children in different communities
Monitor populations of children over time
Predict how children will do in elementary school
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Physical Health and Well-being
SUBSCALES
Physical readiness for school day Physical independence Gross and fine motor skills
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Social Competence
SUBSCALES
Overall social competence Responsibility and respect Approaches to learning Readiness to explore new things
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Emotional Maturity
SUBSCALES
Pro-social behaviour and helping behaviour
Anxious and fearful behaviour Aggressive behaviour Hyperactivity and inattention
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Language and Cognitive Development
SUBSCALES
Basic literacy Interest in literacy/numeracy and
memory Advanced literacy Basic numeracy
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Communication Skills and General Knowledge
(No subscales)Ability to clearly communicate one’s own
needs and understand others Clear articulation Active participation in story-telling (not
necessarily with good grammar and syntax) Interest in general knowledge about the
world
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Concept of health Population level indicator Usefulness
Can school readiness serve as an indicator of children’s health in a
community?
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Population-level indicator Data collected from the whole
population, or a representative sample
Method relevant to the issue(s) in question
Feasibility and ease of use (timing, respondents)
Suitable for policy recommendations
YES
YES
YES
YES
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Some Canadian data on the EDI Children who score low in one or more
of the five domains of the EDI “Low” - in the lowest 10 percent of the
population within their site Specific for domain Specific for site Norms available for comparison
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Readiness to Learn at School by Family Income (N=1799)
05
10152025303540
very poor poor not poor well-off
% not ready
Source: NLSCY/UEY 1999/2000; EDI 1999/2000
32.828.9
23.3
17.3
%
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Number of children “Not ready”
0
50
100
150
200
very poor poor not poor well-off
N of children
Source: NLSCY/UEY 1999/2000; EDI 1999/2000
104
5945
194
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School readiness and Grade 3 by neighbourhood affluence
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Lowest20%
21-40% 41-60% 61-80% Above80%
Neighbourhood Affluence
Per
cent
Mean % vulnerable in kgtn
Reading
Writing
Math
% below standard in Grade 3 in:
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School readiness and neighbourhood affluence
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Lowest25%
25-50% 51-75% Over75%
Neighbourhood Affluence
Community 1Community 2
%% vulnerable in kindergarten
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Contribution of EDI and SES to Grade 3 scores
Neighbourhood level
EDI SES variablesReading 8%* 10%*
Writing 7%* 8%*
Math 5% 12%*
Source: Janus, Harren, Duku 2004 * p<.05
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EDI and breastfeeding: neighbourhood 21 Neighbourhoods in a Southern Ontario
community Data: % Low Birth Weights; % mothers
breastfeeding at discharge from hospital; % Low on the EDI
Correlations: % Low EDI with % breastfeeding: -0.60% Low BW with % breastfeeding: -0.54
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EDI and birth weights - individual Birth weight: Low and Normal Timing of birth: Early and Normal Normal BW, Normal TB least likely to
have low EDI scores Low BW, Early TB and Low BW, Normal
TB most likely to have lowest scores
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Can the EDI be adapted? Used in three other countries with minimal
changes Subscale identification allows for valid
shortening Some room for adjusting items to ensure
relevance to local context
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Steps leading to the brief EDI Selection of 3 items per subscales: 3 with
highest loadings in the normative sample Reliability of thus shortened scales in
comparison with original EDI Used the same 3 items for checking
“short/long” reliability with Australian and US samples
Further reliability testing
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Tasks required Testing short form (can be done as a pilot
work) Local expert validation of the items
selected for short EDI - local educators, academics
Confirmatory factor analyses
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Summary of short EDI reliability/validity
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Reliability results - 1 Operational definition of “not ready”:
within lowest 10th percentile on 1 or more scales
Overlap of populations scoring as ready or not ready:
Ready: 92.9% (89.4% if 2 items) Not ready: 92.3% (93.7% if 2 items)
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Reliability results - 2 More stringent operational definition of
“not ready”: within lowest 10th percentile on 2 or more scales
Overlap of populations scoring as ready or not ready:
Ready: 88.6% (89.0% if 2 items) Not ready: 97.3% (96.0% if 2 items)
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Reliability results - 3 Multiple Challenge Index: a child scoring
below a specified level on at least 9 of 16 subscales (based on the original EDI)
100% of children with MCI fall in the lowest 10th percentile on 1 or more scales
98.9% of children with MCI fall in the lowest 10th percentile on 2 or more scales
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Validity results - 4 Association with other testsCorrelations with PPVT:
EDI short EDILang-Cognitive .344 .311Communication .477 .418
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Validity results - 5
Physical Health and Well-being 0.54 0.53with FS Motor score
Social Competence 0.65 0.62 Emotional Maturity 0.73 0.70
with FS Socio-emotional score Language and Cognitive Development 0.58 0.56 Communication Skills and General 0.52 0.53Knowledge
with FS Cognitive score
EDI Short EDI
N=68-94, all p<0.001
Correlations with First Steps assessment: