Measuring Matter. Key Idea #5 Appropriate tools and measurements are used for describing the size of...
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Transcript of Measuring Matter. Key Idea #5 Appropriate tools and measurements are used for describing the size of...
Measuring Matter
Key Idea #5Appropriate tools and measurements are used for describing the size of an object or the amount of a substance.
A Meter Stick/Metric Ruler is used to measure the distance between two points in
– Millimeters (.001 of a meter)– Centimeters (.01 of a meter)– Meters– Kilometers (1000 meters)
volume of a regular shaped object (length x width x height) in– cubic meters (m³)– cubic centimeters (cm³)
The photograph below shows the end of a meter stick at the 90 cm mark.
One meter = 100 centimeters (100 cm). One centimeter = 10 millimeters (10 mm). One meter = 1000 millimeters (1000 mm).
faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu
Metric Conversion: See Packet Page 3
Metric conversions are done by moving the decimal point.
Example: 1cm = 10 mm – When converting centimeters to millimeters, the
decimal point is moved to the right one time (multiply by 10).
Example: 1 mm = .1 cm. – When converting from millimeters to centimeters the
decimal point is moved to the left one time (divide by 10).
History of Measurement
Measuring with Body Parts Digit – Width of finger Span – Pinky to thumb tip (hand spread out) Cubit – Elbow to the tip of the middle finger Hand – Width of the palm including the
thumb when it is closed against the palm.
Fathom – Finger tip to finger tip with outstretched arms
Pace – A full stride; from the position of the heel when you lift it to the position of the
same heel when you set it down.
The History of the Metric System
FYI: Meters, grams, and liters are called base units and form the basis for larger or smaller units. These units are named using prefixes: see p. 2
• Kilometer = 1000 meters• Decimeter = 1/10th of a meter (0.1)• Centimeter = 1/100th of a meter (0.01)• Millimeter = 1/1,000th of a meter (0.001)
• Kiloliter = 1000 liters• Deciliter = 1/10th of a liter (0.1)• Centiliter = 1/100th of a liter (0.01)• Milliliter = 1/1,000th of a liter (0.001)
• Kilogram = 1000 grams• Decigram = 1/10th of a gram (0.1)• Centigram = 1/100th of a gram (0.01)• Milligram = 1/1,000th of a gram (0.001)
faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu
FYI: The table below shows the standard unit of length, weight, volume, and temperature in the metric system and the English equivalent.
Metric English
Length meter 39.37 inches
Weight gram 0.03527 ounces
Volume liter 1.0567 quarts
Temperature degree (Celcius) 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit
faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu
Review: A beaker is a wide, cylindrical
container with a pouring lip.
used for holding and mixing liquids.
not used for exact measurements.
chem.ucla.edu
Review: A graduated cylinder is a thin, cylindrical
container with a pouring lip.
used to measure the exact volume of a liquid in milliliters.
used to measure the volume of irregularly shaped objects.
mirax.hostingcenter.co.kr
Review: A triple beam balance
is used to measure the mass of an object.– mass is how much matter or “stuff” is in the object – mass is constant wherever the object is
measures the mass of objects in: – milligrams (mg)– grams (g)
physics.smu.edu
Mass is
a measure of how much matter/stuff is in an object.
measured using a balance.
A scale is used to measure weight
(the pull of earth’s gravity).– weight changes if the force of
gravity on it changes
measures weight in: – pounds (lb) – ounce (oz) – kilograms (kg)– grams (g)
dailymail.co.uk
pondsolutions.com
Mass vs Weight: What’s the difference?
Mass vs Weight
Mass stays the same wherever the object is.
The amount of matter in you doesn’t change.
Your mass is the same on Earth as it is on the moon.
http://picses.eu/keyword/mass%20and%20weight/
Mass and weight are not the same thing.
If the force of gravity increases, then the weight of the object increases.
If the force of gravity decreases, then the weight of the object decreases.
dogfoose.wordpress.com
Your weight on the moon is 1/6 of your weight on Earth because the force of gravity on the moon is 1/6 of what it is on Earth.
Key Idea #6Objects can be compared in terms of mass, volume, and density.
What is the mass reading on the
balance?
mrsdlovesscience.com
The mass is 62.4 grams.
mrsdlovesscience.com
What’s Your Mass?Measurement Activity
Marvelous Mass Measurement Lab Problem/Question:
– Given four metal bars with the same volume, which bar will have the most mass – copper, aluminum, brass, or steel?
Research/Prior Knowledge:– What is the definition of mass?– What is the definition of volume?– What is each type of metal bar used for?
Hypothesis (Your guess):– The __________ metal bar will have the most mass
because __________________________________.
Materials 4 Metal bars of the same volume: copper,
aluminum, brass, and steel Triple Beam Balance Calculator Pencil (no pens) Graph paper Ruler Colored Pencils
Procedure: What will you do to conduct
this experiment? Step 1: Gather all materials
Step 2: Make sure the balance is zeroed out.
Step 3: Measure the mass of each metal bar to the nearest tenth of a gram and record it. Repeat two more times.
Step 4: Add the 3 trials for each bar and divide by 3 to determine the average (mean).
Create a Bar Graph: See page 158 in your book
Heading: upper right corner Title: Mass of Metal Bars Draw your X and Y axis. X-axis: Type of Metal Bars
– Record the names of each metal bar below the X-axis, evenly spaced, in the following order:
• Copper, aluminum, brass, steel Y-axis: Mass in Grams
– Create a scale starting with zero and using increments of 2. Create your bars
– For each category draw a solid bar using the scale on the y –
axis to determine the appropriate height. – Make all bars the same width and leave equal spaces between
them.
– Shade in your bars with different colors.
Analyze the data in your table and answer the following questions. 1. Using the average mass, rank the four metal bars
from least to greatest mass.
2. List any sources of error during your investigation that might have affected your results.
3. When analyzing data to see if your hypothesis is correct, would it be better to look at individual data or the average mass of each type of bar?
4. Explain your answer to question #3.
Conclusion: On a separate sheet of paper write a paragraph that includes the following information. Use complete sentences and proper punctuation.
The purpose of the experiment was………
According to my hypothesis I thought the _______ bar would have the most mass. According to the data my hypothesis was (pick one) right or wrong because……
Major findings: …… I got the results I did because ……
To measure rectangular/square objects: – Multiply: Length x
Width x Height • Tools used: meter
stick, metric ruler• unit x unit x unit =
unit³ = cm³ or m³
Volume
Object Length in cm
Width in cm
Height in cm
Volume in cm3
Balance box
Silver box
pH box
Science book
Metal bar
Object Length in cm
Width
in cm
Height in cm
Volume in cm3
Balance box
34.5 cm
34.5 cm
13.0 cm
12.5 cm
13.0 cm
12.5 cm
5830.5 cm3
5281.3 cm3
Silver box 14.6 cm 5.1 cm 2.7 cm 201 cm3
pH box 25.3 cm 6.8 cm 4.8 cm 825.79 cm3
Science book
28.3 cm 22.2 cm 1.0 cm 628.26 cm3
Metal bar 5 cm 1.2 cm 1.2 cm 7.2 cm3
To measure irregular-shaped objects– Measure the amount of
water displacement in milliliters-mL-and convert to cubic centimeters -cm³. • Liter, milliliter• 1mL = 1cm³• Tools used: graduated
cylinder, beaker, overflow cup
Volume
What is the volume of the liquid? To measure the volume you
record the liquid at it’s lowest point. – Note that the liquid has a
curved surface called a meniscus.
– Measure the meniscus at its lowest point.
A graduated cylinder is marked in milliliter divisions.
NOTE:– On this graduated cylinder
each mark represents two tenths of a milliliter (0.2).
aai.org
The volume of the liquid is:
aai.org
6.6 ml
Volume of Irregular ObjectsDraw the following table on the bottom of your Volume Activity handout:
Object Liquid Volume in milliliters (mL)
Volume of a solid irregular object in cubic centimeters
(cm³)
Density: The amount of mass of a substance in a given space. Relates the volume and mass of an object or substance. Density equals mass divided by volume To calculate density use the formula:
D = M / V Density = Mass / Volume Density of Liquids
– D(g/mL) = M(g) / V(mL)• g/mL = grams per milliliter
Density of solids– D(g/cm³) = M(g) / V(cm³)
• g/cm³ = grams per cubic centimeter
More dense stuff sinks under less dense stuff.
Density of water: – 1 g/mL or 1 g/cm³
Density of oil: – .96 g/mL or .96 g/cm³
Since oil is less dense than water, it floats on water.
Unknown Bar
Mass Length in cm
Width in cm
Height in cm
Volume in cm3
Density
g/cm3
19.4 g 5 cm 1.2 cm 1.2 cm
56.16 g 5 cm 1.2 cm 1.2 cm
60.48 g 5 cm 1.2 cm 1.2 cm
64.5 g 5 cm 1.2 cm 1.2 cm
Density of Metal Bars
Unknown Bar
Mass Length in cm
Width in cm
Height in cm
Volume in cm3
Density
g/cm3
Aluminum 19.4 g 5 cm 1.2 cm 1.2 cm 7.2 cm3 2.7 g/cm3
Steel 56.16 g 5 cm 1.2 cm 1.2 cm 7.2 cm3 7.8 g/cm3
Brass 60.48 g 5 cm 1.2 cm 1.2 cm 7.2 cm3 8.4 g/cm3
Copper 64.5 g 5 cm 1.2 cm 1.2 cm 7.2 cm3 8.96 g/cm3
Density of Metal Bars
Measurement Quiz Review
The measure of how much matter an object contains.
Mass
A measure of the force of gravity on an object.
Weight
Anything that has mass and takes up space.
Matter
Relates the mass and volume of an object or material.
Density
The amount of space matter occupies.
Volume
A single pan balance with 3 beams calibrated in grams. Used to measure the mass of an object.
Triple Beam Balance
A wide, cylindrical glass container with a pouring lip, used for holding and mixing liquids in laboratories. Not used for exact measurements.
Beaker
A thin, cylindrical container that is scaled, usually in milliliters. Used in a laboratory to measure and pour exact amounts of a liquid.
Graduated Cylinder
What is the measurement on the balance?
regentsprep.org
What is the measurement on the balance? 373.4 grams
regentsprep.org
What is the volume of the liquid:
aai.org
The volume of the liquid is:
aai.org
6.6 ml
What is the equation for density?
D=M/VOr
Density equals mass divided by volume.
What is the equation for calculating the volume of a rectangular object?
Volume = Length x Width x Height
Or
V = L x W x H
What is the length of the screw in centimeters?
5.1 centimeters
How many centimeters are in one meter?
100 centimeters
What is the volume of the object in the graduated cylinder?
In the first graduated cylinder the volume of the water is 20 mL.
In the second graduated cylinder a rock was added and the water level rose to 23 mL.
What is the volume of the object in the graduated cylinder?
23 mL – 20 mL = 3 mL
3mL = 3 cm3
What is the volume of the box?
37.5 cm3
What is the density of the box?
2 g/cm3
75 grams