Measuring and Recording Blood Pressure Health Science Technology Nursing Mrs. J. Hodge, RN.
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Transcript of Measuring and Recording Blood Pressure Health Science Technology Nursing Mrs. J. Hodge, RN.
![Page 1: Measuring and Recording Blood Pressure Health Science Technology Nursing Mrs. J. Hodge, RN.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042702/56649f585503460f94c7d1ac/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Measuring and Recording Blood Pressure
Health Science Technology
Nursing
Mrs. J. Hodge, RN
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Blood Pressure-BP
• Measurement of pressure that the blood exerts on the artery walls during the various stages of heart activity.
• Measured in mmHg on instrument called a sphygmomanometer. (blood pressure cuff)
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Two types of BP
• Systolic-top#-first beat heard
• Diastolic-bottom #-last beats
heard
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Systolic Pressure
• Systolic pressure occurs in artery walls when the L ventricle of the heart is contracting and pushing blood into the arteries.
• Normal systolic reading is 120 mmHg
• Normal range is 100-140 mmHg
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Diastolic Blood Pressure
• Diastolic pressure-constant pressure in artery walls when L ventricle of heart is at rest or between contractions.
• Volume of blood in arteries has decreased.
• Normal reading: 80mm/Hg
• Normal range: 60-90 mm/Hg
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Pulse Pressure
• Difference between systolic and diastolic pressure
• Normal range in adults is 30 to 50 mm/Hg.
• Example: Systolic pressure is 120 mm/Hg and diastolic pressure is 80 mm/Hg, the pulse pressure is 40 mm/Hg. (120-80=40)
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HYPERTENSION
• High blood pressure
• When pressures are greater than
140 mm/Hg systolic and 90mm/Hg
diastolic
Common Causes: stress, anxiety, kidney disease, aging, high-salt intake, thyroid deficiency, and vascular conditions.
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HYPOTENSION
• Low blood pressure when pressures are less than 100 mm/Hg systolic and
60 mm/Hg diastolic.
Common Causes: heart failure, hemorrhage, dehydration, depression, severe burns.
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Orthostatic Hypotension
• Postural hypotension-occurs when there is a sudden drop in both systolic and diastolic pressure.
• This occurs when the individual moves from a lying to a sitting or standing position.
• Caused by inability of blood vessels to compensate quickly to the change in position.
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Various Factors Influences BP Readings
• Force of heartbeat
• Resistance of the arterial system
• Elasticity of the arteries
• Volume of the blood in arteries
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Various Factors CausingIncreased BP
1. excitement, anxiety, nervous tension
2. Exercise and eating
3. smoking
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Various Factors Causing Decreased BP
• Rest or sleep
• Depressant drugs
• Shock
• Excessive loss of blood
• Fasting
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Factor that may cause changes
• Lying down
• Sitting position
• Standing position
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Recording BP
• Record as a fraction.
• Systolic is the top number
• Diastolic is the bottom number
• 120/80
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Two main types of sphygmomanometers
• Mercury sphygmomanometer-has long column of mercury
• Each mark represents 2 mmHg.
• Aneroid has round gauge
• Cuff deflated=zero for accuracy
• *Electronic types used in healthcare facilities.
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Recommendations
• AHA-American Heart Assn. recommends pt. sit quietly for @ least 5 min. before taking BP.
• AHA recommends that two readings be taken, averaged, with a minimum wait of 30 seconds between readings.
• Pt. seated or lying comfortably with forearm supported on flat surface.
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Procedure
• Cuff appropriate size for pt.
• Arm free of restrictive clothing
• Deflated cuff should be placed on arm with center of cuff directly over the brachial artery.
• Lower edge of cuff should be 1-1 ½ inches above the bend of the elbow.
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Rest of the procedure
• Final point-accuracy in placing stethoscope bell or diaphragm directly over the brachial artery at the antecubital area (bend in the elbow).
• Hold securely but with slight pressure.
• NEVER DISCUSS ANY READING OR VS READING WITH A PT/RESIDENT!
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Do not use
• Arm with IV
• Arm with paralysis
• Arm on the side of a Mastectomy