Measuring Aesthetic Value

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An Overview of Various Methods Used to Fairly andObjectively Evaluate Visual Impact



y Paper Entitled Valuation of Ecosystem Services of Rangeland Resourcesy http://sustainable.rangeland.org/

y BLM VRM Manual 8410y A paper entitled A Method for the Quantification of

Aesthetic Values for Environmental Decision Makingy Jones, Burnham, and Geitner; Nuclear Technology

(Journal) April 1975 p. 682y Landscape Aesthetics: A Handbook for Scenery

Management (AH 701)



y A good or service flowing from an ecosystem that is of value to humans and occurs naturally y E=r(N)

y

Service=function or process x (sum of the structures)y e.g. Instream flow = r x (precipitation, terrain, soils,

aquifers, biota)

y Economic Value to Humansy

Scarcey Provide Utility



y Market: prices, charges

y Production Function Approachesy Shadow price of unpriced natural capital in

firms/ranches production functiony Replacement Cost/Cost Saving

y Built alternatives that may be more costly thanprotecting natural capital

y Non-Market Pricing



y Clean Water via Treatment or Clean Water

y Cultivated Plants Vs Wild Plants

y Pasture Feedlot Livestock Vs Range Livestock

y Domesticated Elk Vs Wild Elk



y Recreational Use Value

y Shifts In Demand Curve w/Improved EcosystemServices

y Residential Amenity Valuesy Survey of the Public Regarding Will to Pay Higher

Taxes/Fees/Utility Bills to Maintain or ImproveEcosystem



y Visual Charactery form, line, color, texture, scale, spatial quality,

descriptive regional inventory and definition of landscape units

y Visual Quality y aesthetic quality; imageability; edge quality; scenic

distinction

y Exposurey

Duration, distance, observer positiony Sensitivity

y Preferences; predictive modeling



y VQ=1/3(I + V + U)y VQ = Visual Quality

y I = Intactness (distinctiveness)

y

V = Vividness (integrity)y U = Unity (compositional harmony of the viewscape)

y R=(VQa VQb)/VQb or the ratio of change

y Visual Impact (VI) = Number of Person Views per Year

(P) x Ratio of Change (R)



y Common Terminology

y Consistent procedures for inventory, analysis, andsynthesis

y Standards and guidelines for scenery managementy Techniques for monitoring

y Take into account:y Landscape Character

y Visual Sensitivity y Scenic Integrity



y Class A Distinctive

y Class B Typical

y Class C - Indistinctive



y Context of the Viewery Immediate foreground (0-300)

y Foreground (300 ½ mile)

y

Middleground (1/2 mile 4 miles)y Background (4 miles horizon)

y Duration of View

y Degree of Discernable Detail

y Seasonal Variationsy Number of Viewers



y Something community must decide as a whole

y Not everyone will be happy

y Even though tough to let go of emotions

y Fair and objectivey Reflect all values

y Be Consistent



Clifton: Building a Stable Community

Measuring Aesthetic Value

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