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The Measures for Justice MethodologyD E V E L O P E D B Y T H E R E S E A R C H A N D I N N O VA T I O N D E PA R T M E N T S

A T M E A S U R E S F O R J U S T I C E

MEASUR ES FOR JUSTICE STAFF

C H I E F E X E C U T I V E O F F I C E R

Amy Bach

C H I E F O F S T R AT E G Y A N D O P E R AT I O N S

Samantha J. Silver

D I R E C T O R O F C O M M U N I C AT I O N S

Fiona Maazel

D I R E C T O R O F P R O D U C T

Andrew Branch

D I R E C T O R O F T E C H N O L O G Y

David Kilmer

D I R E C T O R O F R E S E A R C H M A N AG E M E N T

Robert Hutchison

D I R E C T O R O F R E S E A R C H O P E R AT I O N S

Sema Taheri

D I R E C T O R O F I N N OVAT I O N

Gipsy Escobar

D I R E C T O R O F N AT I O N A L E N G AG E M E N T A N D F I E L D

O P E R AT I O N S

Mikaela Rabinowitz

D I R E C T O R O F P E O P L E O P E R AT I O N S

Jill Wesley

S E N I O R DAT A S C I E N T I S T

Mason DeLang

R E S E A R C H F E L L OW

Hillary Livingston

S E N I O R R E S E A R C H A S S O C I AT E

Raelynn Walker

R E S E A R C H A S S O C I AT E

Alexandra AcklesMauricio AlvarezNathan LeMahieuTrevariana MasonDominic Testino

Ian Thomas

L E G A L R E S E A R C H A S S O C I AT E

Nathan Hawke

L E G A L R E S E A R C H A S S I S T A N T

Asma Mohammadi

DAT A Q UA L I T Y A N A LY S T

David Markallo

L E A D S O F T WA R E D E V E L O P E R

Stephen Byrne

S E N I O R S O F T WA R E D E V E L O P E R

Will Boyd Ben Smith

S E N I O R W E B D E V E L O P E R

Josh Kramer

S E N I O R S E C U R I T Y A N D S I T E R E L I A B I L I T Y E N G I N E E R

Charles Teese

S O F T WA R E D E V E L O P E R

Stephanie Cruz

W E B D E V E L O P E R

Oliver Haynes

U X / U I D E S I G N E R

Carly Simmons

M AC S Y S T E M S A D M I N I S T R AT O R

Scott Gary

A S S I S T A N T D I R E C T O R O F DAT A O U T R E AC H

Jennie BrooksLauren McQueen Pearce

DAT A O U T R E AC H M A N AG E R

Shelby DavisAmanda Valtierra

H R / O F F I C E M A N AG E R , E X E C . A S S I S T A N T

Lori Szalay

Table of ContentsAbout Measures for Justice ........................................................................................................................................ 1

Methodology ............................................................................................................................................................... 2

1. Conceptual Development ........................................................................................................................................ 2

2. Data Collection and Storage ................................................................................................................................... 4

3. Data Management ................................................................................................................................................... 6

3.1. Protecting Privacy .......................................................................................................................................... 6

3.2. Defining “Case” ............................................................................................................................................. 7

3.3. Criteria Used to Identify the Driving Characteristics of a Case .................................................................... 7

3.3.1. Top Booking, Referral, Filing, and Conviction Charge Variables ....................................................... 8

3.3.2 Additional Charging Characteristics .................................................................................................... 9

3.3.3. Case Location ..................................................................................................................................... 11

3.3.4. Defendant Characteristics .................................................................................................................. 12

3.3.5 Victim Characteristics ......................................................................................................................... 13

3.3.6 Defense Counsel .................................................................................................................................. 13

3.3.7 Pretrial Release .................................................................................................................................... 14

3.3.8 Case Events.......................................................................................................................................... 15

3.3.9. Case Processing .................................................................................................................................. 19

3.3.10. Case Disposition ............................................................................................................................... 20

3.3.11. Sentence ............................................................................................................................................ 22

3.3.12. Post-Sentencing ................................................................................................................................ 26

3.4 Coding Cases as “Not Applicable” ............................................................................................................... 26

4. Data Quality Control ............................................................................................................................................ 28

4.1. Assessing Raw Data ..................................................................................................................................... 28

4.2. Internal Audits .............................................................................................................................................. 28

4.3. External Audits ............................................................................................................................................. 29

4.4. Stakeholder Validation ................................................................................................................................. 29

5. Measure Calculation ............................................................................................................................................. 31

5.1. The Measures ................................................................................................................................................ 32

5.2. Filters ............................................................................................................................................................ 47

5.3. Disparities ..................................................................................................................................................... 47

5.3.1. Statistical Significance........................................................................................................................ 48

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5.3.2. Substantive Significance .................................................................................................................... 49

5.3.3. Precision in the Estimation of Disparities .......................................................................................... 49

5.4. Outliers ......................................................................................................................................................... 49

5.4.1. Minor Outliers .................................................................................................................................... 50

5.4.2. Major Outliers .................................................................................................................................... 50

5.5. Publication and Suppression Rules .............................................................................................................. 50

5.5.1. Portal Warnings .................................................................................................................................. 51

5.6. Context .......................................................................................................................................................... 51

5.3.1. Contextual Measures .......................................................................................................................... 52

5.3.2. Legal Context ..................................................................................................................................... 57

6. Measure Visualization .......................................................................................................................................... 58

6.1. Data Views .................................................................................................................................................... 58

6.2. Heat Maps ..................................................................................................................................................... 58

6.3. Bar Graphs .................................................................................................................................................... 58

Appendix A. Research Advisory Councils .............................................................................................................. 59

Data Council ........................................................................................................................................................ 59

Methods and Measurement Council ................................................................................................................... 59

Benchmarking Council ....................................................................................................................................... 60

Appendix B. Data Elements Collected (by Agency) ................................................................................................ 61

Trial Courts (criminal cases only): ...................................................................................................................... 61

Prosecutor’s Office: ............................................................................................................................................. 62

Public Defender’s Office: .................................................................................................................................... 62

Sheriff’s Office - Jail: .......................................................................................................................................... 62

Largest Law Enforcement Agency in County: ................................................................................................... 63

Department of Corrections ................................................................................................................................. 63

Adult Probation Department (or Department of Corrections, Probation Division): .......................................... 64

Appendix E. Codebook ............................................................................................................................................ 66

Appendix F. State Severities ................................................................................................................................... 136

Appendix G. BJS Offense Code Crosswalk ............................................................................................................143

Appendix H. Judicial Districts ............................................................................................................................... 183

Appendix I. Counties .............................................................................................................................................. 189

Version 2.0.0, May 2020© 2020 M EASU R ES FOR J UST ICE I NST I T U T E. A LL R IGH TS R ESERV ED.

1Version 2.0.0, May 2020© 2020 M EASU R ES FOR J UST ICE I NST I T U T E. A LL R IGH TS R ESERV ED.

About Measures for JusticeMeasures for Justice (MFJ) was founded in 2011 to develop a data-driven performance measurement system to assess and compare the criminal justice process from arrest to post-conviction on a county-by-county basis. The system comprises a set of performance measures, not all of which can be populated for every state. The measures address three broad goals:

• Enhance Public Safety

• Promote a Fair Process

• Improve Fiscal Responsibility

MFJ’s mission is to use data to transform how we measure, understand, and enhance the criminal justice system in America. To this end, MFJ has developed a web-based Data Portal that convenes all the measures and analyses and offers them free to the public. The Portal is searchable and can be configured to break down performance data across multiple factors including defendant and victim race/ethnicity, sex; indigent status, and age; defendant-victim relationship; offense type; offense severity; drug type; whether the case involved domestic abuse; and attorney type. The platform also allows for county-to-county comparison within and across states.

The Portal is designed for any user – from criminal justice stakeholders to regular people interested in how their county is performing – and, in this way, offers up a nonpartisan language that reform initiatives can deploy. MFJ’s goal is to ensure the platform becomes the go-to-resource for practitioners, legislators, and advocates – for anyone in a position to initiate and catalyze criminal justice reform.

Suggested Citation: Measures for Justice. 2020. The Measures for Justice Methodology. Version 2.0.0. Rochester, NY: Measures for Justice Research Department.

A BOUT MEASU R ES FOR J USTICE


MethodologyThe development of the Measures for Justice is an iterative process that involves six general steps: (1) conceptual development; (2) data collection and storage; (3) data management; (4) data quality control; (5) measure calculation; and (6) measure visualization. We seek input from stakeholders at every stage of the process, which sometimes leads to changes in how the measures are calculated. This document represents the most recent version of our methodology at the time of publication.

1. Conceptual Development

The conceptual development of the Measures for Justice has been a rigorous and iterative process. Developing a measurement system that can be applied nationwide began with identifying the right performance measures. The right measures need to be relevant. They must count what matters. This means they must be aligned with agreed-upon factors of success. For example, the connection between well-known health indicators (such as blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood glucose) and our health and well-being are well established and self-evident to most people. They allow us to monitor our own health and change our behavior to enhance it. In the criminal justice sector, however, normative agreement on what success means in different domains is still evolving.

To establish the domains from which data would be drawn, in June of 2011 Measures for Justice convened a panel of criminal justice practitioners, researchers, and experts in the development of performance measurement systems. The Data Council (see Appendix A), as it was known, looked at published standards and practices to understand how criminal justice leaders, advocates, and professional associations conceptualize high performance. The panel agreed that a criminal justice system functioning at the highest level should accomplish the following:

1. Promote a fair process to ensure the system preserves individual liberties by affording people due process, and by delivering basic legal services equally across demographics.

2. Be cost efficient so that local and state governments can exercise fiscal responsibility.

3. Improve public safety so that people feel safe and protected at home, in public places, and in correctional facilities.

4. Improve public trust in the criminal justice system so that decisions are generally accepted and people who have contact with it want to participate in its administration (e.g., reporting crimes to the police, cooperating with criminal investigations).

5. Ensure defendants and victims have access to justice.

6. Ensure the system works in a timely fashion.

7. Ensure the system is transparent and promotes accountability on every level.

8. Ensure that law enforcement, prosecutors, judges, and defense attorneys act in accordance with basic notions of due process and equal protection.

9. Ensure independence and accountability by enforcing the separation of powers inherent to the adversarial system.

METHODOLOGY


The panel then determined that these nine objectives, in turn, contribute to three overarching goals of the criminal justice system: Public Safety, Fair Process, and Fiscal Responsibility. With these objectives and goals in mind, the Data Council proposed a set of 50 aspirational performance measures. In 2012 MFJ attempted to populate these measures using data collected by the Bureau of Justice Statistics, but found that only a few of them could be created with their datasets, that data were generally available only for the 50 to 75 largest counties, and that some of the most recent data were still several years old. However, this exercise served as proof of concept to demonstrate a void in our knowledge and measurement of local criminal justice systems.

In 2013 MFJ embarked on a pilot project to populate the measures using court data from Wisconsin, a state known for the high quality and comprehensiveness of data in its court case management system. While working with Wisconsin’s court data, MFJ realized that few of the aspirational measures could be populated using administrative information extracted from existing case management systems. At this point, MFJ had two options: (1) conduct original data collection with a sample of counties, or (2) revise the measures so that they could be populated with the administrative data that were currently available. MFJ chose the second option for three strategic reasons: (1) original data collection is very costly and would have required the use of sampling techniques; (2) using a sample of counties would have been contrary to MFJ’s mission to measure local criminal justice everywhere in the United States; and (3) original data collection is often more burdensome on criminal justice agencies than extracting already existing data from their case management systems.

MFJ researchers conducted a series of analyses of Wisconsin court data and came up with a list of 75 preliminary measures that could conceivably be created using Wisconsin’s administrative datasets. MFJ spent most of 2014 and 2015 workshopping these measures with different groups, including practitioners, researchers, academics, activists, journalists, and other stakeholders. In 2015 MFJ convened a second advisory group of criminologists, the Methods and Measurement Council (MMC) (see Appendix A), which is responsible for vetting our Measures and methodology. And, in early 2016 MFJ convened a third advisory group, the Benchmarking Council (BC) (see Appendix A), comprising senior criminologists with decades of experience in researching all areas of criminal justice. The Councils met several times to discuss and vet the final list of Measures.

After integrating feedback from stakeholders and our advisory groups, we launched our public Data Portal1 in May 2017. The list of Measures has continued to evolve since then as we work with data from more jurisdictions and receive feedback from more stakeholders. To be prioritized for publication, each Measure needs to: (1) have a clear definition; (2) integrate prior research on criminal justice processes; (3) have an unambiguous interpretation; (4) control for confounding factors; (5) not be duplicative; and (6) be relevant to and actionable for potential users.

The initial process took six years, but our measure development will continue for years to come.

1 See Measures for Justice Data Portal, https://measuresforjustice.org/portal

1. CONCEPT UA L DEV ELOPMENT

https://measuresforjustice.org/portal


2. Data Collection and Storage

One of the largest obstacles to creating an integrated and comprehensive criminal justice measurement system is the lack of uniformity in how local jurisdictions collect, record, and maintain data. Since MFJ launched its Data Portal in 2017, Florida2, California3, and Connecticut4 have passed laws to mandate local criminal justice agencies to collect and report more uniform data. Though other states are attempting to follow suit, the challenge remains for most of the country. To overcome this obstacle, MFJ’s Data Outreach team approaches each jurisdiction individually, meets with state and local stakeholders at different stages of the process, and collects institutional knowledge along with data in order to help standardize measurement across jurisdictions.

MFJ conducts data collection one state at a time. Once a state is selected, the first step is to evaluate centralized data resources. This systematic evaluation examines whether statewide datasets exist, what information is captured in these datasets, and whether that information can be extracted in bulk or must be compiled on a case-by-case basis. MFJ’s first and primary sources for data typically come in the form of bulk data extractions from the statewide court data repository and the Department of Corrections (DOC). This usually involves submitting a formal data request that follows the protocol required by the state court administrator and the DOC.

When no statewide datasets are available or when the statewide court data are insufficient, the MFJ team attempts to collect data at the county level from prosecutor offices and jail administrators. MFJ emails and calls relevant agencies to schedule in-person meetings; during these meetings MFJ’s outreach representatives present the goals of the project to local stakeholders who then provide valuable information about their data infrastructure including how they collect, code, and maintain their data. MFJ’s Data Outreach Team also asks local stakeholders about their offices’ specific practices and policies. When in-person meetings are not possible, the team works with jurisdictions to collect their data remotely. Providing data to MFJ is, of course, voluntary and not all jurisdictions agree to participate in the project. This means that states will have gaps in certain areas, depending on whether individual counties agreed to provide data to populate the Measures.

MFJ obtains data through the public records request protocols established by each agency. We only file Freedom of Information Act requests when the agency specifically asks we do so to expedite the process. To avoid overburdening agencies, the Data Outreach Team tailors these requests to each office by taking into account their personnel and technology capabilities. For a complete list of the data elements we request from each agency see Appendix B.

Most criminal justice agencies have an electronic case management system into which they input data. MFJ requests data in electronic formats that are machine-readable such as spreadsheets, databases, and PDFs that can be scraped using Optical Character Recognition (OCR) technology. We cannot process handwritten records or PDFs that cannot be read using OCR software. MFJ also requests that agencies deliver a codebook or data dictionary together with the data. Data are delivered

2 Florida Statute § 900.05 (2019), http://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&Search_String=&URL=0900-0999/0900/Sections/0900.05.html

3 California Criminal Justice Act, A.B. 1331 (2019), https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB1331

4 Connecticut S.B. 880, https://www.cga.ct.gov/asp/cgabillstatus/cgabillstatus.asp?selBillType=Bill&which_year=2019&bill_num=880

2. DATA COLLECTION A N D STOR AGE

http://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&Search_String=&URL=0900-0999/

http://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&Search_String=&URL=0900-0999/

https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB1331

https://www.cga.ct.gov/asp/cgabillstatus/cgabillstatus.asp?selBillType=Bill&which_year=2019&bill_num


to MFJ in secure ways including: (1) electronic transmission via Secure File Transfer Protocols (SFTP) or Transport Layer Security (TLS); and (2) physical transmission via secure postal carrier (i.e., CDs or USB thumb drives).

Upon delivery to MFJ, data files are saved in a centralized, access-controlled and encrypted storage system. A Data Quality Analyst reviews the raw data at intake to ensure that all agreed upon data elements are included in the extract, checks the distributions of each data element (checking for missingness, outliers, implausible values, and potentially wrong values due to data entry errors), and reviews the data structure and table linkages. The results of this review are then communicated to the source agency and a conversation about addressing the issues identified takes place. The data are then de-identified, where applicable, and securely transferred to assigned staff’s work machines for data management.

2 . DATA COLLECTION A N D STOR AGE


3. Data Management

Criminal justice case management systems are record-keeping structures that collect data with the goal of tracking the processing of individual cases by the agency and not necessarily for the purpose of measurement. Nevertheless, these data are suitable for measurement provided they are handled correctly. Measures for Justice has devised a Standard Operating Procedure that standardizes the data management process across agencies and jurisdictions to create a dataset that can be used to populate the Measures. Agencies provide raw data either in a single flat table where rows represent charges, or in multiple flat tables with rows representing charges, cases, defendants, court events, sentences, etc., linked through a common identifier (usually an agency-specific case number). The goal of MFJ’s data management process is to produce a single flat table for each state where rows represent cases. This involves identifying the driving characteristics of a case, as explained below (see Section 3.3). The final data files are standardized across states according to a common codebook5. However, because the level of comprehensiveness of the raw data varies widely across jurisdictions, not all variables in the final codebook can be created in all states. Finally, due to the cross-sectional nature of our measurement, all datasets are right-censored, meaning that there may be case events that took place after the data were collected and that are thus not captured by the Measures. The Data Portal provides information on the source of the data, the date when it was extracted from the source’s case management system, and the case years included in the Measure.

3.1. Protecting Privacy

We request data including defendants’ personal identifiers (i.e., names and dates of birth) or, alternately, an anonymized unique defendant identifier6 so that we can track the same defendant across cases within the dataset. This information allows us to do several things:

• Operationalize a “case” to mean all the charges processed within a given jurisdiction that were associated with the same defendant and that were filed in court (or referred for prosecution, in the case of declinations) on the same date (see Section 3.2. for more information).

• Estimate whether the defendant had any convictions in the three years prior to the filing of the current case (see Section 3.3.4. for more information).

• Estimate whether the defendant had any violent convictions in the three years prior to the filing of the current case (see Section 3.3.4. for more information).

• Estimate whether the defendant had any new convictions within the three years after the current case’s sentence date (see Section 3.3.4. for more information).

• Link cases across datasets from different agencies (only possible if defendants’ names and dates of birth are provided).

5 The codebook describes the dataset in full, including its structure, contents, and the meaning of specific values within each variable.

6 An anonymized identifier is a random but unique combination of alphanumeric characters (e.g., e0457ecb5f113d9469d7db5fc117277e201f094d) that serves to identify the same person across multiple rows of data.

3. DATA M A NAGEMENT


Once the above procedures have been finalized on a secure server with very limited access, we remove personal identifiers from the dataset and create a unique case number that is fully de-identified to protect the privacy of defendants. The MFJ Case Number is composed of two digits representing the state (e.g., Florida=09), three digits representing the county (e.g., Alachua County, Florida=001), four digits representing the year the case was filed in court (or the year the case was referred to the prosecutor’s office if the case was declined for prosecution) (e.g., 2009), and six digits representing the case sequence within state, county, and year (e.g., 000001). For this example, the final MFJ Case Number would be 090012009000001. Furthermore, our Data Portal presents Measures that have been aggregated to the county level and does not display results with fewer than 30 cases. Therefore, it is impossible to identify an individual or a case from the Measures published online.

3.2. Defining “Case”

MFJ collects data on adult criminal cases initiated due to an alleged violation of state laws. These cases include felonies and misdemeanors (including criminal traffic offenses), and exclude violations of federal laws, violations of county and municipal ordinances, noncriminal traffic offenses, and cases involving juveniles (except for those that are ultimately waived or transferred to adult criminal court). Criminal Justice agencies use different methods to record cases. In some jurisdictions, incidents involving multiple charges and defendants are recorded using the same case number for all charges and co-defendants. Other jurisdictions may also record multiple charges under the same case number but use different case numbers for each co-defendant. Some jurisdictions define a case as all charges filed simultaneously for the same defendant for offenses committed on the same date. The Court Statistics Project7 of the National Center for State Courts recommends counting multiple charges associated with the same defendant and the same incident as a single case. We would like to follow this recommendation, but not all administrative datasets we receive provide the offense dates necessary to define cases as incident-based. Instead, in order to have a standard definition across states, we define a case as all charges associated with the same defendant and filed (or referred for prosecution, in the case of declinations) on the same date as a single case. We assume that when a prosecutor files multiple charges together, even for different incidents, they intend to resolve these charges simultaneously. Since the focus of our Measures is case processing, not case clearance, we believe this approach, while not perfect, is currently the best way to standardize case definition across jurisdictions.

3.3. Criteria Used to Identify the Driving Characteristics of a Case

Cases often involve multiple charges. We follow the recommendation made by the Court Statistics Project8 to classify cases by the most serious charge according to the state’s offense severity classification (see Appendix F). If two or more charges share the highest severity class, we select the charge representing the most serious offense type moving down from this list:

“violent,” “property,” “drug,” “DUI,” “public order,” “criminal traffic,” and “other.” If two or more charges share the highest severity class and the most serious offense type, we select the charge having the most serious offense description moving down from a list of 254 charge descriptions with “murder” at the top and “other” at the bottom of the list.

7 Court Statistics Project (2019). State Court Guide to Statistical Reporting, Version 2.2., p. 14. Retrieved from: http://www.courtstatistics.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0026/23984/state-court-guide-to-statistical-reporting.pdf

8 Ibid.


http://www.courtstatistics.org/__data/assets/pdf_file/0026/23984/state-court-guide-to-statistical-reporting.pdf


This section explains how we define the variables we use to characterize cases and develop the case-level datasets from which we calculate the Measures for each state. Subheadings refer to the corresponding variable(s) in the codebook.

3 .3 .1 . TOP BOOKING, REFERRAL, FILING, AND CONVICTION CHARGE VARIABLES

• Top Booking Charge, Top Referred Charge, Top Filing Charge, and Top Conviction Charge: These variables describe the most serious charge at the booking, referral, filing, and conviction stages respectively. Charge descriptions vary widely across states based on statutory laws. To standardize charges across states, we code a charge description (or statute number when a description is not available) using an offense code system modified from the system that the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) implemented in the National Corrections Reporting Program (NCRP). MFJ’s modifications included reordering offenses to reflect their seriousness, adding clarifications to the NCRP codes to ensure coding consistency, reclassifying DUI to its own offense type, reclassifying some of the “other” and “public order” offenses, and adding new codes for offenses including human trafficking, amphetamine drug offenses, opioid drug offenses, and other prescription drug offenses. See the appendices for the full offense code crosswalk.

• Top Booking Charge Offense, Top Referred Charge Offense, Top Filing Charge Offense, and Top Conviction Charge Offense: These variables classify the charge descriptions into fewer categories following the general groupings proposed in the BJS offense codes document.

• Top Booking Charge Type, Top Referred Charge Offense Type, Top Filing Charge Offense Type, and Top Conviction Charge Offense Type: These variables condense the charge descriptions into even more parsimonious offense type categories: “violent,”9 “property,” “drug,” “DUI,” “public order,” “criminal traffic,” and “other.” For the full crosswalk from charge description to offense type, see Appendix G.

• Top Booking Charge Severity Original, Top Referred Charge Severity Original, Top Filing Charge Severity Original, and Top Conviction Charge Severity Original: These variables capture the severity of the most serious charge, according to the state’s offense severity classification (see Appendix F), for which severity is known at the booking, referral, filing, and conviction stages respectively.

• Top Booking Charge Was Felony or Misdemeanor, Top Referred Charge Was Felony or Misdemeanor, Top Filing Charge Was Felony or Misdemeanor, and Top Conviction Charge Was Felony or Misdemeanor: These variables indicate whether the most serious charge at the booking, referral, filing, and conviction stages respectively was a felony or a misdemeanor.

• Top Booking Charge Severity by Offense Type, Top Referred Charge Severity by Offense Type, Top Filing Charge Severity by Offense Type, and Top Conviction Charge Severity by Offense Type: These variables indicate whether the

9 Violent offenses include: murder, unspecified homicide, voluntary/non-negligent manslaughter, manslaughter - non-vehicular, kidnapping, rape - force, rape - statutory - no force, sexual assault - other, lewd act with children, armed robbery, unarmed robbery, forcible sodomy, aggravated assault, simple assault, assaulting public officer, blackmail/extortion/intimidation, hit and run driving, child abuse, and violent offense - other. Nonviolent offenses are defined as any other offenses not included in this list.

10 Ibid.



most serious charge at the booking, referral, filing, and conviction stages respectively was a felony or a misdemeanor and whether it was violent10 or not. This allows for a broad standardization of charge severities across states.

• Top Conviction Charge Was Drug Possession: This variable indicates whether the most serious conviction charge was for a drug possession-related offense.

• Top Referred Charge Was Driving on Suspended/Revoked License, Top Filing Charge Was Driving on Suspended/Revoked License, and Top Conviction Charge Was Driving on Suspended/Revoked License: These variables indicate whether the most serious charge at the referral, filing, and conviction stages respectively was driving on a suspended or revoked license.

• Top Referred Charge Was DUI, Top Filing Charge Was DUI, and Top Conviction Charge Was DUI: These variables indicate whether the most serious charge at the referral, filing, and conviction stages respectively was driving under the influence of alcohol.

3 .3 . 2 ADDITIONAL CHARGING CHARACTERISTICS

• Total Number of Referred Charges, Total Number of Filing Charges, and Total Number of Conviction Charges: These variables calculate, respectively, the total number of charges referred to the prosecutor by law enforcement or a complainant, the total number of charges filed in court by the prosecutor, and the total number of charges for which the defendant was convicted. These may include infractions if they were amended to a misdemeanor or a felony at a different charging stage (e.g., a charge may be referred as an infraction, but filed and convicted as a misdemeanor).

• Case Involved Violent Referral Charge, Case Involved Violent Filing Charge, and Case Involved Violent Conviction Charge: These variables indicate whether the case involved a violent charge at the referral, filing, and conviction stages respectively, even if the top charge was not violent.

• Case Involved Drug Referral Charge, Case Involved Drug Filing Charge, and Case Involved Drug Conviction Charge: These variables indicate whether the case involved a drug charge at the referral, filing, and conviction stages respectively, even if the top charge was not drug-related.

• Case Involved DUI Referral Charge, Case Involved DUI Filing Charge, and Case Involved DUI Conviction Charge:11 These variables indicate whether the case involved a Driving Under the Influence (DUI) charge at the referral, filing, and conviction stages respectively, even if the top charge was not DUI-related.

• Case Involved Criminal Traffic Referral Charge, Case Involved Criminal Traffic Filing Charge, and Case Involved Criminal Traffic Conviction Charge: These variables indicate whether the case involved a criminal traffic charge at the referral, filing, and conviction stages respectively, even if the top charge was not criminal traffic.

• Resisting Arrest Was the Only Referred Charge, Resisting Arrest Was the Only Filing Charge, and Resisting Arrest Was the Only Conviction Charge: These variables flag cases in which resisting arrest was the only charge at the referral, filing, and conviction stages respectively.

11 Includes Driving Under the Influence (DUI) and Driving While Intoxicated (DWI) charges.



• Disorderly Conduct Was the Only Referred Charge, Disorderly Conduct Was the Only Filing Charge, and Disorderly Conduct Was the Only Conviction Charge: These variables flag cases in which disorderly conduct was the only charge at the referral, filing, and conviction stages respectively.

• Charge Status from Referral to Filing, and Charge Status from Filing to Conviction: These variables indicate whether the class severity of the top charge at referral and filing, respectively, changed in the next charging stage. Categories include no change (same severity as prior stage), charge reduction (lower severity than prior stage), and charge increase (higher severity than prior stage).

• Ratio of Number of Filed Charges to Number of Conviction Charges: This variable calculates the number of charges filed in court by the prosecutor for every charge of which the defendant was found guilty (or to which the defendant pleaded guilty).

• Any Referred Charge Drug Type, Any Filing Charge Drug Type, Any Conviction Charge Drug Type: This variable identifies the drug type (i.e., marijuana, cocaine, heroin, amphetamine, opioid, other prescription, paraphernalia, other) and activity (i.e., possession/use and distribution)12 associated with the case at the referral, filing, and conviction stages, even when the most serious charge is not for a drug offense. This information may be provided by the source in the charge description or as a separate data element.

• Domestic Abuse: This variable indicates whether the case involved domestic abuse. Domestic abuse is defined as any form of abuse (including but not limited to physical violence) involving parties in a domestic relationship as defined by law. When provided, this information often comes from data on charge modifiers.13

• Domestic Violence: This variable indicates whether the case involved domestic abuse and violent charges. Domestic violence is thus a subset of domestic abuse that focuses specifically on violent acts.

• Sex Offense: This variable indicates whether the case involved sex offense charges, even when the most serious charge is not a sex offense.

• Case Involved Gun Referral Charge, Case Involved Gun Filing Charge, and Case Involved Gun Conviction Charge: These variables indicate whether the case involved a gun charge at the referral, filing, and conviction stages respectively, even if the top charge was not a gun charge.

• Case Involved Burglary Referral Charge, Case Involved Burglary Filing Charge, and Case Involved Burglary Conviction Charge: These variables indicate whether the case involved a burglary charge at the referral, filing, and conviction stages respectively, even if the top charge was not a burglary charge.

• Case Involved Hate Crime Referral Charge, Case Involved Hate Crime Filing Charge, and Case Involved Hate Crime Conviction Charge: These variables indicate whether the case involved a hate crime charge at the referral, filing, and conviction stages respectively, even if the top charge was not a hate crime charge.

12 Distribution includes: possession with intent to sell or distribute; manufacturing; delivery; distribution; and sale.

13 Charge modifiers are tags used by prosecutors to explain the circumstances under which an offense took place when they are not clearly stated in the statutory description of the charge. Domestic abuse modifiers are used when the parties involved in the offense are in a domestic relationship, as defined by law.

3. DATA MANAGEMENT


• Case Involved Drug, DUI, or Traffic Referral Charge, Case Involved Drug, DUI, or Traffic Filing Charge, and Case Involved Drug, DUI, or Traffic Conviction Charge: These variables indicate whether the case involved a drug, DUI, or traffic charge at the referral, filing, and conviction stages respectively, even if the top charge was not a drug, DUI, or traffic charge.

• Case Involved Murder by Overdose Referral Charge, Case Involved Murder by Overdose Filing Charge, and Case Involved Murder by Overdose Conviction Charge: These variables indicate whether the case involved a murder by overdose charge at the referral, filing, and conviction stages respectively, even if the top charge was not a murder by overdose charge.

• Case Involved Poor Investigative Practice Referral Charge, Case Involved Poor Investigative Practice Filing Charge, and Case Involved Poor Investigative Practice Conviction Charge: These variables indicate whether the case involved a poor investigative practice charge at the referral, filing, and conviction stages respectively, even if the top charge was not a poor investigative practice charge.

• Case Involved Police Misconduct Referral Charge, Case Involved Police Misconduct Filing Charge, and Case Involved Police Misconduct Conviction Charge: These variables indicate whether the case involved a police misconduct charge at the referral, filing, and conviction stages respectively, even if the top charge was not a police misconduct charge.

• Gang Activity: This variable indicates whether the case involved charges indicating gang activity, even when the most serious charge did not indicate gang activity.

• Gang Violence: This variable indicates whether the case involved charges indicating gang violence, even when the most serious charge did not indicate gang violence.

• Non-Probationable Conviction Charge: This variable indicates whether the case involved conviction charges that were not eligible for probation, even when the most serious charge was eligible. Note that probation ineligibility is at the statute level and does not account for prior record or other case characteristics.

3 .3 .3 . CASE LOCATION

• State: Identifies the state where the case was processed.

• Judicial District: Identifies the state and judicial district (see Appendix H) where the case was processed.

• County: Identifies the state and county (see Appendix I) where the case was processed.

• FIPS: Identifies the Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) number for the county (see Appendix I) where the case was processed.

• Court Type: In jurisdictions with a two-tiered criminal court system, this identifies the court type in which the case was disposed.

• Arrest City: Identifies the city where the arrest associated with the case took place.

• Arresting Agency: Identifies the agency that conducted the arrest associated with the case.



3 .3 .4 . DEFENDANT CHARACTERISTICS

• Defendant’s Age: Represents the defendant’s age at time of case initiation, which is calculated using the defendant’s date of birth and the arrest or referral date. When the arrest or referral date is not available, age is calculated using the case filing date.

• Defendant’s Age Group: Classifies the age of defendants into six categories representing ranges based on the age-curve of crime.14

• Defendant’s Race: Represents the defendant’s race and ethnicity as reported in the raw data. When ethnicity data are available, the “Hispanic” category includes “white” and “black” defendants whose ethnicity is “Hispanic,” and the categories “white” and “African American” exclude “Hispanics.” However, when ethnicity data are not available, which occurs frequently, the “white” and “African American” categories likely also include “Hispanics.”

• Defendant’s Race Group: Classifies the defendant’s race into two categories, “white” and “person of color.” The “person of color” category includes all racial/ethnic groups except for “whites.” This variable is used to calculate racial disparities across the Measures. When ethnicity is not included in the raw data though, the “white” category is likely to include

“Hispanics,” which reduces the precision of racial disparity scores.

• Defendant’s Sex: Represents the defendant’s sex as reported in the raw data. When these data are not provided by the source, we estimate sex in two complementary ways. First, we analyze the available free text data that relates to court events to identify pronouns referring to the defendant (e.g., “The defendant waives his right to a speedy trial.”). In addition, if defendant names are available in the raw data, we triangulate the sex estimation using pronouns by analyzing common male and female first names.

• Defendant’s State: Identifies the defendant’s state of residence as reported in the raw data.

• Defendant’s Zip Code: Identifies the defendant’s zip code of residence as reported in the raw data.

• Defendant’s Indigent Status: Indicates whether the court found that the defendant met the criteria to be considered indigent and had the right to a court-appointed attorney. If these data are not explicitly provided, we assume indigence when the defendant was provided a public defender or a court-appointed private attorney.15

• Defendant’s Employment: Indicates whether the defendant was unemployed at the time of the arrest or booking associated with the case.

• Defendant Homeless: Indicates whether the defendant was homeless at the time of the arrest or booking associated with the case.

14 The age-curve of crime is the assumption that the probability of criminal behavior increases by late childhood, peaks by mid-adolescence, and starts declining by the early 20s (see National Institute of Justice, From Juvenile Delinquency to Young Adult Offending, http://www.nij.gov/topics/crime/Pages/delinquency-to-adult-offending.aspx.

15 When indigent status has to be inferred from the attorney type, we are unable to capture the indigency of defendants who have pro se representation (i.e., who self-represent).


http://www.nij.gov/topics/crime/Pages/delinquency-to-adult-offending.aspx


• Prior Convictions: Indicates whether defendants with cases filed in court were convicted of any offense in the three years prior to the current case’s filing date. Note that this is limited to jurisdictions and prior years included in the dataset.

• Prior Convictions for Violent Charges: Indicates whether defendants with cases filed in court were convicted of a violent offense in the three years prior to the current case’s filing date. Note that this is limited to jurisdictions and prior years included in the dataset.

• Reconvictions: Indicates whether sentenced defendants had any new convictions within the three years after the current case’s sentence date. Note that this is limited to convictions in jurisdictions and subsequent years included in the dataset.

3 .3 .5 VICTIM CHARACTERISTICS

• Victim’s Age: Represents the victim’s age as reported in the raw data.

• Victim’s Age Group: Classifies the age of victims into six categories corresponding to defendant age groups.

• Victim’s Race: Represents the victim’s race and ethnicity as reported in the raw data. When ethnicity data are available, the “Hispanic” category includes “white” and “black” defendants whose ethnicity is “Hispanic,” and the categories

“white” and “African American” exclude “Hispanics.” However, when ethnicity data are not available, which occurs frequently, the “white” and “African American” categories likely also include “Hispanics.”

• Victim’s Sex: Represents the victim’s sex as reported in the raw data.

• Multiple Victims: Indicates whether there were multiple victims associated with the case.

• Child Victim: Indicates whether there were one or multiple child victims associated with the case, including alleged intentional, endangerment or actual harm.

• Spanish-Speaking Victims: Indicates whether there were one or multiple victims associated with the case who were Spanish-speaking.

• Victim-Defendant Relationship: Indicates whether the relationship between the victim and the defendant was as an intimate partner, family member, known non-family member, stranger, or if there were multiple victims.

• Victim/Witness Program: Indicates whether the victim had access to a victim or witness program at the prosecutor’s office.

• Victim/Witness Program Used: Indicates whether the victim used a victim or witness program at the prosecutor’s office.

3 .3 .6 DEFENSE COUNSEL

• Attorney Type: Identifies whether the last attorney of record was a private attorney, a public defender, a court-appointed private attorney, other type of attorney, or if the defendant self-represented. This variable excludes attorneys involved in appeals or any other post-conviction legal proceedings.



• Public Defender: Indicates whether the last attorney of record was a public defender. This excludes attorneys involved in appeals or any other post-conviction legal proceedings.

• Attorney Assigned at Initial Appearance: Indicates whether a defense attorney was assigned at the initial appearance or arraignment.

• No Attorney at Initial Appearance: Indicates whether a defense attorney was assigned after the initial appearance or arraignment.

• Attorney Withdrawal: Indicates whether the case involved at least one attorney withdrawal. This variable excludes attorney withdrawals that took place during appeals or any other post-conviction legal proceedings.

• Total Attorney Withdrawals: Indicates the number of attorney withdrawals associated with the case. This variable excludes attorney withdrawals that took place during appeals or any other post-conviction legal proceedings.

• Total Number of Attorneys: Indicates the number of attorneys associated with the case. This variable excludes attorney withdrawals that took place during appeals or any other post-conviction legal proceedings.

• Percentage of Days with Same Attorney: Indicates the percentage of days during the length of the case that were handled by one attorney. This is only measured for cases with public defenders and excludes conflict cases.

• Total Attorney-Client Meetings: Indicates the number of attorney-client meetings associated with the case. This variable excludes meetings that took place during appeals or any other post-conviction legal proceedings.

3 .3 .7 PRETRIAL RELEASE

• Pretrial Release Decision: Represents the court’s initial decision regarding whether to release the defendant pending case disposition and whether the release should be subject to monetary conditions, non monetary conditions, pretrial supervision, or electronic monitoring. This variable excludes any modifications to the original decision resulting from violations of pretrial release conditions.

• Pretrial Release Status: Identifies cases in which the defendant was released pending case disposition. This variable includes defendants released on recognizance or nonmonetary conditions, those who met the monetary conditions (posted bail) set by the court, those released under supervision of the court, and those released with electronic monitoring

• Monetary Conditions Amount: Represents the bail amount (or monetary conditions) set by the court at the beginning of the case. This variable excludes any bail amounts set later in the case as a result of violations of pretrial release conditions.

• Monetary Conditions Were $500 or Less: Indicates whether the bail amount (or monetary conditions) set at the beginning of the case was $500 or less. This variable excludes any bail amounts set later in the case as a result of violations of pretrial release conditions.

• Bail Was Paid: Indicates whether the court initially set bail (or a bond with monetary conditions) for the defendant and bail was paid.



• Failure to Pay Bail: Indicates whether the court initially set bail (or a bond with monetary conditions) for the defendant and bail was not paid.

• Monetary Conditions Reduced: Indicates whether the bail amount (or monetary conditions) set at the beginning of the case was reduced by the court at a later date.

• Revocation of Nonmonetary Release: Indicates whether defendants who had nonmonetary release (release on recognizance or nonmonetary conditions) set at the beginning of the case had their release status revoked as a result of violations of the conditions imposed by the court.

• Revocation of Monetary Release: Indicates whether defendants who met the monetary conditions (bail) set by the court at the beginning of the case had their release status revoked as a result of violations of other conditions imposed by the court.

• Revocation of Release on Supervision: Indicates whether defendants who were released under pretrial supervision at the beginning of the case had their release status revoked as a result of violations of other conditions imposed by the court.

• Violation of Pretrial Release: Indicates whether defendants released on nonmonetary conditions and those who met the monetary conditions set by the court had their release status revoked as a result of violations of the conditions imposed by the court.

• Failure to Appear in Court: Indicates whether the defendant ever failed to appear in court as the current case was being processed.

• Total Number of Failures to Appear in Court: Calculates the total number of times the defendant failed to appear in court as the current case was being processed.

• Pretrial Release Conditions - No Contact: Indicates whether the pretrial release conditions in the case included provisions against contact with the victim.

• No Contact Order: Indicates whether at least one protective order, temporary order of protection, or stay-away order associated with the case was filed with the court.

• No Contact Order Violation: Indicates whether at least one protective order, temporary order of protection, or stay-away order associated with the case was violated.

3 .3 .8 CASE EVENTS

• Offense Date: Identifies the date when the offense took place. If there are multiple offense dates associated with a case, MFJ selects the earliest date.

• Incident Report Date: Identifies the date when the incident associated with the case was reported. If there are multiple offense dates associated with a case, MFJ selects the earliest date.

• Referral Date: Identifies the date when charges were referred to the prosecutor’s office. If there are multiple referral dates associated with a case, MFJ selects the earliest date.



• Arrest Date: Identifies the date when the defendant was arrested. If the defendant was not arrested (i.e., he/she was given an appearance ticket, summons, or citation), MFJ leaves the cell blank. If there are multiple arrest dates associated with a case, the earliest date is selected. This variable excludes arrests stemming from violations of pretrial release conditions.

• Arrest Time: Identifies the time of day when the defendant was arrested. If the defendant was not arrested (i.e., he/she was given an appearance ticket, summons, or citation), MFJ leaves the cell blank. If there are multiple arrest dates associated with a case, the time associated with the earliest date is selected. This variable excludes arrests stemming from violations of pretrial release conditions.

• Citation Date: Identifies the date when the defendant was given an appearance ticket, summons, or citation. If the defendant was arrested, MFJ leaves the cell blank. If there are multiple citation dates associated with a case, the earliest date is selected.

• Citation Time: Identifies the time of day when the defendant was given an appearance ticket, summons, or citation. If the defendant was arrested, MFJ leaves the cell blank. If there are multiple citation dates associated with a case, the earliest date is selected.

• Booking Date: Identifies the date when the defendant was booked. If the defendant was not booked, MFJ leaves the cell blank. If there are multiple booking dates associated with a case, the earliest date is selected.

• Booking Time: Identifies the time of day when the defendant was booked. If the defendant was not booked, MFJ leaves the cell blank. If there are multiple booking dates associated with a case, the earliest date is selected.

• Jail Release Date: Identifies the date when the defendant was released from jail. If the defendant was not released from jail, MFJ leaves the cell blank. If there are multiple release dates associated with a case, the earliest date is selected.

• Jail Release Time: Identifies the time of day when the defendant was released from jail. If the defendant was not released from jail, MFJ leaves the cell blank. If there are multiple release dates associated with a case, the earliest date is selected.

• Prosecutor Final Decision Date: Identifies the date for the prosecutor’s final decision about whether to prosecute the case.

• Case Filing Date: Identifies the date when charges were filed in court by the prosecutor’s office.

• Attorney Assignment Date: Identifies the date when a permanent defense attorney was assigned to the case. If there are multiple attorney assignment dates associated with a case, MFJ selects the earliest date.

• Attorney Withdrawal Date: If defense counsel withdraws from the case, this field identifies the date when the withdrawal was filed in court. MFJ leaves the cell blank when there are no attorney withdrawals. If more than one attorney withdrawal is associated with the case, MFJ selects the earliest date.

• Attorney First Meeting with Client Date: Identifies the date when the defense attorney in the case had their first meeting with the client (defendant) in the case.

• Initial Appearance Date: Identifies the date when the defendant appeared in front of a judge for the first time to hear charges and learn about legal rights (terminology varies by jurisdiction including: initial appearance, preliminary



hearing, and arraignment).

• Deferral Order Date: Identifies the date when a deferred prosecution agreement or pretrial diversion was ordered or signed by the parties (terminology varies by jurisdiction including: pretrial diversion, deferred judgment, and deferred adjudication). If more than one deferral order date is associated with the case, MFJ selects the earliest date.

• Bail Hearing Date: Identifies the date when the bail hearing took place. This variable applies only to bail hearings relating to the initial pretrial release decision and it excludes bail hearings that might have been scheduled later in the processing of a case to modify the conditions of bail or to revoke it.

• Cash Bond Setting Date: Identifies the date when cash bond was set. This variable applies only if cash bond was the initial pretrial release decision and it excludes cash bond settings that might have taken place later in the processing of the case due to violations of pretrial release conditions.

• Cash Bond Posting Date: Identifies the date when cash bond was posted. This variable applies only if cash bond was the initial pretrial release decision and it excludes cash bond postings that might have taken place later in the processing of the case due to violations of pretrial release conditions.

• Release on Own Recognizance (ROR) Decision Date: Identifies the date when the court decided to release the defendant on his or her own recognizance. This variable applies only if ROR was the initial pretrial release decision.

• Bond Revocation Date: Identifies the earliest date when the pretrial release bond was revoked.

• Bond Modification Date: Identifies the earliest date when the pretrial release bond was modified.

• Plea Date: Identifies the date when the defendant entered a final plea (i.e., not guilty, guilty, no contest). This variable excludes guilty pleas entered as a condition to be admitted into a pretrial diversion program and any post-conviction plea events related to violations of probation or other court conditions.

• Case Disposition Date: Identifies the date when the case was closed, excluding any post-conviction events (e.g., violations of probation, appeals). For cases where prosecution is declined, this variable represents the date when the prosecutor decided to decline the case. For cases with deferred prosecution or pretrial diversion, this variable represents the date when deferral or diversion was ordered. For prosecuted cases, this variable represents the date when the case was disposed of. If more than one date was associated with the case, MFJ selects the last date before any post-conviction proceedings.

• Indigence Determination Date: Identifies the date when the defendant was determined by the court to be indigent. If the defendant was not determined to be indigent, MFJ leaves this blank.

• Sentence Date: Identifies the date when a sentence was imposed. If more than one sentence date is associated with the case, MFJ selects the earliest date. This variable excludes re-sentencing events that took place due to a violation of probation or other court conditions.

• Prison Admission Date: Identifies the date when a defendant was admitted to prison. If the defendant was not admitted to prison, MFJ leaves this blank. If there are multiple dates associated with the case, MFJ uses the initial date.



• Parole Board Hearing Date: Identifies the date when a parole board hearing was held. If there was no parole board hearing, MFJ leaves this blank. If there are multiple dates associated with the case, MFJ uses the initial date.

• Prison Release Date: Identifies the date when a defendant was released from prison. If the defendant was not released from prison, MFJ leaves this blank. If there are multiple dates associated with the case, MFJ uses the initial date.

• Probation Admission Date: Identifies the date when a defendant was admitted to probation. If the defendant was not admitted to probation, MFJ leaves this blank. If there are multiple dates associated with the case, MFJ uses the initial date.

• Probation Release Date: Identifies the date when a defendant was released from probation. If the defendant was not released from probation, MFJ leaves this blank. If there are multiple dates associated with the case, MFJ uses the initial date.

• Censored Date: Represents the date when the data were extracted from the case management system or the date the data were delivered to MFJ, if the former is not known.

• Case Year: Represents the year when the case was filed in court. For cases where prosecution was declined, this variable represents the year when the referral was made.

• Disposition Year: Represents the year when the case was closed or disposed of. For cases where prosecution was declined, this represents the year when the prosecutor decided to decline the case. For cases with deferred prosecution or pretrial diversion, this variable represents the year when the deferral or diversion was ordered. For prosecuted cases, this variable represents the final judgment year.

• Indigence Determination Year: Represents the year when the defendant was determined by the court to be indigent. For cases handled by public defenders, this often indicates when the case was assigned to their office.

• Booking Year: Represents the year when the booking associated with the case was conducted.

• Sentence Year: For cases resulting in a conviction, this variable represents the year when the sentence was imposed. We limit all sentencing data to events that took place after conviction but before post-conviction activity, such as appeals, violations of probation, or violations of other court orders.

• Bond Motion: Indicates whether a bond motion was ever filed in the current case. A bond motion is a formal request that the court reconsider the type or the conditions of pretrial release it originally set.

• Discovery Order: Indicates whether a discovery order was ever issued in the current case. A discovery order is a formal mandate from the court that the prosecution release any exculpatory evidence to the defense.

• Speedy Trial Motion: Indicates whether a speedy trial motion was ever filed in the case.

• Speedy Trial Waiver: Indicates whether the defendant’s right to a speedy trial was waived in the case.

• Continuance: Indicates whether a continuance ever occurred during the case.

• Total Continuances: Indicates the number of continuances that occurred throughout the case.



• Pretrial Sentence Investigation: Indicates whether a pretrial sentencing investigation was conducted for the case.

3 .3 .9 . CASE PROCESSING

• Case Referral Initial Action: Identifies the action that initiated the case referral, including arrest, noncustodial referrals (i.e., appearance tickets, citations, summonses), and other actions (includes sworn complaints).

• Prosecuted: Indicates whether the charges referred by law enforcement or a complainant to the prosecutor’s office were declined for prosecution or filed in court. A case is coded as “declined” when none of the charges was filed in court, and as “prosecuted” when at least one charge was filed in court and the case did not result in transfer, change of venue, or extradition.

• No Prosecutorial Review: Indicates whether there was no prosecutorial review in the case, such as when the case is filed in court directly by law enforcement.

• Case Status: Indicates whether the case was not prosecuted (this should match with “case declined by the prosecutor” in the Prosecuted variable), was closed by the time data were extracted from the court’s case management system (this should match with the following categories in the Case Disposition variable: dismissed, deferral or diversion, not guilty at trial, guilty at trial, guilty plea, guilty - unknown method, or other), or was open or had no disposition recorded in the data by the time of extraction (this should match with “no or unknown disposition” in the Case Disposition variable).

• Days from Offense to Arrest: Indicates the number of days between the offense date and the arrest date. Cases for which the time between offense and arrest exceed the time allowed by the state’s statute of limitations are coded as missing because it is impossible to know whether excessive time spans are true or due to typos in the recording of dates by the original data source.

• Days from Offense to Case Filing: Indicates the number of days between the offense date and the case filing date. Cases for which the time between offense and case filing in court exceeds the time allowed by the state’s statute of limitations are coded as missing because it is impossible to know whether excessive time spans are true or due to typos in the recording of dates by the original data source.

• Days from Offense to Disposition or Sentencing: Indicates the number of days between the offense date and sentencing date (or disposition date, in the case of non-conviction or no sentence date).

• Days from Arrest to Initial Appearance: Indicates the number of days between the arrest date and the initial appearance date.

• Days from Case Filing to Initial Appearance: Indicates the number of days between the case filing date and the initial appearance date.

• Days from Case Filing to Attorney Assignment: Indicates the number of days between the case filing date and the attorney assignment date.

• Days from Attorney Assignment to Guilty Plea: Indicates the number of days between the attorney assignment date and the date when the defendant entered a guilty plea.



• Days from Filing to Case Closure: Indicates the number of days between the case filing date and the case disposition date.

• Felony Disposed of Within One Year: Indicates whether a felony case was disposed of within 365 days.

• Misdemeanor Disposed of Within Six Months: Indicates whether a misdemeanor case was disposed of within 180 days.

• Continuance: Indicates whether a pending court action, such as a hearing or trial, was ever postponed (continued or adjourned) to a later date.

• Total Number of Continuances: Indicates the total number of times a pending court action was postponed (continued or adjourned) to a later date.

• Court Fees: Indicates whether the defendant was ordered to pay fees or costs to the court for the processing of their case. If the court fees were waived, we code the case as not having been ordered to pay fees.

• Interpreter Requested: Indicates whether an interpreter was requested in the case.

• Interpreter Ordered: Indicates whether an interpreter was ordered in the case.

• Civil Forfeiture: Indicates whether the case involved civil forfeiture of the defendant’s property.

3 .3 .10. CASE DISPOSITION

• Case Disposition: Indicates the type of case resolution reached at the end of the case, excluding any dispositions stemming from appeals or violations of probation. Case disposition categories are defined as follows:

◦ PROSECUTION DECLINED: All charges were declined for prosecution.

◦ NO OR UNKNOWN DISPOSITION: The case was still open at the time of data extraction or, if it had already been closed, no disposition was recorded in the raw data.

◦ DISMISSED: All charges were dismissed or withdrawn.

◦ DEFERRAL OR DIVERSION: The defendant entered a pretrial diversion or deferred prosecution program.

◦ NOT GUILTY AT TRIAL: The defendant was found not guilty of all charges in a jury or bench trial.

◦ GUILTY AT TRIAL: The defendant was found guilty of at least one charge in a jury or bench trial.

◦ GUILTY PLEA: The defendant pleaded guilty to at least one charge.

◦ GUILTY - UNKNOWN METHOD: The defendant was guilty of at least one charge but the raw data do not indicate by which method (i.e., trial or plea).

◦ TRANSFER: Includes dispositions such as transfers, changes of venue, and extraditions.

◦ OTHER: Includes other dispositions such as bond estreature, bond forfeiture, and otherwise disposed.



• Pretrial Diversion: Indicates whether the defendant was admitted into a pretrial diversion or deferred prosecution program. This is considered a disposition that closes the case.

• Pretrial Diversion Completion: Indicates whether defendants who were admitted into a pretrial diversion or deferred prosecution program successfully completed it. This is considered a post-disposition event.

• Specialized Court: Indicates whether the case was diverted to a specialized court, including mental health, drug, DUI, and veterans courts.

• Specialized Court Success: Indicates whether a case that was diverted to and successfully completed a program in a specialized court, including mental health, drug, DUI, and veterans courts.

• Community Prosecution: Indicates whether the case was processed through community prosecution.

• Restorative Justice: Indicates whether the processing of the case included restorative justice.

• DNA Test: Indicates whether the case involved a DNA test.

• DNA Evidence: Indicates whether the case involved DNA evidence.

• Trial: Indicates whether the case was disposed of at trial regardless of whether it was a jury or bench trial. This should match with the “not guilty at trial” and “guilty at trial” categories in Case Disposition.

• Final Plea: Represents the defendant’s final plea (not guilty, guilty, no contest). Guilty pleas entered as a condition to admission into a deferred prosecution or pretrial diversion program are coded separately from guilty/no contest pleas.

• Guilty Plea Without Attorney: Indicates whether the defendant entered a guilty plea without retained or assigned counsel.

• Felony Plead Down to Misdemeanor: Indicates whether a top charge filed as a felony was reduced to a misdemeanor as a result of a guilty plea.

• Guilty of All Charges: Indicates whether the defendant was found guilty of (or pleaded guilty to) all charges filed in court by the prosecutor.

• Conviction: Indicates whether the defendant was convicted, regardless of the method of conviction.

• Failure to Register as a Sex Offender: Indicates whether the case included a conviction charge of failing to register as a sex offender, even if that was not the most serious charge in the case.

• Dismissed by Prosecutor: Indicates whether a case dismissal was initiated by the prosecutor. This includes withdrawn, dropped, or nolle prosequi cases.

• Dismissed by Court: Indicates whether a case dismissal was initiated by the court.

• Dismissal Reason: Identifies and categorizes the reason for case dismissal into eight different categories: for want of prosecution, in the interest of justice, speedy trial, dismissed with prejudice, dismissed without prejudice, mistrial, official misconduct, other (including mental incompetence, death of defendant, and other extraordinary means).



• Declined in the Interest of Justice: Identifies whether any charge in the case was declined in the interest of justice.

• Dismissed in the Interest of Justice: Identifies whether any charge in the case was dismissed in the interest of justice.

• Deportation: Indicates whether the defendant in the case was released into U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) custody for deportation proceedings.

• Not Guilty by Reason of Insanity: Indicates whether the defendant was found not guilty by reason of insanity.

• Incompetent to Stand Trial: Indicates whether the defendant was found incompetent to stand trial.

• Habitual Offender: Indicates whether the defendant was classified as a habitual offender.

3 .3 .1 1 . SENTENCE

• Top Sentence: Identifies the most serious sentence imposed by the court. We define “most serious” as the sentence type that is the most restrictive of personal liberties among those imposed by the court on the convicted defendant. Top Sentence categories are defined as follows:

◦ DEATH PENALTY: the defendant was sentenced to the death penalty for at least one charge.

◦ LIFE IN PRISON: the defendant was sentenced to life in prison for at least one charge.

◦ PRISON: the defendant was sentenced to confinement in state prison for at least one charge.

◦ JAIL: the defendant was sentenced to confinement in jail for at least one charge.

◦ LIFETIME SUPERVISION: the defendant was sentenced to lifetime supervision for at least one charge.

◦ SPLIT SENTENCE (PRISON): the defendant was sentenced to extended supervision or split sentence with confinement in prison for at least one charge.

◦ SPLIT SENTENCE (JAIL): the defendant was sentenced to extended supervision or split sentence with confinement in jail for at least one charge.

◦ SPLIT SENTENCE (UNKNOWN): the defendant was sentenced to extended supervision or split sentence for at least one charge but the raw data do not indicate the type of confinement.

◦ PROBATION: the defendant was sentenced to probation for at least one charge.

◦ FINES: the defendant was sentenced to pay fines, forfeiture, costs, or other fees for at least one charge.

◦ RESTITUTION: the defendant was sentenced to pay restitution for at least one charge.

◦ OTHER: the defendant received some other sentence (e.g., community service) for at least one charge.

◦ TIME SERVED: the defendant received a time served sentence and was not given additional confinement time, supervision, or fines.



• Incarceration: Indicates whether the most serious sentence imposed by the court involves prison or jail time (including life in prison and split sentences).

• Prison Sentence Length in Days: Reflects the length (in days) of the imposed sentence when the top sentence was prison. When the top sentence was a split sentence that included prison, this reflects the imposed length of confinement (in days). For indeterminate sentence lengths, we use the minimum length in the range. We code life in prison sentences as having a length of 365,000 days (100 years).

• Prison Sentence Length in Months: Reflects the length (in months) of the imposed sentence when the top sentence was prison. When the top sentence was a split sentence that included prison, this reflects the imposed length of confinement (in months). For indeterminate sentence lengths, we use the minimum length in the range. We code life in prison sentences as having a length of 1,200 months (100 years).

• Jail Sentence Length in Days: Reflects the length (in days) of the imposed sentence when the top sentence was jail. When the top sentence was a split sentence that included jail, this reflects the imposed length of confinement (in days). For indeterminate sentence lengths, we use the minimum length in the range.

• Jail Sentence Length in Months: Reflects the length (in months) of the imposed sentence when the top sentence was jail. When the top sentence was a split sentence that included jail, this reflects the imposed length of confinement (in months). For indeterminate sentence lengths, we use the minimum length in the range.

• Probation Sentence Length in Days: Reflects the length (in days) of the imposed sentence when the top sentence was probation. When the top sentence was a split sentence, this reflects the imposed length of probation (in days). For indeterminate sentence lengths, we use the minimum length in the range.

• Probation Sentence Length in Months: Reflects the length (in months) of the imposed sentence when the top sentence was probation. When the top sentence was a split sentence, this reflects the imposed length of probation (in months). For indeterminate sentence lengths, we use the minimum length in the range.

• Split Sentence Length in Days: Reflects the total length (in days) of the imposed sentence when the top sentence was split between confinement and probation. For indeterminate sentence lengths, we use the minimum length in the range.

• Split Sentence Length in Months: Reflects the total length (in months) of the imposed sentence when the top sentence was split between confinement and probation. For indeterminate sentence lengths, we use the minimum length in the range.

• Time Served Credit: Indicates whether the convicted defendant received credit toward his/her sentence for the time spent in pretrial detention.

• Time Served Credit (in Days): Reflects the number of days the convicted defendant spent in pretrial detention that were credited toward his/her sentence.

• Time Served Sentence: Indicates whether the convicted defendant received a time served sentence. In other words, it indicates whether the judge determined that the defendant did not need to pay any additional sentence time because s/he already spent an amount of time in pretrial detention that was equal to or exceeded the amount of time s/he would have been sentenced to spend in jail or prison after conviction.



• Fine Amount: If the most serious sentence was a fine, this reflects the fine amount the court ordered the convicted defendant to pay. Some jurisdictions combine fees and fines in the same field, likely causing the estimate of fines to be inflated.

• Any Fine Amount: Reflects the fine amount the court ordered the convicted defendant to pay, even when fine was not the most serious sentence.

• Court Fees Amount: Represents the final amount the court ordered the defendant to pay in fees or costs for the processing of their case. If the court fees were reduced, this reflects the reduced amount. Some jurisdictions combine fees and fines in the same field, likely causing the estimate of court fees to be inflated.

• Court Fees Reduced: Indicates whether the court ordered a reduction in the total amount of fees or costs the defendant was originally mandated to pay for the processing of his/her case.

• Court Fees Waived: Indicates whether the court waived the total amount of fees or costs the defendant was originally mandated to pay for the processing of his/her case.

• Court Fees and Fines: Indicates whether the court ordered the defendant to pay fees or fines.

• Court Fees and Fines Amount: Reflects the sum amount of fees and fines the defendant was ordered to pay.

• Failure to Pay Court Fees and Fines: Indicates whether the defendant failed to pay any amount owed in court fees and fines. This variable excludes cases closed in the three months prior to data extraction to account for payment plans offered by the court that could take a few months to enter into effect.

• Driver’s License Suspension or Revocation: Indicates whether the sentence imposed by the court included the suspension or revocation of the convicted defendant’s driver’s license, including provisions such as “ordered not to drive.”

• Length of Driver’s License Suspension: Reflects the length (in months) the convicted defendant’s driver’s license was suspended by order of the court.

• Probation Hold: Indicates whether the defendant was in pretrial detention as the result of a probation violation.

• Jail Stay Type: Identifies the type of jail admission under which the defendant was booked into jail in 9 categories: pretrial detention, sentence, hold for another county, hold for department of corrections, hold for another state agency, hold for federal government (except ICE), hold for ICE, hold for unknown jurisdiction, probation hold.

• Concurrent Sentence: Indicates whether at least two sentences in the case were served concurrently.

• Consecutive Sentence: Indicates whether at least two sentences in the case were served consecutively.

• Suspended Sentence: Indicates whether at least a portion of a sentence imposed in the case was suspended.

• Total Number of Life Sentences: Identifies the number of life sentences imposed in the case.

• Prison Stay Type: Identifies the primary type of prison custody term served in 4 categories: hold, violation, transfer, commitment.



• First Prison Commitment: Indicates whether the associated prison commitment was the first commitment for the defendant.

• Prison Sentence Served Days: Identifies the amount of time in days for the time served in prison.

• Prison Sentence Served Months: Identifies the amount of time in months for the time served in prison.

• Jail Sentence Served Days: Identifies the amount of time in days for the time served in jail.

• Jail Sentence Served Months: Identifies the amount of time in months for the time served in jail.

• Probation Sentence Served Days: Identifies the amount of time in days for the time served on probation.

• Probation Sentence Served Months: Identifies the amount of time in months for the time served on probation.

• Post-incarceration Supervision Type: Identifies the initial type of post-incarceration supervision associated with the case in 7 categories: none, parole, split-sentence probation, electronic monitoring, drug/alcohol monitoring program, halfway house, other supervision. If multiple types were reported, MFJ selects the first type.

• Total Parole Board Appearances: Indicates the number of parole board hearings that were held before release.

• Parole Served Days: Identifies the amount of time in days for the time served on parole.

• Parole Served Months: Identifies the amount of time in months for the time served on parole.

• Sentence Modification: Identifies the type of modification made to the imposed sentence after sentencing in 5 categories: no modification, pardon, vacated, commuted, set aside.

• Sentence Completed: Indicates whether the defendant in the case completed the sentence.

• Prison Death: Indicates whether the defendant died in prison custody.

• Prison Death Type: Identifies the cause of death while in custody in 5 categories: homicide, medical/illness, accidental, natural causes, suicide/self-inflicted.

• Prison Escape: Indicates whether the defendant escaped from prison custody after the case was disposed.

• Restitution: Indicates whether the sentence included restitution.

• Restitution Amount: Identifies the amount of restitution (in dollars) associated with the case.

• Restitution Paid: Indicates whether the restitution associated with the case was paid.

• Restitution Amount Paid to Victim: Identifies the amount of restitution (in dollars) associated with the case that was paid to the victim.

• Mental Health Confinement: Indicates whether the sentence included mental health confinement.



3 .3 .12 . POST-SENTENCING

• Probation Violation: Indicates whether there was a probation violation that occurred after the case was disposed.

• Total Probation Violations: Indicates the number of probation violations that occurred after the case was disposed.

• Probation Violation Type: Indicates whether the probation violation after the case was disposed was a technical violation or a new offense.

• Probation Violation Time Served Months: Indicates the amount of time in months for a probation violation after the case was disposed.

• Probation Violation Time Served Days: Indicates the amount of time in days for a probation violation after the case was disposed.

• Probation Revoked: Indicates whether probation after the case was disposed was revoked.

• Total Parole Violations: Indicates the number of parole violations that occurred after the case was disposed.

• Parole Violation Type: Indicates whether the parole violation after the case was disposed was a technical violation or a new offense.

• Parole Violation Time Served Months: Indicates the amount of time in months for a parole violation after the case was disposed.

• Parole Violation Time Served Days: Indicates the amount of time in days for a parole violation after the case was disposed.

• Parole Revoked: Indicates whether parole after the case was disposed was revoked.

3.4 Coding Cases as “Not Applicable”

We generally define a case as “Not Applicable” on any given field when the case did not have the opportunity to reach the phase or process captured by that data element. Some examples include:

• Cases that were declined for prosecution are coded as “Not Applicable” in all top filing and top conviction charge variables.

• Cases released on recognizance or nonmonetary conditions are coded as “Not Applicable” in all bail (or monetary conditions) fields.

• Cases resulting in a non-conviction (e.g., declinations, deferrals, dismissals, acquittals) are coded as “Not Applicable” in all top conviction charge and sentencing variables.

• Pending cases or those in which the disposition was missing are coded as “Not Applicable” in the time to disposition variables.



• Cases in which the most serious sentence is something other than a fine are coded as “Not Applicable” in Fine Amount.

• Cases that were not assessed court fees or had them waived are coded as “Not Applicable” in Failure to Pay Court Fees.



4. Data Quality Control

MFJ collects data from criminal justice administrative case management systems. Data can be entered into these systems incorrectly or not at all, and may be subject to errors at multiple stages of the sources’ collection and recording process. We go to great lengths to ensure that the data we publish on our Portal are as accurate as possible and that our data management process does not add an extra source of error.

MFJ’s data quality control process involves four general stages: (1) assessing the quality and completeness of raw data at intake; (2) conducting code review during the cleaning process; (3) conducting multiple internal audits of the cleaned case-level data; (4) conducting an external audit of county-level data; and (5) validating the county-level data with stakeholders.

4.1. Assessing Raw Data

Once data are delivered to MFJ, the Data Quality Analyst reviews the dataset to ensure that:

• It was provided in an electronic format that is machine readable. If data were delivered in PDF format, we assess whether the file contains computer readable text that can then be scraped16 and turned into a dataset by one of MFJ’s senior developers. PDFs that cannot be scraped cannot be processed.

• It contains all essential data elements17, without which we cannot proceed.

• All field names and coding schemes are clear, and that a codebook or data dictionary was provided by the source18.

• All cases are within the time range requested.

Whenever issues are identified, MFJ contacts the source of the data and asks for clarification or a new data extraction with modifications. The dataset enters the data management queue once it passes this initial review process, which takes place in the secure server (Harp).

4.2. Internal Audits

All data management is conducted by research associates under the supervision of a senior member of the research team and with the support of a developer from the technology team. Once the first round of data management has concluded, the

16 Data scraping is a technique in which a computer program is used to extract structured data (e.g., a table) from unstructured data (e.g., text in a document). When working with PDFs or scanned files, the developer writes a custom parser to map each character to a record and a field within the record using the character’s position, its surrounding characters and, if available, formatting information. The output is a data table that can then be imported into a statistical software package.

17 Include: county, case docket number, offense date, filing date, disposition date, defendant’s name and DOB (or unique anonymized identifier that identifies a defendant across cases and counties), charge description, charge degree, charge class severity, charge disposition, sentence type.

18 If a data dictionary is not provided by the source, we will work with the source to understand the meaning of fields and values within fields.

4. DATA QUA LITY CONTROL


Research Associate (RA) delivers the dataset to a senior member of the research team for auditing. The auditor thoroughly reviews the case-level data to ensure that the final dataset meets all the standard criteria described in the data management section, including aggregation to the case level (see Section 3.2.), proper creation of variables (see Section 3.3.), and proper coding of “Not Applicables” (see Section 3.4.). The auditor generates an audit report defining the issues19 the Research Associate needs to address and supervise the RA while he/she fixes the problems. A second auditor follows the same process, examining the data at the county level. This process is repeated as many times as necessary until no apparent issues are identified in the case-level data. A final internal audit is then conducted before delivery.

Upon completion of the internal audit process, the supervising senior researcher delivers the dataset to the product team for implementation in the Data Portal. The data delivery takes place in two stages. First, the data are run through a computer program that checks for consistency between the dataset and the codebook, including data elements that should be available in a given jurisdiction and their ranges of codes. The second step involves calculating the Measures using a statistical software package (see Section 5 below) and providing a report with counts and summary statistics to the product team so that they can cross-reference with the Data Portal’s Measure calculation results and ensure they are accurate. Once the cross-checks are completed, the data are pushed to a private version of the Data Portal.

4.3. External Audits

Outside criminologists with vast experience conducting research in the areas of criminal justice we measure, and in the county or jurisdiction being measured, conduct a thorough audit of the county-level data. We provide external auditors with access to a private version of the Data Portal containing only the data they are to audit. The external auditor examines the data for face validity, focusing on patterns, outliers, and inconsistencies across Measures, filters, and counties. Their reports identify any issues, whether data or interface related, they may have encountered.

The external audit report is then passed on to the RA originally in charge of the data management and onto the Director of Product to address issues related to the Portal’s interface. The RA works in tandem with the supervising senior researcher who carried out the internal audit to fix any problems found by the external auditor. They add an “MFJ Action” to each issue in the report to document how problems were tackled. The report with “MFJ Actions” is then returned to the external auditor for final approval of the solutions devised by MFJ. If the solutions are satisfactory to the external auditor, the data are considered ready for public consumption and redelivered to the tech team following the process described in Section 4.2. If there are any remaining concerns, we continue working on them until we find a solution that is satisfactory.

4.4. Stakeholder Validation

The last step of the data quality control process is validating the county-level Measures with stakeholders including the data providers, and, where possible, from a sample of counties represented in the source data. Once we address any issues raised by the external audits, we provide judges, prosecutors, public defenders, sheriffs, court administrators, and sometimes local researchers (e.g., current and former members of Sentencing Commissions, faculty from local universities) with access to

19 E.g., values outside of the expected range, improper coding, problems with aggregation, erroneous overlaps across categories of two or more variables, etc.



the data from their state in the private Data Portal. These stakeholders review the data for face validity and confirm or reject patterns as they are observed in the Measures. MFJ researchers work with stakeholders to identify and address potential sources of error or additional context to help frame the Measure for the jurisdiction, until they are satisfactorily solved, at which point the data are considered ready for public consumption. However, MFJ acknowledges that additional feedback will continue to trickle in as more people have access to the public data. We are committed to continue working on the Measures and the data to ensure the highest level of accuracy possible given the limitations of the raw data.



5. Measure Calculation

Measures are calculated according to their operational definitions (see Section 5.1. below). The research team writes the criteria for which cases are to be included in the calculation of the Measure (i.e., in the numerator and denominator of percentage measures, or the frequency distribution from which summary statistics should be drawn for median measures) and the tech team turns them into algorithms to produce the county-level Measures from the case-level data. Procedures are in place (see Section 4.2.) to ensure that the algorithm captures all criteria and produces an accurate result.

Although the specific criteria vary by Measure (see Section 5.1. below), all calculations exclude cases coded as “Not Applicable” and cases with missing values in the variables needed to create the Measure. Case type exclusions are reported in the informational section of all Measures in the Data Portal. In addition, data tables show the percentage of cases with missing data in the “anchor” variable and the percentage of cases with missing data on any of the factors needed for inclusion in the Measure. For example, the Measure “Nonviolent Misdemeanors with Nonmonetary Release (ROR)” excludes cases declined for prosecution; open cases or cases with unknown disposition at the time of data extraction; cases transferred to another jurisdiction; cases filed in the first three years of the study period; felonies; violent misdemeanors; and cases involving defendants with convictions in the prior three years. The “anchor” variable is Pretrial Release Decision, therefore, the Measure also excludes any cases for which the pretrial decision was missing. Furthermore, for a case to be included in the calculation of the Measure, we need to know the offense type – to ensure that only cases that had exclusively nonviolent charges are included – and the offense severity – to ensure that only cases that had exclusively misdemeanor charges are included – for all charges. Consequently, cases that are missing offense type or offense severity are excluded from the measure calculation.

All Measures are calculated at the county-level – because charging, disposition, and sentencing decisions take place at this level – and estimated using multiple years of data (five years for most Measures, and two years for those that require controlling for prior or future convictions) to increase the number of cases included in the analysis. This is particularly important for smaller jurisdictions that may have few criminal cases on an annual basis and would thus be excluded from the more fine-grained measurement due to small sample sizes (see below).

Moreover, because small samples can produce misleading estimates of percentages20 and medians21, we include a jurisdiction in any given Measure only when there were at least 30 cases22 from which to draw.

In addition, suggestions to explore the current Measure with another related Measure (e.g., we recommend users explore “Cases Not Prosecuted” together with “Cases Dismissed”), and companion Measures that offer supplementary information (e.g., “Felony Cases Disposed of within 180 Days” is accompanied by “Median Time to Disposition for Felonies”) are provided as well.

20 For example, two cases with pretrial release revocation out of four cases with pretrial release would yield a rather high revocation rate of 50%17 Include: county, case docket number, offense date, filing date, disposition date, defendant’s name and DOB (or unique anonymized identifier that identifies a defendant across cases and counties), charge description, charge degree, charge class severity, charge disposition, sentence type.

21 For instance, if defendants were mandated to pay court fees in only five cases and the distribution of fees is rather wide – $50, $100, $500, $6,000, $10,000 – the median – $500 – may not be representative of the larger pattern.

22 A minimum sample size of 30 cases is a rule of thumb used in bivariate statistics.

5. MEASU R E CA LCU LATION


Finally, users are able to compare the results on a single Measure for a given county across multiple data cohorts (i.e., cohort 1: 2009-2013; cohort 2: 2011-2015; cohort 3: 2013-2017; cohort 4: 2015-2019) and see how patterns may have changed over time.

5.1. The Measures

This section provides a short definition and operationalization for each Measure. Our Data Portal offers more in-depth definitions and context.

# MEASURE SHORT DEFINITION OPERATIONALIZATION EXCLUSIONS

1Non-Custodial Promise to Appear Instead of Custodial Arrest

Measures the percentage of nonviolent misdemeanors for which the police issued a non-custodial promise to appear (often called citation, appearance ticket, notice to appear, or summons, depending on the jurisdiction) instead of making a custodial arrest.

Number of nonviolent misdemeanors receiving non-custodial promises to appear divided by the total number of nonviolent misdemeanors receiving a non-custodial promise to appear or a custodial arrest referred to the prosecutor's office.

Felonies, violent misdemeanors, and misdemeanor DUI referrals. Referrals initiated by a sworn complaint or any other action not involving a direct interaction between a law enforcement officer and a suspect.

2 Cases Not Prosecuted23 24

Measures the percentage of cases referred to the prosecutor's office by law enforcement or by a complainant for which prosecution was declined.25

Number of cases referred to the prosecutor for which prosecution was declined divided by number of cases referred to the prosecutor.

Cases transferred to another jurisdiction.

3 Time to Initial Appearance

Measures the median26 number of days between arrest and initial appearance.27

Middle point in the distribution of days between arrest and initial appearance.

Cases declined for prosecution, and cases transferred to another jurisdiction.

23 Information on the percentage of “Cases Resulting in Conviction” is also provided.

24 We recommend users explore this Measure together with “Cases Dismissed.”

25 Includes only cases for which charges were formally referred to the prosecutor.

26 The median is the middle point of a distribution. This means that 50% of cases fall above and 50% of cases fall below the median score.

27 When using the term “initial appearance,” we are referring to the first appearance in court when defendants learn about the charges against them and their legal rights. However, terminology varies across states. “Arraignment” is another term commonly used to refer to the initial appearance.




4Nonviolent Misdemeanor Cases with Nonmonetary Release (ROR) 28 29 30 31

Measures the percentage of cases with nonmonetary release32 that involved only nonviolent33 misdemeanor charges and defendants who did not have convictions in that state within the prior three years.34

Number of cases with nonmonetary release that involved only nonviolent misdemeanor charges and defendants who did not have convictions in that state in the prior three years divided by number of cases that involved only nonviolent misdemeanor charges and defendants who did not have convictions in that state in the prior three years.

Cases declined for prosecution; cases transferred to another jurisdiction; cases filed in the last two years of the cohort; felonies; violent misdemeanors; and cases involving defendants with convictions in the prior three years.

28 Information on the percentage of “Nonviolent Felony Cases with Nonmonetary Release (ROR)” is also provided.

29 Information on the percentage of “Nonviolent Misdemeanor Cases with Monetary Bail” is also provided.

30 Information on the percentage of “Nonviolent Felony Cases with Monetary Bail” is also provided.

31 We recommend users explore this Measure together with “Failure to Pay Low Monetary Bail,” “Monetary Bail Reductions,” and “Pretrial Release Violations.”

32 Includes release on recognizance with unsecured financial conditions.

33 We use a modified version of the offense classification system devised by the Bureau of Justice Statistics for its National Corrections Reporting Program. Violent offenses include: murder, unspecified homicide, voluntary/non-negligent manslaughter, manslaughter - non-vehicular, kidnapping, rape - force, rape - statutory - no force, lewd act with children, sexual assault - other, human trafficking, armed robbery, unarmed robbery, aggravated assault, assaulting public officer, child abuse, simple assault, blackmail/extortion/intimidation, hit and run driving with bodily injury, and violent offense - other. Nonviolent offenses are defined as any other offenses not included in this list. The full BJS NCRP offense crosswalk is available on the [NACJD website](http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/content/NACJD/guides/ncrp.html). Archived [here](https://perma.cc/3YXQ-VCLX).

34 Pretrial diversion, pretrial release, and sentencing decisions take into account all the prior convictions in a defendant’s criminal history. However, due to the difficulty of collecting data on prior records across all states, “prior convictions” in this measure refer only to those recorded in the court data, within the same state, and in the prior three years.


http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/content/NACJD/guides/ncrp.html

https://perma.cc/3YXQ-VCLX



5Failure to Pay Low Monetary Bail 35 36 37 38 39 40

Measures the percentage of cases involving defendants who failed to pay monetary bail amounts equivalent to $500 or less.41

Number of cases involving defendants who failed to pay monetary bail equivalent to $500 or less divided by total number of cases involving defendants who failed to pay monetary bail.

Cases declined for prosecution; cases transferred to another jurisdiction; cases involving defendants released on recognizance or because they paid monetary bail; and cases involving defendants held in jail without the possibility of monetary bail.




38 Information on the percentage of “Cases with Monetary Bail Equivalent to $500 or Less” is also provided.

39 Information on “Monetary Bail Amount” is also provided.

40 We recommend users explore this Measure together with “Nonviolent Misdemeanor Cases with Nonmonetary Release (ROR),” “Monetary Bail Reductions,” and “Pretrial Release Violations.”

41 Many jurisdictions allow defendants to post a fraction, usually 10%, of the total monetary bail amount imposed. This is taken into account in the calculation of the Measure, whenever the information is available. Therefore, the Measure is calculated based on the amount defendants would have to post to be released.




6Pretrial Diversion of Nonviolent Misdemeanors 42 43

Measures the percentage of nonviolent44 misdemeanor cases that were diverted from traditional case processing where the defendant did not have any convictions in that state within the prior three years.45 46

Number of cases with pretrial diversion that had only nonviolent misdemeanor charges and involved defendants without convictions in that state in the prior three years divided by the number of cases with only nonviolent misdemeanor charges involving defendants without convictions in that state in the prior three years.47

Cases declined for prosecution; cases transferred to another jurisdiction; open cases or cases with unknown disposition at the time of data extraction; cases disposed of in the first three years of the cohort; felonies; violent misdemeanors; cases involving defendants with convictions in the prior three years; and post-conviction diversions.

7Monetary Bail Reductions 48

49 50 51 52

Measures the percentage of cases with monetary bail imposed that received a reduction (either as a reduction in the monetary conditions or a reduction to release on recognizance).

Number of cases where monetary bail was not posted that had a bail reduction divided by number of cases where monetary bail was not posted.

Cases declined for prosecution; cases transferred to another jurisdiction; cases involving defendants released on recognizance or because they paid monetary bail; and cases involving defendants held in jail without the possibility of monetary bail.

42 Information on the percentage of “Pretrial Diversion of Nonviolent Felonies” is also provided.

43 Information on the percentage of “Misdemeanor Cases” is also provided.


45 Based only on cases resolved in 2012-2013 to control for prior pretrial diversion cases that might have been expunged during the study period.

46 Many jurisdictions use risk assessment tools to aid the judge in the pretrial release decision-making process.

47 Includes only diversions that took place before case disposition. However, pre-charge diversions may not be captured in the court data.





52 We recommend users explore this Measure together with “Nonviolent Misdemeanor Cases with Nonmonetary Release (ROR),” “Failure to Pay Low Monetary Bail,” and “Pretrial Release Violations.”






8Pretrial Release Violations 53

54 55 56 57

Measures the percentage of cases in which defendants who were released on their own recognizance or on paid monetary bail had one or more recorded instances of violating any condition of release.

Number of cases where the defendant was released on ROR or on monetary bail and had one or more recorded instances of violating any pretrial release condition divided by total number of cases where the defendant was released on ROR or on monetary bail.

Cases declined for prosecution; cases transferred to another jurisdiction; and cases involving defendants held in jail without the possibility of monetary bail or because they failed to pay monetary bail.

9Jail Capacity Utilization 58

59 60 61

Measures the average daily jail population per jail capacity of the county's facility with the most annual admissions that reported to the BJS Census of Jails in 2013.

Average daily number of jail inmates in 2013 divided by number of jail beds.62

Jail beds located in separate temporary holding areas.





57 We recommend users explore this Measure together with “Nonviolent Misdemeanor Cases with Nonmonetary Release (ROR)” and “Monetary Bail Reductions.”

58 Information on the percentage of “Pretrial Jail Population” is also provided.

59 Information on the percentage of “Pre-sentence Jail Population” is also provided.

60 Information on the percentage of “Post-sentence Jail Population” is also provided.

61 Information on “Jail Name” is also provided.

62 The number of jail beds refers to rated jail beds, which is defined by the Bureau of Justice Statistics as the “maximum number of beds assigned by a rating official to a facility, excluding separate temporary holding areas.” (Minton, T.D. & Z. Zeng (2016). [Jail Inmates in 2015.](https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/ji15.pdf). Archived [here](https://perma.cc/3UFU-45MN). Washington, D.C.: Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, p.2. )


https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/ji15.pdf

https://perma.cc/3UFU-45MN

https://perma.cc/3UFU-45MN



10Guilty Plea without Attorney in Misdemeanor Cases 63 64

Measures the percentage of misdemeanor cases in which defendants entered a guilty plea without retained or appointed legal counsel.65

Number of misdemeanor cases in which defendants entered a guilty plea without retained or appointed legal counsel divided by number of misdemeanor cases with a guilty plea.

Felonies; cases declined for prosecution; open cases or cases with unknown disposition at the time of data extraction; cases with pretrial diversion; cases dismissed; cases where the defendant was acquitted at trial; cases where the defendant was found guilty at trial; cases where the defendant was guilty but the method of disposition (i.e. plea or trial) is unknown; and cases transferred to another jurisdiction.

11Felony Cases Resolved with a Trial Verdict 66

Measures the percentage of felony cases resolved at trial.67

Number of felony cases resolved with a trial verdict divided by number of felonies resolved at trial or by guilty plea.

Misdemeanors; cases declined for prosecution; open cases or cases with unknown disposition at the time of data extraction; cases with pretrial diversion; cases dismissed; cases where the defendant was guilty but the method of disposition (i.e. plea or trial) is unknown; and cases transferred to another jurisdiction.

12 Cases Dismissed 68 69Measures the percentage of cases filed in court that were dismissed.70

Number of cases dismissed divided by number of cases filed in court by the prosecutor.

Cases declined for prosecution, open cases or cases with unknown disposition at the time of data extraction, cases transferred to another jurisdiction.

63 Information on the percentage of “Convictions with Unknown Disposition Method” is also provided.


65 Legal counsel may be privately retained, appointed by the court, or fully waived by the defendant.


67 Includes both jury and nonjury (also referred to as bench) trials.


69 We recommend users explore this Measure together with “Cases Not Prosecuted.”

70 Dismissals that took place before charging are not captured by the data.




13Nonviolent Felonies Sentenced to Prison 71

Measures the percentage of nonviolent72 felony convictions that resulted in a prison sentence involving a defendant with no convictions in that state in the prior three years73.74

Number of nonviolent felony convictions involving a defendant with no convictions in that state in the prior three years that resulted in a prison sentence divided by number of nonviolent felony convictions involving a defendant with no convictions in that state in the prior three years.

Misdemeanors; violent felonies; cases filed in the first three years of the cohort; cases declined for prosecution; open cases or cases with unknown disposition at the time of data extraction; cases dismissed; cases with pretrial diversion; cases where the defendant was acquitted at trial; cases transferred to another jurisdiction; cases involving defendants with convictions in the prior three years; cases for which the defendant could not receive probation; and cases where the defendant was sentenced to prison but received time served credit for the full length of the prison sentence imposed.

71 We recommend users explore this Measure together with “Length of Imposed Prison Sentence: Nonviolent Felonies” and “Nonviolent Misdemeanors Sentenced to Jail.”



74 Includes split sentences (also referred to as bifurcated sentences or extended supervision).






14Length of Imposed Prison Sentence: Nonviolent Felonies 75

Measures the median76 prison sentence length (in months) imposed for nonviolent77 felony cases for which the defendant did not have convictions in the prior three years.78 79 80

Middle point in the distribution of prison sentences (in months) imposed on nonviolent felony cases where the defendant did not have a conviction in that state in the prior three years.

Misdemeanors; violent felonies; cases filed in the first three years of the cohort; cases declined for prosecution; open cases or cases with unknown disposition at the time of data extraction; cases dismissed; cases with pretrial diversion; cases where the defendant was acquitted at trial; cases transferred to another jurisdiction; cases involving defendants with convictions in the prior three years; cases where the most severe sentence did not include prison; cases for which the defendant could not receive probation; and cases where the defendant was sentenced to prison but received time served credit for the full length of the prison sentence imposed.

75 We recommend users explore this Measure together with “Nonviolent Felonies Sentenced to Prison” and “Length of Imposed Jail Sentence: Nonviolent Misdemeanors.”




79 Includes the prison portion of split sentences (also referred to as bifurcated sentence or extended supervision).

80 Sentences to life in prison were coded as receiving a 1200-month (or 100-year) term.






15Nonviolent Misdemeanors Sentenced to Jail 81

Measures the percentage of nonviolent82 misdemeanor convictions that resulted in a jail sentence involving a defendant with no convictions in that state in the prior three years.83 84

Number of nonviolent misdemeanor convictions involving a defendant with no convictions in that state in the prior three years that resulted in a jail sentence divided by number of nonviolent misdemeanor convictions involving a defendant with no convictions in that state in the prior three years.

Felonies; violent misdemeanors; cases filed in the first three years of the cohort; cases declined for prosecution; open cases or cases with unknown disposition at the time of data extraction; cases dismissed; cases with pretrial diversion; cases where the defendant was acquitted at trial; cases transferred to another jurisdiction; cases involving defendants with convictions in the prior three years; cases where the defendant was sentenced to jail but received time served credit for the full length of the jail sentence imposed; and probation holds where the data allow for their identification.

81 We recommend users explore this Measure together with “Length of Imposed Jail Sentence: Nonviolent Misdemeanors” and “Nonviolent Felonies Sentenced to Prison.”



84 Includes split sentences (also referred to as bifurcated sentence or extended supervision).






16Length of Imposed Jail Sentence: Nonviolent Misdemeanors 85

Measures the median86 jail sentence length (in days) imposed on nonviolent87 misdemeanor cases for which the defendant did not have convictions in the prior three years.88 89

Middle point in the distribution of jail sentence lengths (in days) imposed on nonviolent misdemeanor cases where the defendant did not have convictions in that state in the prior three years.

Felonies; violent misdemeanors; cases filed in the first three years of the cohort; cases declined for prosecution; open cases or cases with unknown disposition at the time of data extraction; cases dismissed; cases with pretrial diversion; cases where the defendant was acquitted at trial; cases transferred to another jurisdiction; cases involving defendants with convictions in the prior three years; cases where the most severe sentence did not include jail; and cases where the defendant was sentenced to jail but received time served credit for the full length of the jail sentence imposed.

85 We recommend users explore this Measure together with “Nonviolent Misdemeanors Sentenced to Jail.”




89 Includes the jail portion of split sentences (also referred to as bifurcated sentence or extended supervision).






17Drug Possession Convictions Sentenced to Prison 90 91

Measures the percentage of drug possession cases that received a prison sentence involving defendants who had no convictions in that state in the prior three years.92 93 94

Number of drug possession convictions involving defendants with no convictions in that state in the prior three years that received a prison sentence divided by number of drug possession convictions involving defendants with no convictions in that state in the prior three years.

Cases for which the top conviction charge was not drug possession; cases for which the top conviction charge was possession with intent to sell or distribute; cases filed in the first three years of the cohort; cases declined for prosecution; open cases or cases with unknown disposition at the time of data extraction; cases dismissed; cases with pretrial diversion; cases where the defendant was acquitted at trial; cases transferred to another jurisdiction; cases involving defendants with convictions in the prior three years; cases for which the defendant could not receive probation; and cases where the defendant was sentenced to prison but received time served credit for the full length of the prison sentence imposed.

90 Information on “Drug Courts” is also provided.

91 We recommend users explore this Measure together with “Drug Possession Convictions Sentenced to Jail.”



94 Drug possession is defined as simple possession and it excludes possession with intent to sell or distribute.




18Court Fees and Fines 95 96 97

98 99

Measures the median100 amount of court fees and fines assessed to convicted defendants in.101

Middle point in the distribution of the amount of court fees and fines assessed to convicted defendants.

Cases declined for prosecution; open cases or cases with unknown disposition at the time of data extraction; cases dismissed; cases with pretrial diversion; cases where the defendant was acquitted at trial; cases transferred to another jurisdiction; cases where the defendant was not ordered to pay court fees or fines; and cases where the defendant was ordered to pay court fees or fines but those fees or fines were waived or adjusted to 0.

95 Information on the percentage of “Convicted Defendants with Court Fees and Fines” is also provided.

96 Information on “Court Fees” is also provided.

97 Information on “Fines” is also provided.


99 We recommend users explore this Measure together with “Failure to Pay Court Fees and Fines.”


101 This Measure does not account for surcharges not included in the total court fees and fines assessment provided by the source.




19Failure to Pay Court Fees and Fines 102 103 104

Measures the percentage of convictions where the defendant was mandated to pay court fees and fines and failed to do so.105

Number of convictions where the defendant was mandated to pay court fees and fines and failed to do so divided by number of convictions with court fees and fines.

Cases declined for prosecution; open cases or cases with unknown disposition at the time of data extraction; cases dismissed; cases with pretrial diversion; cases where the defendant was acquitted at trial; cases transferred to another jurisdiction; cases where the defendant was not ordered to pay court fees or fines and cases where the defendant was ordered to pay court fees or fines but those fees or fines were waived or adjusted to 0.

20Reconviction Rate: Probation 106

Measures the percentage of cases in which individuals who were sentenced to probation and had a new conviction in the same state within three years.107

Number of defendants sentenced to probation and who were convicted of a new offense in the same state within three years divided by number of defendants sentenced to probation.

Cases declined for prosecution; open cases or cases with unknown disposition at the time of data extraction; cases dismissed; cases with pretrial diversion; cases where the defendant was acquitted at trial; cases transferred to another jurisdiction; cases sentenced in the last three years of the cohort; cases where the most severe sentence was a split sentence; and cases where the most severe sentence was not probation.

102 Information on the percentage of “Convicted Defendants with Court Fees and Fines” is also provided.


104 We recommend users explore this Measure together with “Court Fees and Fines.”

105 Courts often offer payment plans so that convicted defendants can pay their court fees in multiple installments. As such, failure to pay is defined as not having made any payments to the court as of the date of data extraction. Since payment plans could take a few months to enter into effect, we excluded cases that were convicted within three months of data extraction.

106 We recommend users explore this Measure together with “Probation Technical Revocations.”

107 Defendants are counted in the county where their case was filed.




21Probation Technical Revocations 108

Measures the percentage of - cases in which probationers had their probation revoked for technical reasons not related to a new offense.

Number of defendants sentenced to one to two years' probation who had probation revoked due to technical violations divided by number of defendants sentenced to one to two years' probation.

Cases declined for prosecution; open cases or cases with unknown disposition at the time of data extraction; cases dismissed; cases with pretrial diversion; cases where the defendant was acquitted at trial; cases transferred to another jurisdiction; cases where the most severe sentence was not probation; and cases with a sentence of less than one year or more than two years' probation.

22 Reconviction Rate: Prison

Measures the percentage of cases in which individuals who were released from prison had a new conviction within three years of release.

Number of individuals released from prison who were convicted of a new offense within three years divided by total number of individuals released from prison.

None.

23Driver's License Suspension 109 110

Measures the percentage of cases with a driver's license revocation or suspension sentence111 and that did not involve DUI, drugs, or criminal traffic charges.

Number of cases for which driver's license was revoked or suspended for offenses other than DUI, drugs, and criminal traffic divided by the total number of cases where driver's license was revoked or suspended.

Cases declined for prosecution; open cases or cases with unknown disposition at the time of data extraction; cases dismissed; cases with pretrial diversion; cases where the defendant was acquitted at trial; cases transferred to another jurisdiction; and cases where the sentence did not include the revocation or suspension of the defendant's driver license.

108 We recommend users explore this Measure together with “Reconviction Rate: Probation.”


110 We recommend users explore this Measure together with “Average Commute Minutes.”

111 This also includes sentencing provisions such as “ordered not to drive.”




24Drug Possession Convictions Sentenced to Jail 112 113

Measures the percentage of drug possession cases that received a jail sentence involving defendants with no convictions in that state in the prior three years.114 115 116

Number of drug possession convictions involving defendants with no convictions in that state in the prior three years that received a jail sentence divided by number of drug possession convictions involving defendants with no convictions in that state in the prior three years.

Cases for which the top conviction charge was not drug possession; cases for which the top conviction charge was possession with intent to sell or distribute; cases filed in the first three years of the cohort; cases declined for prosecution; open cases or cases with unknown disposition at the time of data extraction; cases dismissed; cases with pretrial diversion; cases where the defendant was acquitted at trial; cases transferred to another jurisdiction; cases involving defendants with convictions in the prior three years; and cases where the defendant was sentenced to jail but received time served credit for the full length of the jail sentence imposed.

25Time to Disposition for Felonies 117 118

Measures the median number of days from case filing to case closure for felonies.

Middle point in the distribution of days from case filing to closure for all felony cases.

Misdemeanors, homicides, cases declined for prosecution, open cases or cases with unknown disposition at the time of data extraction, and cases transferred to another jurisdiction.

112 Information on “Drug Courts” is also provided.

113 We recommend users explore this Measure together with “Drug Possession Convictions Sentenced to Prison.”



116 Drug possession is defined as simple possession and it excludes possession with intent to sell or distribute.

117 Information on the percentage of “Felony Cases Resolved within 180 Days” is also provided.





26Time to Disposition for Misdemeanors 119 120

Measures the median number of days from case filing to case closure for misdemeanors.

Middle point in the distribution of days from case filing to closure for all misdemeanor cases.

Felonies, cases declined for prosecution, open cases or cases with unknown disposition at the time of data extraction, and cases transferred to another jurisdiction.

5.2. Filters

MFJ’s Data Portal offers the option to explore most Measures121 by defendant, victim, and case characteristics, including race/ethnicity, indigent status, sex, age group, state-specific offense severity, standardized offense severity, offense type, attorney type, court type where the case was disposed of (only for jurisdictions with two-tiered court systems), whether the case involved domestic abuse, and drug type. These filters are factors identified in the criminological literature as being associated with case processing and disposition outcomes.

5.3. Disparities

One of the most powerful features of the Portal is the ability it gives users to explore Measures by racial disparity, indigent status disparity, and sex disparity, all of which have been shown by research to occur throughout the charging, pretrial release, case disposition, and sentencing decision-making process.

We calculate disparities as the relative ratio of outcomes for two groups. It is important to note that we do not calculate disparities by looking at the disproportionate representation of one group in the criminal justice system compared to their representation in the general population (e.g., the percentage of defendants of color in the system compared to the percentage of people of color in the general population). The disproportionality approach requires controlling for risk because not everybody in, for instance, communities of color has the same probability of contact with the criminal justice system. We prefer to estimate disparities once the individual has already entered the criminal justice system because this allows us to focus on the equal (or disparate) treatment of defendants of different backgrounds by the system.

The relative disparity rate, also known as Relative Rate Index or RRI, compares the treatment of two groups (i.e., whites defendants and defendants of color; indigent and non-indigent defendants; males and females) by dividing the highest within-group score by the score of the other group. For example, in County A, 6% of white defendants were diverted pretrial compared to 1% of defendants of color. In this case, we divide the diversion rate for whites (the highest score) by the diversion rate for defendants of color. The result shows that, in County A, white defendants were diverted pretrial more often than defendants of


120 We recommend users explore this Measure together with “Time to Disposition for Misdemeanors.”

121 Only Measures created from case-level data can be filtered. Measures created from aggregate county-level data cannot be filtered.



color by a ratio of 6 to 1. By contrast, in County B, the diversion rate was 2% for whites and 3% for defendants of color. Here we divide the diversion rate for defendants of color by the rate for white defendants, showing that, in County B, defendants of color were diverted pretrial more often than white defendants by a ratio of 1.5 to 1. Thus the relative disparity rate allows us to present information on how often defendants belonging to a group may have been affected (positively or negatively) by a criminal justice practice compared to defendants from the other group. A relative disparity equals to 1 indicates that there is no disparity in outcomes between the two groups.

Disparities are not calculated when there are fewer than four cases in the denominator of the rate for either group to avoid inflated standard errors. We also test and note the statistical and substantive significance of disparities. Disparities that are neither statistically nor substantively significant are suppressed from publication.

5 .3 .1 . STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE

We estimate confidence intervals to test whether the disparity in outcomes for the two groups is beyond what could be expected by random chance. In this sense, statistical significance provides information about the precision and certainty of the measurement. Statistically significant disparities are noted with an asterisk (*).

We compute two types of confidence intervals, one for percentage disparities and one for median disparities, using the Price-Bonnett (2002) calculation.122 For percentage disparity calculations, we calculate the standard error (SE) of the disparity, where A and B represent the numerators for Groups 1 and 2, and C and D represent the denominators.

We then compute the natural log of the lower limit (LL) and upper limit (UL) of the disparities using the standard error, and exponentiate the log limits to get the correct confidence interval.

Confidence intervals for disparities in median measures requires the creation of a subset of case files used to calculate the measure, and a recording of the number of case files for the group (nj) and the median for the group (mj). Using these values, the following steps are applied:

122 Price, R.M., & Bonett, D.G. (2002). Distribution-free confidence intervals for difference and ratio of medians. Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation, 72(2), 119-124. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00949650212140.


http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00949650212140


Using these results, we compute the variance estimates for the natural log of each group median, denoted Var(M*j), find the standard error (SE), and compute the confidence interval upper and lower limits.

In both percentage and median disparities, the confidence interval size is the ratio of the UL to LL, and determines whether or not the disparity estimates are sufficiently accurate to publish. If the size of the confidence interval is larger than 5, values are suppressed.

5 .3 . 2 . SUBSTANTIVE SIGNIFICANCE

Because statistical significance is affected by sample size (i.e., inferential tests are more likely to result in statistical significance with very large samples), we also evaluate whether the size of the disparity itself merits attention irrespective of statistical significance. Disparities equal to or greater than 1.05 (the equivalent of one group having 5 percent higher probability of getting the outcome as the other group) are considered substantively significant and attempts should be made to understand and address them.

5 .3 .3 . PRECISION IN THE ESTIMATION OF DISPARITIES

The precision of the relative disparity rate depends largely on whether the source properly recorded the information necessary to determine whether a defendant belongs to a particular group. This issue is especially thorny when estimating racial disparities. Indeed, there is no consistent way in which criminal justice agencies collect race and ethnicity information. Some agencies may ask defendants to self-report the racial and ethnic group to which they belong. This method yields the most precise group assignment. However, many other agencies rely on the perception of the arresting or intake officer to assign a racial or ethnic group to a defendant. This method is likely to produce biased group assignments. Furthermore, even when they collect data on the race of the defendant, many agencies do not collect ethnicity information. As a result, Hispanics or Latinos are likely categorized as white or African American, which reduces the precision of our racial disparity estimates.

Additionally, small sample sizes in the numerators and denominators involved in the calculation of disparities may also affect the precision of the estimate. Indeed, sample sizes of fewer than four cases in the numerator or denominator of either of the two groups being compared will yield high standard errors (i.e., standard errors greater than half the size of the disparity score). To avoid presenting estimates with inflated standard errors, we suppress disparity rates for any jurisdiction where the number of cases is below four in the numerator or denominator of either group.

5.4. Outliers

We use a standard approach for calculating outliers. A county is flagged as an outlier when its value for a Measure or disparity estimate is a large distance from the values of all other counties in the state, and are classified into minor and major based



on the magnitude of this distance. The magnitude is calculated using the interquartile range (IQR), which is the difference between the 75th (Q3) and the 25th (Q1) percentiles.

5 .4 .1 . MINOR OUTLIERS

Minor outliers are values that fall below Q1 or above Q3 by 1.5 times the IQR.

< Q1 - (1.5 x IQR) or > Q3 + (1.5 x IQR)

5 .4 . 2 . MAJOR OUTLIERS

Major outliers are values that fall below Q1 or above Q3 by 3 times the IQR.

< Q1 - (3 x IQR) or > Q3 + (3 x IQR)

5.5. Publication and Suppression Rules

We publish county-level results on a performance measure only when they conform to the following rules:

1. State Averages: The counties with available data must represent 50 percent or more of the state’s population for the state averages to be published.

2. Number of Cases: At least 30 cases are needed to generate any performance measure. Performance measures for counties with fewer than 30 cases in the denominator of percentage measures or in the pool to calculate median measures are suppressed from publication. Once measures have been filtered by groups (e.g., across race categories), the results are suppressed for groups containing fewer than five cases.

3. Missingness: The maximum permissible percentage of cases with missing values for any given measure is 10 percent. Performance measures for counties with more than 10 percent of cases missing values in the numerator of percentage measures or in the pool to calculate median measures are suppressed from publication. In addition, performance measures for counties with more than five percent and up to 10 percent of cases with missing values display a “high missing rate” warning.

4. Missigness Bias: We use statistical simulations to estimate the amount of bias that may result from missing data. The bias depends both on the percentage of missing data and the actual value of the measure being estimated. For example, in a county where the pretrial diversion rate is low (e.g., three percent) and there is a considerable proportion of cases missing data (e.g., seven percent), the estimate of the pretrial diversion rate could be inaccurate. Bias is estimated as a function of the Measure value (V) and the percentage of missing data (M).

Whenever the measure value and the percentage of missing data suggest a level of bias greater than five percent, we suppress the data from publication.



5 .5 .1 . PORTAL WARNINGS

The Portal will give the user a warning in the following circumstances:

1. Missing > 5%: Between 5% and 10% of cases are missing data in the “anchor” variable. The Measure will be calculated for the county and the data will be shown in all visualizations, and tables, but the user will be encouraged to use caution when interpreting the data under these conditions.

2. Missing > 10%: More than 10% of cases are missing data in the “anchor” variable. The Measure will not be calculated or visualized.

3. Missingness Bias: The estimate could be biased because the percentage of missing values is high relative to the measure score. The Measure will not be calculated or visualized.

4. Insufficient Cases: There were fewer than 30 cases in the pool from which the Measure was to be derived. This warning will also appear when there are fewer than four cases in the numerator or denominator of a disparity ratio. The Measure will not be calculated or visualized.

5. Undefined: The disparity could not be calculated because one of the group values was equal to zero.

6. Estimated disparity is statistically and substantively significant: This warning will appear when the disparity is statistically (the value will also be marked with an asterisk (*)) and substantively (disparity >= 1.05) significant.

7. Estimated disparity is statistically but not substantively significant: This warning will appear when the disparity is statistically (the value will also be marked with an asterisk (*)) but not substantively (disparity < 1.05) significant.

8. Estimated disparity is not statistically significant but it is substantively significant: This warning will appear when the disparity is substantively (disparity >= 1.05) but not substantively significant.

9. Not significant: This warning will appear when the estimated disparity is neither statistically not substantively significant.

10. No disparity: This warning will appear when the relative ratio equals 1, indicating that there is no disparity in outcomes between the two groups.

11. Data Not Available Yet: Data collection or data management is still underway for the jurisdiction selected, data were not usable, or the corresponding agency within the jurisdiction selected declined to provide data.

5.6. Context

Besides allowing users to assess the performance of a county across a number of metrics, the goal of the Data Portal is to allow for county comparisons, as well, so that best practices can be identified and potentially replicated. In order to make valid comparisons, certain county characteristics must be taken into account. For instance, two urban counties with similar population sizes make for a better comparison than a large urban county being compared to a small rural jurisdiction. Moreover, since laws differ across states, and practices and policies vary across counties even within the same state, we provide the user with additional contextual data to guide interpretation and comparisons.



5 .3 .1 . CONTEXTUAL MEASURES

We collect data from the Census Bureau, the FBI’s Uniform Crime Reports, and other sources to offer the user the ability to contextualize our criminal justice performance Measures according to population, crime, criminal justice resources, poverty, and other county characteristics.

Data from the US Decennial Census and the American Community Survey are downloaded from the Census Data API123

using a Census Scraping Tool developed by MFJ. The table below lists all contextual measures available to the Data Portal user.

# MEASURE SHORT DEFINITION OPERATIONALIZATION SOURCE

POPULATION

1 Population Measures the total population of the jurisdiction.

Number of people residing in the jurisdiction. Varies by state.

2 Urban PopulationMeasures the percentage of residents living in urban areas.124

Number of residents living in urban areas divided by the total population of the jurisdiction.125

Varies by state.

3 Rural PopulationMeasures the percentage of residents living in rural areas.126

Number of residents living in rural areas divided by the total population of the jurisdiction.127

Varies by state.

4 White Population

Measures the percentage of residents who identify their race/ethnicity as non-Hispanic, white.

Number of residents who identify as non-Hispanic, white divided by the total population of the jurisdiction.

Varies by state.

5 African American Population

Measures the percentage of residents who identify their race/ethnicity as non-Hispanic, African-American.

Number of residents who identify as non-Hispanic, African American divided by the total population of the jurisdiction.

Varies by state.

123 See U.S. Census, https://api.census.gov/data.html

124 The Census Bureau defines urban areas as those comprising densely developed territory, encompassing residential, commercial, and other non-residential urban land uses. To be classified as an urban area, the territory must have at least 2,500 residents, with at least 1,500 residing outside institutional group quarters. (U.S. Department of Commerce (2011). [Federal Register 76(164) Part II:53030.](http://www2.census.gov/geo/pdfs/reference/fedreg/fedregv76n164.pdf). Archived [here](https://perma.cc/B4LQ-R24U). )

125 Estimates of urban and rural populations are provided only from a one-year, representative sample of residents. As such, totals may not add to the exact total population derived from the American Community Survey 5-Year estimate.

126 The Census Bureau defines rural areas as those encompassing all population, housing, and territory not included within an urban area. (U.S. Department of Commerce (2011). [Federal Register 76(164) Part II:53030.](http://www2.census.gov/geo/pdfs/reference/fedreg/fedregv76n164.pdf). Archived [here](https://perma.cc/B4LQ-R24U). )

127 Estimates of urban and rural populations are provided only from a one-year, representative sample of residents. As such, totals may not add to the exact total population derived from the American Community Survey 5-Year estimate.


https://api.census.gov/data.html

http://www2.census.gov/geo/pdfs/reference/fedreg/fedregv76n164.pdf

https://perma.cc/B4LQ-R24U



https://perma.cc/B4LQ-R24U



6Hispanic or Latino Population

Measures the percentage of residents who identify their ethnicity as Hispanic or Latino.

Number of residents who identify as Hispanic or Latino divided by the total population of the jurisdiction.

Varies by state.

7 Native American Population

Measures the percentage of residents who identify their race/ethnicity as American Indian or Alaskan Native.

Number of residents who identify as Native American divided by the total population of the jurisdiction.

Varies by state.

8 Asian Population

Measures the percentage of residents who identify their race/ethnicity as non-Hispanic, Asian.

Number of residents who identify as non-Hispanic, Asian divided by the total population of the jurisdiction.

Varies by state.

9 Other Race Population

Measures the percentage of residents who identify their race/ethnicity as other (includes those identifying as multiracial).

Number of residents who identify as other race/ethnicity divided by the total population of the jurisdiction.

Varies by state.

10 Young Males PopulationMeasures the percentage of residents who are males aged 15 to 24.

Number of residents who are males aged 15 to 24 divided by the total population for the jurisdiction.

Varies by state.

11Largest Municipality Population

The population of the largest municipality in the jurisdiction.

Total number of residents in the largest municipality. Varies by state.

12 Largest MunicipalityThe name of the largest municipality in the jurisdiction.

Municipality name. Varies by state.

CRIME

13 Property Crime Rate

Measures the number of property index crimes reported to law enforcement per 100,000 residents.

Number of property index crimes128 reported to law enforcement divided by the total population of the jurisdiction, multiplied by 100,000.129

Varies by state.

14 Violent Crime Rate

Measures the number of violent index crimes reported to law enforcement per 100,000 residents.

Number of violent index crimes130 reported to law enforcement divided by the total population of the jurisdiction, multiplied by 100,000.131

Varies by state.

128 Property crimes include theft, burglary, robbery, vandalism, and arson.

129 Averaged across four years: 2009-2012.

130 Violent crime comprises four offenses: murder and nonnegligent manslaughter, rape, robbery, and aggravated assault. Violent crimes are defined by the FBI’s Uniform Crime Reporting Program as those offenses that involve force or threat of force.





15Arrest Rate for Property Offenses

Measures the number of arrests for property offenses, per 100,000 residents.

Number of arrests for property offenses132 divided by the total population for the jurisdiction, multiplied by 100,000.133

Varies by state.

16Arrest Rate for Violent Offenses

Measures the number of arrests for violent offenses, per 100,000 residents.

Number of arrests for violent offenses134 divided by the total population for the jurisdiction, multiplied by 100,000.135

Varies by state.

17Clearance Rate for Property Offenses

Measures the percentage of property index crime cases cleared (or closed) by law enforcement.

Number of property index crimes136 cleared 137 138 by law enforcement divided by the total number of property offenses reported to law enforcement.139

Varies by state.

18Clearance Rate for Violent Offenses

Measures the percentage of violent index crime cases cleared (or closed) by law enforcement.

Number of violent index crimes140 cleared141 142 by law enforcement divided by the total number of violent offenses reported to law enforcement.143

Varies by state.






137 The measurement of clearance rates varies by jurisdiction and may sometimes include cases cleared by means other than arrest. [See FBI UCR Website.](https://ucr.fbi.gov/crime-in-the-u.s/2010/crime-in-the-u.s.-2010/clearances). Archived [here](https://perma.cc/ZJT4-PC3T).

138 Clearance rates can be greater than 100% when cases from previous years are “cleared” in the year being measured.



141 The measurement of clearance rates varies by jurisdiction and may sometimes include cases cleared by means other than arrest. [See FBI UCR Website.](https://ucr.fbi.gov/crime-in-the-u.s/2010/crime-in-the-u.s.-2010/clearances). Archived [here](https://perma.cc/ZJT4-PC3T).

142 Clearance rates can be greater than 100% when cases from previous years are “cleared” in the year being measured.



https://ucr.fbi.gov/crime-in-the-u.s/2010/crime-in-the-u.s.-2010/clearances

https://perma.cc/ZJT4-PC3T

https://ucr.fbi.gov/crime-in-the-u.s/2010/crime-in-the-u.s.-2010/clearances

https://perma.cc/ZJT4-PC3T



CRIMINAL JUSTICE RESOURCES

19Number of Criminal Court Judges

Measures the total number of judges, magistrates or their equivalent involved in the processing of criminal cases in the jurisdiction.

Total number of criminal court judges. Varies by state.

20Number of Full-Time Prosecutors

Measures the number of full-time prosecuting attorneys handling criminal cases in the jurisdiction.

Total number of full-time prosecutors for adult criminal cases.

Varies by state.

21Number of Part-Time Prosecutors

Measures the number of part-time prosecuting attorneys handling criminal cases in the jurisdiction.

Total number of part-time prosecutors for adult criminal cases.

Varies by state.

22Number of Full-Time Public Defenders

Measures the number of full-time public defenders for adult criminal cases in the jurisdiction.144

Total number of full-time public defenders for adult criminal cases.

Varies by state.

23Number of Part-Time Public Defenders

Measures the number of part-time public defenders for adult criminal cases in the jurisdiction.145

Total number of part-time public defenders for adult criminal cases.

Varies by state.

24Law Enforcement Agencies Reporting to UCR

Measures the percentage of law enforcement agencies within the jurisdiction reporting index crimes to the FBI's Uniform Crime Reporting Program.

Number of law enforcement agencies reporting to the UCR divided by the total number of law enforcement agencies in the jurisdiction, averaged across four years.

Varies by state.

25Total Number of Law Enforcement Agencies

Measures the total number of law enforcement agencies operating within the jurisdiction.

Number of law enforcement agencies operating within the jurisdiction.146

Varies by state.

26Number of Full-Time Sworn Law Enforcement Officers

Measures the number of full-time sworn law enforcement officers in the jurisdiction.

Number of full-time, sworn law enforcement officers.147 Varies by state.

27Police Officers per 100,000 Residents

Measures the number of full-time sworn police officers per 100,000 residents

Number of full-time sworn police officers divided by the total population of the jurisdiction, multiplied by 100,000.

Varies by state.

144 Some counties may contract with attorneys from the private bar as needed to provide indigent defense, rather than employ public defenders on a permanent basis. These private attorneys are not included in the values for this measure.

145 Some counties may contract with attorneys from the private bar as needed to provide indigent defense, rather than employ public defenders on a permanent basis. These private attorneys are not included in the values for this measure.

146 Totals do not include college and university agencies, airport agencies, or Native American tribal agencies.





POVERTY INDICATORS

28 Median Household IncomeMeasures the median income of households within the jurisdiction.

Middle point in the distribution of income for all households within the jurisdiction.

Varies by state.

29 Unemployment RateMeasures the percentage of residents 16 years old and older who are unemployed.

Number of residents 16 years old and older who are unemployed divided by the number of residents 16 years old and older.

Varies by state.

30 Below Poverty LineMeasures the percentage of residents living below the poverty line.

Number of residents living below the poverty line divided by the total population of the jurisdiction.

Varies by state.

31Single Female-Headed Households with Children

Measures the percentage of households headed by a woman with dependent children under 18.

Number of households headed by a woman with dependent children under 18 divided by the total number of households in the jurisdiction.

Varies by state.

32 High School Graduates

Measures the percentage of residents 18 years old and older who have completed high school.

Number of residents 18 and older who have completed high school divided by the number of residents 18 and older.

Varies by state.

OTHER

33 Total Problem Solving CourtsMeasures the number of problem-solving courts available to a county.

Varies by state.

34 Drug CourtsMeasures the number of specialty drug courts available to a county.

Varies by state.

35 Mental Health CourtsMeasures the number of specialty mental health courts available to a county.

Varies by state.

36 Domestic Violence CourtsMeasures the number of specialty domestic violence courts available to a county.

Varies by state.

37 Hybrid DWI and Drug Courts

Measures the number of specialty hybrid DWI and drug courts available to a county.

Varies by state.

38Other Problem Solving Courts

Measures the number of other specialty courts available to a county (including veterans, tribal, and family courts).

Varies by state.




39Voted Democrat in the presidential election.

Measures the percentage of votes for the Democratic candidate in the presidential election.

Number of votes for the Democratic candidate divided by the total number of votes in the presidential election.

Varies by state.

40Voted Republican in the presidential election.

Measures the percentage of votes for the Republican candidate in the presidential election.

Number of votes for the Republican candidate divided by the total number of votes in the presidential election.

Varies by state.

41 Non-CitizensMeasures the percentage of residents who are not U.S. citizens.

Number of residents who are not U.S. Citizens divided by the total population of the jurisdiction.

Varies by state.

42 Residential Mobility

Measures the percentage of residents who changed their place of residence (within the same jurisdiction or from a different one) in the previous year.

Number of residents who moved to a different place of residence within the previous year divided by the total population for the jurisdiction.

Varies by state.

43 Average Commute MinutesMeasures the average number of minutes residents report commuting to work.

Total number of minutes residents report commuting to work divided by the number of residents in the labor force.

Varies by state.

5 .3 . 2 . LEGAL CONTEXT

The Data Portal allows users to compare Measures across counties from different states. Because each state has its own criminal code and criminal procedure statutes, we collected data from state statutory laws for the study period, focusing on questions relating to pretrial release, indigent defense, sentencing, corrections, and collateral consequences. Questions related to clearing a criminal history include a flag if the laws have changed substantially, and provide current statute citations for user reference. The user will be able to look at the legal context that applies to each specific Measure for each state. When counties from two or more states are being compared, the Data Portal presents the information side by side so that the user can be more informed when interpreting the comparison. For instance, the user may be interested in comparing sentencing-related Measures for counties from two states. The Portal will inform the user that one state uses determinate sentencing policies while the other one uses indeterminate sentencing so that more accurate conclusions can be drawn from the comparison. Users can now also select legal context from multiple states at the same time, irrespective of whether they selected counties from those states to compare. This provides additional flexibility to users interested in comparing statutory law.



6. Measure Visualization

In addition to providing detailed tables with all of the information described in Section 5, MFJ’s Data Portal offers users the ability to visualize the data through heat maps and bar graphs, which allow the user to see the distribution of county values for the whole state at a glance.148 Multiple counties can be selected at the same time to populate the statistical tables by clicking on the jurisdiction’s polygon in the map, on the county’s bar in the graph, or on “Find County” and then typing the county name or a zip code.

6.1. Data Views

The default view shows data for counties whose values are not suppressed. This view includes in the map, bar graph, and table only those counties that had at least 30 cases in the pool from which the Measure was derived and less than 20% of cases with missing data (see Section 5). The counties that don’t meet these criteria are excluded from the visualizations, and the Measure score is not calculated for them.

In addition, in the state view, the user has the option of switching to views that include “Counties with Data,” which shows all counties for which there are data available, even if there are more than 20% of cases with missing information or less than 30 cases in the pool (the Measure score is still not calculated for these counties but the number of cases included in the numerator and denominator that would have made the score are still presented in the table); “All Counties,” which shows all counties within the state even if they don’t have data; and “Selected Counties,” which shows only the counties the user pinned, so that potential noise from other counties can be muted and more precise comparisons can take place.

6.2. Heat Maps

On pages where heat maps are provided, Measures use quintiles to determine the color shade representing the range of values within a group. Counties with scores in the first quintile are depicted in the lightest shade and those with scores in the fifth quintile in the darkest shade. Counties where data are not available or where sample sizes are too small to produce an accurate estimate are colored grey.

Disparity heat maps use sextiles and differentiate the ranges by a green or blue shade depending on the direction of the disparity. When relative disparity scores are equal to one or absolute disparity scores are equal to 0%, meaning there is no disparity between the two groups being compared, the county is colored white.

6.3. Bar Graphs

Where bar graphs for unfiltered Measures are used, they depict each county’s value as a bar located in an X-Y plot. The height of the bar on the Y axis represents the county’s score. By default, counties are sorted with the lowest value on the left side and the highest value on the right side of the X axis.

148 All data are rounded to two decimal points. Data in the county-level csv files that users can download are rounded up to four decimal points.

6. MEASU R E V ISUA LI ZATION


Appendix A. Research Advisory Councils

Data Council

The Data Council, established in 2011, was composed of measurement experts with diverse expertise in the judicial system (experts on the judiciary, the bench, indigent defense, race in the courts, etc.) who helped isolate useful indicators of system performance and from them developed MFJ’s initial set of Measures. Data Council members included:

• Amy Bach - Chief Executive Officer, MFJ, Rochester

• John Chisholm - District Attorney, Milwaukee County

• Derek Coursen - Assistant Vice President, Data Analytics, Jewish Child Care Association, NY

• Gipsy Escobar - Director of Innovation, MFJ, Rochester

• Margaret A. Gressens - Research Director, North Carolina Office of Indigent Defense Services (IDS), Durham, NC

• Ingo Keilitz - Principal, Court Metrics, Williamsburg, VA (former Senior Justice Reform Specialist at the World Bank and former Vice-President of the National Center for State Courts)

• Jim Parsons - Vice President and Research Director, Vera Institute of Justice, New York

• Don Stemen, Council Chair - Associate Professor, and Chairperson, and Director of Sociolegal Studies Minor, Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, Loyola University Chicago

• Valerie West - Assistant Professor, John Jay College, New York

Methods and Measurement Council

The Methods and Measurement Council comprises some of the brightest and most talented people in the field of criminal justice research and measurement who help revise and ratify MFJ’s measures, which were originally developed by MFJ’s Data Council. Current Methods and Measurement Council members include:

• Christopher Fisher - Chief Strategy Officer, Seattle Police Department

• Brian Johnson - Professor, Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Maryland, College Park

• Jim Parsons - Vice President and Research Director, Vera Institute of Justice, New York

• Andres F. Rengifo - Professor, School of Criminal Justice, Rutgers University, Newark

• Jessica Saunders - Director of Research, Council of State Governments Justice Center, Austin

• Don Stemen, Council Chair - Associate Professor,Chairperson, and Director of Sociolegal Studies Minor, Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, Loyola University Chicago

A PPEN DI X A. R ESEA RCH A DV ISORY COU NCILS


• Min Xie - Associate Professor and Director of Graduate Studies, Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Maryland, College Park

Benchmarking Council

The Benchmarking Council is a senior advisory group of well-known and highly respected criminologists, all of whom have had an important impact on criminal justice theory and practice in the past few decades. The group also includes a member who pioneered the field of pain measurement in medicine. The Benchmarking Council vets MFJ’s Measures and methodology, but the main focus of their work is on devising a strategy to develop benchmarks for all of our measures. These benchmarks will allow users to set actionable goals for change in their jurisdictions. Current Benchmarking Council members include:

• Todd Clear, Council Chair - University Professor, School of Criminal Justice, Rutgers University, Newark

• Bob Dworkin - Professor, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester

• Michael Jacobson - Executive Director, Institute for State & Local Governance at the City University of New York

• Jim Lynch - Professor, Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Maryland, College Park (former Director of the Bureau of Justice Statistics)

• Mona Lynch - Professor and Department Chair, Department of Criminology, School of Ecology, University of California, Irvine

• Greg Ridgeway - Associate Professor and Chair, Department of Criminology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (former Director of the National Institute of Justice)

• William Sabol - Professor, Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, Georgia State University, Atlanta (former Director of the Bureau of Justice Statistics)

• Cassia Spohn - Foundation Professor and Director of Graduate Programs, School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Arizona State University, Phoenix

A PPEN DI X A. R ESEA RCH A DV ISORY COU NCILS


Appendix B. Data Elements Collected (by Agency)

Trial Courts (criminal cases only):

• Case information: case docket number, county of case filing, filing date, disposition date, case status (pending, closed, inactive), case level flags (domestic violent, gang, etc.).

• Defendant information: defendant’s name or unique identifier (to track defendant across cases), date of birth (to track defendants across cases, and calculate age), race, sex, zip code, indigent status, primary language.

• Charge information (provided for each charging stage): offense date, arrest date, charge referral date, charge filing date, charge sequence number, charge description, charge statute, charge type (felony, misdemeanor), charge class severity, charge modifiers/enhancers, domestic violence flag, drug type for drug charges, charge disposition (guilty plea, guilty at trial, not guilty at trial, no contest, dismissal, nolle prosequi, deferred prosecution/pretrial diversion, acquittal, extradition, expungement, etc.), charge disposition date, plea date.

• Pretrial release information: pretrial release decision (release on recognizance, cash bond (secured and unsecured), held without bail), custody dates (i.e., booking and release dates), cash bond amount, bond payment (Y/N), bond revocations by type (new offense, failure to appear in court, technical violation).

• Dates of case court events: charges referral date, charges filing date, arraignment date, initial appearance date, bail/bond hearing date, bond setting date, bond adjustments/amendments date, bond posting date, deferred prosecution/pretrial diversion hearing date, deferred/pretrial diversion agreement date, dates for all courts appearances, dates for all failures to appear in court, judicial transfer date, jury trial date, motions (e.g., bond, discovery, speedy trial, to dismiss) dates.

• Defense attorney information: attorney type (retained private, court-appointed private, public defender, pro se), attorney assignment date, attorney name, attorney withdrawal dates.

• Sentence information: sentence date, sentence type (death, life, state prison, extended supervision/split sentence, local jail, probation, fine, restitution, community service, driver’s license suspended/revoked, time served, etc.), sentence length (total sentence imposed, minimum, maximum), sentence conditions (driver’s license suspension/revocation, wages attachment, voting ineligibility), time served credit (Y/N), time served credit length, fine amount, fine amount balance/payment, restitution amount ordered, restitution amount collected by the court, restitution amount paid to victims/survivors.

• Court fees by type: amount assessed, due date, paid/unpaid to date.

• County level data: number of judges, magistrates, court commissioners or their equivalents who see non-appellate, adult criminal cases, annual court budget, number and type of specialized courts.

A PPEN DI X B. DATA ELEMENTS COLLECTED (BY AGENCY)


Prosecutor’s Office:

• Case information: court case number or unique case/defendant identifier that could be linked back to the court data, prosecutor’s office case number, arrest date, referral by law enforcement date, action that initiated the case referral (e.g. arrest, warrant, sworn complaint, citation, etc.), case screening decision date, pretrial diversion or deferred prosecution flag and date.

• Charge information: charge sequence numbers, referred charge description, referred charge statute, referred charge degree and class, case screening decision (e.g., decline to prosecute, prosecute), filed charge description, filed charge statute, filed charge degree and class, charge modifiers, domestic violence flag, charge disposition.

• Prosecutor information: prosecuting unit, prosecuting attorney first and last name, gender, race, and length of tenure with the Prosecutor’s Office.

• Victim information: victim race, gender, age, and relationship to offender (if known).

• County level data: number of full-time and part-time prosecutors who carry non-appellate, adult criminal caseloads, annual office budget, average annual caseload (felony and misdemeanor), caseload limits (felony and misdemeanor).

Public Defender’s Office:

• Case information: court case number or unique case/defendant identifier that could be linked back to the court data, public defender’s office case number, date of first meeting with client, dates of all subsequent meetings with clients, pretrial release/detention status of client.

• Charge information: filed charge description, filed charge severity degree and class, charge and case outcomes.

• Defense Attorney information: attorney type (retained private, court-appointed private attorney, public defender, pro se), attorney assignment dates, attorney withdrawal dates.

• Defendant information: defendant name, date of birth, race, ethnicity, sex, zip code.

• County level data: number of full-time and part-time public defenders who carry adult criminal caseloads, number of contract and panel attorneys representing indigent defendants for the public defender office (by year), annual office budget, average annual caseload (felony and misdemeanor), caseload limits (felony and misdemeanor)

Sheriff’s Office - Jail:

• Case level information: court case number or unique case/defendant identifier that could be linked back to the court data, offense date, arrest date, charge description, charge severity.

• Defendant information: defendant name, date of birth, race, ethnicity, sex.

• Booking information (booking and release reports): booking number, booking date, booking reason (e.g., new charges,



bench warrant for pretrial release violation, probation violation, warrant from another location).

• Pretrial release information: pretrial release decision (release on recognizance, cash bond (secured and unsecured), detained without bail), pretrial release decision date, cash bond amount, cash bond payment (Y/N), non-monetary conditions of release, pretrial risk assessment score or category (e.g. high, medium, low), pretrial risk assessment tool, violation of non-monetary conditions of release by type.

• Release information: release date, time served credit length, release type (e.g., released on recognizance, released on bond, released after completing sentence, transferred to prison, transferred to jail in another jurisdiction, transferred to ICE).

• Jail level information: jail capacity by gender (rated and design), jail average daily population by type (pretrial, conviction, awaiting transfer to state prison, held for state or federal jurisdiction), jail average daily population by race, jail average daily population by sex, jail average daily population by age (juvenile, adult age groups), average daily cost of a jail bed, average daily inmate to correctional officer ratio, annual jail budget.

Largest Law Enforcement Agency in County:

• Arrest information: court case number or unique case/defendant identifier that could be linked back to the court data, arrest number or ORI, offense date, arrest date, location of arrest (e.g., address, block, or centroid XY coordinates), arresting charge descriptions, arresting charge severities, case referred to prosecutor (Y/N), case referral date, arraignment date, arraignment date, police custody dates, suspect age, suspect race, suspect sex, prosecutor’s decision (if available: decline to prosecute, prosecute).

• Ticket/Citation information: court case number or unique case/defendant identifier that could be linked back to the court data, ticket/citation number or ORI, ticket/citation date, location where ticket/citation was given (e.g., address, block, XY coordinates), offense charge description, offense charge severity and class, fine amount (if applicable), fine payment (Y/N), fine payment date.

• Department level information: number of full-time sworn law enforcement officers, annual agency budget.

Department of Corrections

• Inmate information (for Admissions & Releases): State ID number, inmate’s DOC number, inmate name, date of birth, race and ethnicity (including Hispanic origin), sex, marital status, number of children, education level, prior-offender flag, habitual offender flag/status, gang affiliation flag, sex offender flag, prior incarcerations in the state, prior incarceraton lengths, number of new sentences.

• Commitment/Sentence information (for Admissions & Releases): court case number or unique case/inmate identifier that could be linked back to the court data, offense date, sentencing county, sentencing judge, sentence date, sentence start date, current admission date, current admission type (new conviction, probation technical violation, probation violation due to new offense, parole technical violation, parole violation due to a new offense), holding offense and offense class, offense counts/numbers, sentence imposed length, split/mixed sentence lengths, concurrent/consecutive



flag, time served credit in days, projected release date, sentence adjustments, good time available (Y/N), good conduct credit earned (Y/N), change in sentence amount and reason, confinement date changes, special credits earned and source, sentence completion date, release date.

• Movement information (for Admissions & Releases): parent institution and security level, current institution and security level, primary work assignment (if available), current housing unit, dates of transfer (out of DOC), movement dates (within DOC).

• Disciplinary and Program information (for Admissions & Releases): history of violence flag, escapes/AWOL flag, weapon usage flag, security level classification, risk indexes (if possible), changes in classification, participation in programming by type, program length and outcome, program start and end dates, disciplinary violation descriptions and dates, violation location, misconduct history, violation location, response date and resulting actions.

• Release information (for Admissions & Releases): Release date, release reason (e.g. expiration of supervision, released to parole), release jurisdiction, change in release status, offender registry notification required (Y/N), enrollment requirements and statuses.

• Supervision information (for Admissions & Releases): release to supervision flag, type of supervision (probation, parole, special), supervision length, probation start and end dates, parole start and end dates, overall completion date, supervision revocation (Y/N) and dates, length of time served, new offense indicator, absconder status and date, violation sentence date and description, prison return date, parole hearing dates and decisions, new court case number (if available).

• Parole Division:

◦ Case information: Court case number or unique case/defendant identifier that could be linked back to the court data.

◦ Offender information: inmate DOC number, inmate state ID number, inmate sex, race, date of birth, marital status, number of children, education level, absconder status and date.

◦ Supervision information: parole start date/release from prison date, conditions of parole release, supervision release date or projected release date, time served on parole, technical revocation flag (Y/N), revocation due to new offense flag (Y/N), revocation hearing date, revocation outcome.

• Department level: annual DOC budget for institutional corrections, annual DOC budget for community corrections, average daily inmate to correctional officer ratio, average daily cost of a prison bed, number of full-time parole officers who carry adult caseloads, average parole officer caseload, average daily cost per parolee, programming available by corrections type, department revenue, facilities/programs generating revenue.

Adult Probation Department (or Department of Corrections, Probation Division):

• Case level information: Court case number or unique case/defendant identifier that could be linked back to the court data, probation agency case number sentence date, probation sentence imposed.

• Offender information: pobationer’s name, date of birth, race and ethcnity, sex, basconder status and date.



• Supervision information: probation start date, probation release date or projected release date, probation conditions imposed, length of probation sentence imposed, length of probation sentence served, probation technical revocation flag (Y/N), probation revocation due to a new offense (Y/N), violation arrest date, violation sentence date and description, revocation hearing date and outcome, prison entry date, new court case number(s) (where applicable).

• County level information: average felony probation caseload, average misdemeanor caseload, number of full-time officers who carry adult caseloads, annual probation department budget, average cost per probationer.



Appendix E. Codebook

VARIABLE LABEL TYPECODING SCHEME

Value Label

MFJCaseNo N/A String N/A

State state where case was processed Numeric integer

1 Alabama2 Alaska3 Arizona4 Arkansas5 California6 Colorado7 Connecticut8 Delaware9 Florida10 Georgia11 Hawaii12 Idaho13 Illinois14 Indiana15 Iowa16 Kansas17 Kentucky18 Louisiana19 Maine20 Maryland21 Massachusetts22 Michigan23 Minnesota24 Mississippi25 Missouri26 Montana27 Nebraska28 Nevada29 New Hampshire30 New Jersey31 New Mexico32 New York33 North Carolina34 North Dakota35 Ohio36 Oklahoma

A PPEN DI X E. CODEBOOK



Value Label

State state where case was processed Numeric integer

37 Oregon38 Pennsylvania39 Rhode Island40 South Carolina41 South Dakota42 Tennessee43 Texas44 Utah45 Vermont46 Virginia47 Washington48 West Virginia49 Wisconsin50 Wyoming

51 District of Columbia

JdclDstrctID judicial district where case was processed Numeric integer See Judicial District Codes

CountyID county where case was processed Numeric integer See County Codes

FIPS FIPS of county where case was processed Numeric integer See County Codes

CourtType Type of trial court Numeric integer

0

Lower trial court (misdemeanors, sometimes preliminary hearings for felonies)

1 Higher trial court (felonies)

-777Variable not available in county

-888 Not applicable

-999 Not known/Missing

Prosecuted whether case was filed in court Numeric integer

0 Case declined by prosecutor

1 Case filed in court





Value Label

Prosecuted whether case was filed in court Numeric integer-888 Not applicable

-999 Not Known/Missing

CaseStatus case status Numeric integer

-1 Case not prosecuted

0 Open or unknown disposition

1 Closed


CaseYr year when case was filed in court or referred to prosecution Numeric integer

2009 thru 2013


-888 Not applicable

-999 Not Known/Missing

DispoYr year when case was disposed of Numeric integer 2009 thru 2014


-888 Not applicable


SntncYr year when case was sentenced Numeric integer

2009 thru 2014


-888 Not applicable


CnsrdDt date of data extraction Date N/A

DefAge defendant's age Numeric integer

N/A



DefAgeGroups defendant's age Numeric integer

0 Under 181 18 to 252 26 to 353 36 to 45




Value Label

DefAgeGroups defendant's age Numeric integer

4 46 to 655 Over 65



DefRace defendant's race Numeric integer

0 White1 African American2 Hispanic/Latino

3 American Indian or Alaskan

4 Asian or Pacific Islander

5 Other



DefRaceWPOC defendant's race Numeric integer

0 White1 Person of Color



DefSex defendant's sex Numeric integer

0 Male1 Female2 Other



DefState defendant's residence state Numeric integer

1 Alabama2 Alaska3 Arizona4 Arkansas5 California6 Colorado7 Connecticut




Value Label


8 Delaware9 Florida10 Georgia11 Hawaii12 Idaho13 Illinois14 Indiana15 Iowa16 Kansas17 Kentucky18 Louisiana19 Maine20 Maryland21 Massachusetts22 Michigan23 Minnesota24 Mississippi25 Missouri26 Montana27 Nebraska28 Nevada29 New Hampshire30 New Jersey31 New Mexico32 New York33 North Carolina34 North Dakota35 Ohio36 Oklahoma37 Oregon38 Pennsylvania39 Rhode Island40 South Carolina41 South Dakota42 Tennessee43 Texas44 Utah45 Vermont46 Virginia




Value Label


47 Washington48 West Virginia49 Wisconsin50 Wyoming

51 District of Columbia

52 U.S. Territories53 Outside of the U.S.



DefZip defendant's residence zip code String

N/A



DefHmlss whether defendant was homeless at time of arrest or booking Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


OffenseDt offense date Date N/AIncdntRprtDt incident report date Date N/ARfrrlDt case referral date Date N/AArrstDt arrest date Date N/AArrstTm arrest time Time N/ACitationDt citation date Date N/ACitationTm citation time Time N/ABkngDt jail booking date Date N/ABkngTm jail booking time Time N/ARlsDt jail release date Date N/ARlsTm jail release time Time N/AFilingDt case filing date Date N/AAttyAssgmtDt attorney assignment date Date N/AAttyWthdrwlDt first attorney withdrawal date Date N/A




Value Label

AttyFrstMtngClntDt date of attorney's first meeting with defendant Date N/A

IntApprncDt initial appearance/arraignment date Date N/A

DfrrlOrdrDt pretrial diversion order date Date N/ABailHrngDt bail hearing date Date N/ACshBndStDt cash bail setting date Date N/ACshBndPstdDt cash bail payment date Date N/ASgntrBndStDt nonmonetary bond setting date Date N/ASprvsdRlsStDt supervised release setting date Date N/ABndRvkdDt bond revocation date Date N/ABndMdfdDt bond modification date Date N/APleaDt final plea date Date N/ADispoDt disposition date Date N/ASntncDt sentence date Date N/APrsnAdmssnDt initial prison admission date Date N/APrlBrdHrngDt initial parole board hearing date Date N/APrsnRlsDt initial prison release date Date N/APrbtnAdmssnDt initial probation admission date Date N/APrbtnRlsDt initial probation release date Date N/A

DysOffnsToArrst number of days from offense to arrest Numeric integer

Days


-888 Not applicable


DysOffnsToFiling number of days from offense to case filing Numeric integer

Days


-888 Not applicable


DysFilingToAttyAssgmt number of days from case filing to attorney assignment Numeric integer

Days


-888 Not applicable

DysFilingToAttyAssgmt number of days from case filing to attorney assignment Numeric integer -999 Not known/

Missing




Value Label

DysFilingToIntApprnc number of days from case filing to initial appearance Numeric integer

Days


-888 Not applicable


DysArrstToIntApprnc number of days from arrest to initial appearance Numeric integer

Days


-888 Not applicable


PrtrlLOSDys number of days from booking in pretrial detention to release Numeric Integer

Days


-888 Not applicable


PrtrlLOSHrs number of hours from booking in pretrial detention to release Numeric Integer

Hours


-888 Not applicable


DysAttyToPlea number of days from attorney assignment to guilty plea Numeric integer

Days


-888 Not applicable


DysOffnsToClsr number of days from offense to case disposition or sentencing Numeric integer

Days


-888 Not applicable

DysOffnsToClsr number of days from offense to case disposition or sentencing Numeric integer -999 Not known/

Missing




Value Label

DysFilingToClsr number of days from case filing to case closure Numeric integer

Days


-888 Not applicable


FelDispo180 whether case was disposed within 180 days Numeric integer

0

Felony case disposed of within more than 180 days

1Felony case disposed of within 180 days


-888 Not applicable


MisdDispo90 whether case was disposed within 90 days Numeric integer

0

Misdemeanor case disposed of within more than 90 days

1Misdemeanor case disposed of within 90 days


-888 Not applicable


TotBkngChrgs the total number of booking charges Numeric integer

N/A


-888 Not applicable


TopBkngChrg the most serious booking charge Numeric integer See MFJ Offense Codes CrosswalkTopBkngChrgOffns the most serious booking charge Numeric integer 1 Murder




Value Label

TopBkngChrgOffns the most serious booking charge Numeric integer

2 Unspecified homicide

3Voluntary/nonnegligent manslaughter

4 Manslaughter - non-vehicular

5 Kidnapping6 Rape - force

7 Rape - statutory - no force

8 Lewd act with children

9 Sexual assault - other

10 Human Trafficking

11 Armed robbery12 Unarmed robbery

13 Aggravated assault

14 Assaulting public officer

15 Child abuse16 Simple assault

17Blackmail/extortion/intimidation

18 Hit and run driving - injury

19 Violent offenses - other

20 Burglary21 Arson22 Auto theft23 Forgery/fraud

24 Grand Theft (>$500)

25 Petty Theft (=<$500)

26 Larceny/theft - value unknown

27 Financial Crimes




Value Label


28 Stolen property - trafficking

29 Stolen property - receiving

30 Destruction of property

31Hit and run driving - property damage

32 Unauthorized use of vehicle

33 Trespassing

34 Property offenses - other

35 Distribution - heroin

36 Distribution - amphetamines

37 Distribution - cocaine or crack

38 Distribution of opioid drugs

39 Distribution of prescription drugs

40Distribution - other controlled substances

41Distribution marijuana/hashish

42 Distribution - drug unspecified

43 Possession/use - heroin

44 Possession of amphetamines

45 Possession/use - cocaine or crack

46 Possession of opioid drugs

47 Possession of prescription drugs




Value Label


48Possession/use - other controlled substances

49Possession/use - marijuana/hashish

50 Possession/use - drug unspecified

51Heroin violation

- offense unspecified

52Amphetamines - offense unspecified

53Cocaine or crack violation offense unspecified

54Opioid drugs - offense unspecified

55Prescription


56

Controlled substance


57

Marijuana/hashish violation - offense unspecified

58Other Drug Offense/Paraphernalia

59 Driving while intoxicated

60 Driving Under the Influence

61 Driving under influence - drugs

62 Rioting

63 Escape from custody

64 Flight to avoid prosecution




Value Label


65 Weapon offense66 Habitual offender

67 Parole violation

68 Probation violation

69 Contempt of court

70

Offenses against courts, legislatures and commissions

71 Family related offenses

72 Morals/decency - offense

73 Immigration violations

74 Obstruction - law enforcement

75 Invasion of privacy

76 Commercialized vice

77Contributing to delinquency of a minor

78

Drunkenness/Vagrancy/Disorderly Conduct

79 Liquor law violations

80 Taxation Offenses

81 Bribery and conflict of interest

82 Public order offenses - other

83 Juvenile offenses

84 Traffic offenses - minor

85 Felony - unspecified

86 Misdemeanor - unspecified




Value Label


87 Other500 Flag for Removal

777Variable not available in county

888 Not applicable

999 Not Known/Missing

TopBkngChrgOffnsType offense type of most serious booking charge Numeric integer

1 Violent2 Property

3 Drug

4 DUI Offense

5 Public Order

6 Criminal traffic

7 Other

500 Flag for Removal


888 Not applicable


TopBkngChrgSvrtyOrgnl the severity of most serious booking charge Numeric integer See State Severity Classification

TopBkngChrgFelMisd the severity of most serious booking charge Numeric integer

0 Misdemeanor1 Felony


-888 Not applicable


TopBkngChrgFelMisdVNV the severity and offense type of most serious booking charge Numeric integer

0 Nonviolent misdemeanor

1 Violent misdemeanor

2 Nonviolent felony3 Violent felony





Value Label

TopBkngChrgFelMisdVNV the severity and offense type of most serious booking charge Numeric integer

-888 Not applicable


TotRfrrdChrgs the total number of referred charges Numeric integer

N/A


-888 Not applicable


TopRfrrdChrg the most serious referred charge Numeric integer See MFJ Offense Codes Crosswalk

TopRfrrdChrgOffns the most serious referred charge Numeric integer

1 Murder









11 Armed robbery12 Unarmed robbery



15 Child abuse16 Simple assault






Value Label



20 Burglary21 Arson22 Auto theft23 Forgery/fraud




27 Financial Crimes






33 Trespassing












Value Label











51Heroin violation





55Prescription


56



57






Value Label





62 Rioting



65 Weapon offense

66 Habitual offender

67 Parole violation



70









78







Value Label








87 Other500 Flag for Removal


888 Not applicable


TopRfrrdChrgOffnsType offense type of most serious referred charge Numeric integer

1 Violent2 Property

3 Drug

4 DUI Offense

5 Public Order

6 Criminal traffic

7 Other



888 Not applicable


TopRfrrdChrgSvrtyOrgnl the severity of most serious referred charge Numeric integer See State Severity Classification

TopRfrrdChrgFelMisd the severity of most serious referred charge Numeric integer



-888 Not applicable




Value Label

TopRfrrdChrgFelMisd the severity of most serious referred charge Numeric integer -999 Not known/

Missing

TopRfrrdChrgFelMisdVNV the severity and offense type of most serious referred charge Numeric integer



2 Nonviolent felony

3 Violent felony


-888 Not applicable


AnyRfrrdChrgVlnt whether any referred charge was for a violent offense Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


AnyRfrrdChrgGn whether any referred charge involved a firearm Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


AnyRfrrdChrgBrglry whether any referred charge was for burglary Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


AnyRfrrdChrgHtCrm whether any referred charge was for a hate crime Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes




Value Label

AnyRfrrdChrgHtCrm whether any referred charge was for a hate crime Numeric integer


-888 Not applicable


AnyRfrrdChrgDrg whether any referred charge was for a drug offense Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


AnyRfrrdChrgDrgTypemost serious drug offense and type associated with the referred charges

Numeric integer

0 No drug charges

1Drug paraphernalia related offense

2 Other/unspecified drug offense

3 Possession/use of unspecified drug

4 Marijuana possession/use

5 Other drug possession/use

6Other prescription drug possession/use

7 Opioid drug possession/use

8 Cocaine possession/use

9 Amphetamine possession/use

10 Heroin possession/use

11 Distribution of unspecified drug

12 Marijuana distribution

13 Other drug distribution




Value Label

AnyRfrrdChrgDrgTypemost serious drug offense and type associated with the referred charges

Numeric integer

14 Other prescription drug distribution

15 Opioid drug distribution

16 Cocaine distribution

17 Amphetamine distribution

18 Heroin distribution


-888 Not applicable


DUI_TopRfrrdChrg whether most serious referred charge was DUI Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


AnyRfrrdChrgDUIFlag whether any referred charge was DUI Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


AnyRfrrdChrgTrffc whether any referred charge was for a criminal traffic offense Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


AnyRfrrdChrgDrgDUITrffcwhether any referred charge was for a drug offense, a traffic offense, or DUI

Numeric integer 0 No




Value Label

AnyRfrrdChrgDrgDUITrffcwhether any referred charge was for a drug offense, a traffic offense, or DUI

Numeric integer

1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


AnyRfrrdChrgMrdrOvrds whether any referred charge was for murder by drug overdose Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


AnyRfrrdChrgBadPrctc whether any referred charge was for poor investigative practice Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


AnyRfrrdChrgMscndct whether any referred charge was for police misconduct Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


RfrrdRstngArrstOnly whether resisting arrest was the only referred charge Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


RfrrdDsrdrlyCndctOnly whether disorderly conduct was the only referred charge Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes




Value Label

RfrrdDsrdrlyCndctOnly whether disorderly conduct was the only referred charge Numeric integer


-888 Not applicable


RfrrdChrgIntlActn action that initiated case referral Numeric integer

0

Non-custodial referral (i.e. citation/appearance ticket/summons)

1 Arrest

2 Other (Includes sworn complaints)


-888 Not applicable


TotFiledChrgs total number of charges filed in court by prosecutor Numeric integer

N/A


-888 Not applicable


TopFilingChrg most serious charge filed by prosecutor Numeric integer See MFJ Offense Codes Crosswalk

TopFilingChrgOffns most serious charge filed by prosecutor Numeric integer

1 Murder










Value Label




11 Armed robbery

12 Unarmed robbery



15 Child abuse

16 Simple assault




20 Burglary

21 Arson

22 Auto theft

23 Forgery/fraud




27 Financial Crimes









Value Label


33 Trespassing


















51Heroin violation






Value Label




55Prescription


56



57






62 Rioting



65 Weapon offense


67 Parole violation



70






Value Label








78










87 Other



888 Not applicable


TopFilingChrgOffnsType offense type of most serious charge filed by prosecutor Numeric integer

1 Violent2 Property3 Drug




Value Label

TopFilingChrgOffnsType offense type of most serious charge filed by prosecutor Numeric integer

4 DUI Offense5 Public Order

6 Criminal traffic

7 Other



888 Not applicable


TopFilingChrgSvrtyOrgnl the severity of most serious charge filed by prosecutor Numeric integer See State Severity Classification

TopFilingChrgFelMisd the severity of most serious charge filed by prosecutor Numeric integer



-888 Not applicable


TopFilingChrgFelMisdVNVthe severity and offense type of most serious charge filed by prosecutor

Numeric integer



2 Nonviolent felony

3 Violent felony


-888 Not applicable


AnyFilingChrgVlntwhether any charge filed by the prosecutor was for a violent offense

Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable





Value Label

AnyFilingChrgGn whether any charge filed by the prosecutor involved a firearm Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


AnyFilingChrgBrglry whether any charge filed by the prosecutor was for burglary Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


AnyFilingChrgHtCrm whether any charge filed by the prosecutor was for a hate crime Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


AnyFilingChrgDrgwhether any charge filed by the prosecutor was for a drug offense

Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


AnyFilingChrgDrgTypemost serious drug offense and type associated with the filing charges

Numeric integer

0 No drug charges


2 Other drug offense






Value Label

AnyFilingChrgDrgTypemost serious drug offense and type associated with the filing charges

Numeric integer
















-888 Not applicable


AnyFilingChrgDUIFlag whether any charge filed by the prosecutor was DUI Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable





Value Label

DUI_TopFilingChrg whether the most serious charge filed by the prosecutor was DUI Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


0 No

1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


AnyFilingChrgMrdrOvrds whether any filing charge was for murder by drug overdose Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


AnyFilingChrgBadPrctc whether any filing charge was for poor investigative practice Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


AnyFilingChrgMscndct whether any filing charge was for police misconduct Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable





Value Label

ChrgRdctnRfrrlToFilingwhether the severity of most serious charge changed between referral and filing

Numeric integer

0No change - same severity as referral charge

1

Charge reduction - lower severity than referral charge

2

Charge increase - higher severity than referral charge


-888 Not applicable


FilingRstngArrstOnly whether resisting arrest was the only charge filed by prosecutor Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


FilingDsrdrlyCndctOnlywhether disorderly conduct was the only charge filed by prosecutor

Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


DmstcVlnc whether case involved violent domestic abuse Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes



DmstcAbuse whether case involved domestic abuse Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes




Value Label

DmstcAbuse whether case involved domestic abuse Numeric integer



SxOffns whether case involved a sex offense Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes



Gang whether case involved gang activity Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes



GangVlnc whether case involve gang violence Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes



AttyWthdrwl whether case had attorney withdrawals Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


AttyAssgndIntlApprnc whether defense attorney was assigned at initial appearance Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable





Value Label

NoAttyIntApprnc whether defense attorney was assigned after initial appearance Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


Indigent whether case involved an indigent defendant Numeric integer

0 Not indigent1 Indigent


-888 Not applicable


PblcDfndr whether last attorney of record was a public defender Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


AttyType type of defense attorney Numeric integer

1 Self or unrepresented

2 Private attorney

3 Public defender

4 Court-appointed private attorney

5 Other


-888 Not applicable


PrcntDysSmAtty

percentage of days in case by attorney in public defender office who handled most of the case

Numeric decimal N/A




Value Label

PrcntDysSmAtty

percentage of days in case by attorney in public defender office who handled most of the case

Numeric decimal


-888 Not applicable


N/A


-888 Not applicable


BailDcsn pretrial release decision Numeric integer

0 Released on recognizance

1

Release on supervision (some level of pretrial monitoring/supervision)

2 Cash bail

3 Electronic monitoring

4 Held pretrial


-888 Not applicable


Bail500whether defendant had to pay cash bail of $500 or less to be released

Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


BailAmount cash bail amount defendant had to pay Numeric decimal

Dollars





Value Label

BailAmount cash bail amount defendant had to pay Numeric decimal

-888 Not applicable


CshBndAdjDwn whether cash bail was reduced Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


BailPaid whether cash bail was paid Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


FailPayBail whether defendant failed to pay cash bail Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


BailRvkd whether cash bail was revoked Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


RORRvkd whether nonmonetary pretrial release was revoked Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable




Value Label

RORRvkd whether nonmonetary pretrial release was revoked Numeric integer -999 Not known/

Missing

ROSRvkd whether release on supervision was revoked Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


PrtrlRls

whether defendant was released on recognizance, on supervision, on electronic monitoring, or on cash bail

Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


PrtrlRlsVltn whether pretrial release was violated Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


PrtrlRlsNoCntctwhether pretrial release conditions included no contact with victim

Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


NoCntctOrdrwhether at least one no contact or protective order was filed with the court

Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable




Value Label

NoCntctOrdrwhether at least one no contact or protective order was filed with the court

Numeric integer -999 Not known/Missing

NoCntctOrdrVltn whether defendant violated no contact or protective order Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


PrbtnHldwhether defendant was in pretrial detention as the result of a probation violation

Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


JailStayType of admission under which the defendant was booked into jail

Numeric integer

0 Pretrial Detention1 Sentence

2 Hold for Another County

3Hold for Department of Corrections

4 Hold for Another State Agency

5Hold for Federal Government (not including ICE)

6 Hold for ICE

7Hold for Unknown Jurisdiction

8 Probation Hold


-888 Not applicable





Value Label

TotFTA total number of times defendant failed to appear in court Numeric integer

N/A


-888 Not applicable


FTA whether defendant failed to appear in any court hearing Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


Warrant whether defendant had a bench warrrant or arrest warrant Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


Inactivewhether the case had language indicating that the case was inactive at any point

Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


BndMotion whether a bond motion was filed Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


DscvryOrdr whether discovery was ordered by the court Numeric integer 0 No




Value Label

DscvryOrdr whether discovery was ordered by the court Numeric integer

1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


N/A


-888 Not applicable


Continuance whether a continuance was ordered Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


GltyPleaNoAttywhether defendant pleaded guilty without retained or appointed counsel

Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


TopCnvctnChrg most serious conviction charge Numeric integer See MFJ Offense Codes Crosswalk

TopCnvctnChrgOffns most serious conviction charge Numeric integer

1 Murder








Value Label






11 Armed robbery

12 Unarmed robbery



15 Child abuse

16 Simple assault




20 Burglary

21 Arson

22 Auto theft

23 Forgery/fraud




27 Financial Crimes







Value Label




33 Trespassing





















Value Label


51Heroin violation





55Prescription


56



57






62 Rioting



65 Weapon offense


67 Parole violation






Value Label


70









78










87 Other



888 Not applicable




Value Label

TopCnvctnChrgOffns most serious conviction charge Numeric integer 999 Not Known/Missing

TopCnvctnChrgOffnsType offense type of most serious conviction charge Numeric integer

1 Violent2 Property

3 Drug

4 DUI Offense

5 Public Order

6 Criminal traffic

7 Other



888 Not applicable


TopCnvctnChrgSvrtyOrgnl severity of most serious conviction charge Numeric integer See State Severity Classification

TopCnvctnChrgFelMisd severity of most serious conviction charge Numeric integer 0 Misdemeanor

1 Felony


-888 Not applicable


TopCnvctnChrgFelMisdVNV severity and offense type of most serious conviction charge Numeric integer

0 Non-violent misdemeanor


2 Non-violent felony

3 Violent felony


-888 Not applicable


AnyCnvctnChrgVlnt whether any conviction charge was for a violent offense Numeric integer 0 No




Value Label

AnyCnvctnChrgVlnt whether any conviction charge was for a violent offense Numeric integer

1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


AnyCnvctnChrgGn whether any conviction charge involved a firearm Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


AnyCnvctnChrgBrglry whether any conviction charge was for burglary Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


AnyCnvctnChrgHtCrm whether any conviction charge was for a hate crime Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


AnyCnvctnChrgDrg whether any conviction charge was for a drug offense Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


AnyCnvctnChrgDrgTypemost serious drug offense and type associated with the conviction charges

Numeric integer 0 No drug charges




Value Label


Numeric integer


2 Other drug offense


















-888 Not applicable




Value Label



AnyCnvctnChrgDUIFlag whether any conviction charge was DUI Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


AnyCnvctnChrgTrffc whether any conviction charge was for a traffic offense Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


AnyCnvctnChrgMrdrOvrdswhether any conviction charge was for murder by drug overdose

Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


AnyCnvctnChrgNoPrbtnwhether any conviction charge precluded a sentence of probation

Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


AnyCnvctnChrgBadPrctcwhether any conviction charge was for poor investigative practice

Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable




Value Label

AnyCnvctnChrgBadPrctcwhether any conviction charge was for poor investigative practice


AnyCnvctnChrgMscndct whether any conviction charge was for police misconduct Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


CnvctnRstngArrstOnly whether resisting arrest was the only conviction charge Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


CnvctnDsrdrlyCndctOnly whether disorderly conduct was the only conviction charge Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


TopCnvctnDrgPssessnwhether the most serious conviction charge was drug possession

Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


TopDrgTypePssessndrug type when the most serious conviction charge was drug possession

Numeric integer

1 Heroin2 Amphetamine

3 Cocaine/crack cocaine

4 Opioid drug




Value Label

TopDrgTypePssessndrug type when the most serious conviction charge was drug possession

Numeric integer

5 Other prescription drugs

6 Other drug

7 Marijuana/hashish

8 Drug unspecified


-888 Not applicable


CnvctnChrgStatuswhether the severity of the most serious charge changed between filing and conviction

Numeric integer

0 Convicted as charged

1 Convicted of lesser charge

2 Convicted of higher charge


-888 Not applicable


PleaFelToMisdwhether defendant pleaded to a misdemeanor after being charged with a felony[123]

Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


TotGltyChrgs the total number of conviction charges Numeric integer

N/A


-888 Not applicable


GltyAllChrgs whether defendant was convicted of all charges Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes




Value Label

GltyAllChrgs whether defendant was convicted of all charges Numeric integer


-888 Not applicable


RatioChrgs ratio of number of filed charges to number of conviction charges Numeric decimal

N/A


-888 Not applicable


DfrrlDvrsn whether case involved pretrial diversion Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


DfrrlDvrsnSccss whether pretrial diversion was completed successfully Numeric integer

0 Unsuccessful deferral

1 Successful deferral


-888 Not applicable


SpclzdCrt whether case was diverted to a specialized court Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


SpclzdCrtSccsswhether specialized court diversion was successfully completed

Numeric integer 0 No




Value Label

SpclzdCrtSccsswhether specialized court diversion was successfully completed

Numeric integer

1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


CmmntyPrsctn whether case was processed via community prosecution Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


RstrtvJstc whether case involved restorative justice process Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


DNATst whether case involve a DNA test Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


DNAEvdnc whether case involve a DNA evidence Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


PrsctrSex prosecuting attorney's sex Numeric integer0 Male1 Female2 Other




Value Label

PrsctrSex prosecuting attorney's sex Numeric integer-777

Variable not available in county


PrsctrRace prosecuting attorney's race Numeric integer

0 White1 African American

2 Hispanic/Latino



5 Other



CaseDisposition final case disposition Numeric integer

-1 Prosecution declined

0 No or unknown disposition

1 Dismissed

2 Deferral or diversion

3 Not guilty at trial

4 Guilty at trial

5 Guilty plea

6 Guilty - unknown method

7

Transfers (includes extraditions, and changes of venue)

8

Other (e.g., bond estreature, bond forfeiture, otherwise disposed)


DsmssdPrsctr whether case was dismissed by prosecutor Numeric integer 0 No




Value Label

DsmssdPrsctr whether case was dismissed by prosecutor Numeric integer

1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


DsmssdCrt whether case was dismissed by court Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


DclndIntJstc whether any charge was declined in the interest of justice Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


DsmssdIntJstcwhether any charge was dismissed in the interest of justice

Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


Trial whether case was disposed of at trial Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


Cnvctd whether defendant was convicted Numeric integer 0 No




Value Label

Cnvctd whether defendant was convicted Numeric integer

1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


TopSntnc the most severe sentence Numeric integer

0 Death penalty1 Life in prison

2 State prison

3 Jail

4 Lifetime supervision

5Extended supervision/Split sentence (Prison)

6Extended supervision/Split sentence (Jail)

7

Extended supervision/Split sentence (Confinement type unknown)

8 Other confinement

9 Probation

10 Fine

11 Restitution

12 Other

13 Time served sentence


-888 Not applicable


Incarceration whether the most severe sentence included prison or jail Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes





Value Label

Incarceration whether the most severe sentence included prison or jail Numeric integer

-888 Not applicable


CncrrntSntnc whether at least two sentences were served concurrently Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


CnsctvSntnc whether at least two sentences were served consecutively Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


SuspndSntncwhether at least a portion of the sentence imposed was suspended

Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


PrsnSntncLngthDys length (in days) of imposed prison sentence Numeric decimal

Days


-888 Not applicable


PrsnSntncLngthMo length (in months) of imposed prison sentence Numeric decimal

Months


-888 Not applicable


PrsnSntncSrvdDys prison sentence served in days Numeric decimal Days




Value Label

PrsnSntncSrvdDys prison sentence served in days Numeric decimal


-888 Not applicable


PrsnSntncSrvdMo prison sentence served in months Numeric decimal

Months


-888 Not applicable


JailSntncLngthDys length (in days) of imposed jail sentence Numeric decimal

Days


-888 Not applicable


JailSntncLngthMo length (in months) of imposed jail sentence Numeric decimal

Months


-888 Not applicable


JailSntncSrvdDys jail sentence served in days Numeric decimal

Days


-888 Not applicable


JailSntncSrvdMo jail sentence served in months Numerical decimal

Months


-888 Not applicable


PrbtnSntncLngthDys length (in days) of imposed probation sentence Numeric decimal Days




Value Label

PrbtnSntncLngthDys length (in days) of imposed probation sentence Numeric decimal


-888 Not applicable


PrbtnSntncLngthMo length (in months) of imposed probation sentence Numeric decimal

Months


-888 Not applicable


PrbtnSntncSrvdDys probation sentence served in days Numeric decimal

Days


-888 Not applicable


PrbtnSntncSrvdMo probation sentence served in months Numeric decimal

Months


-888 Not applicable


SplitSntncLngthDys length (in days) of split sentence Numeric decimal

Days


-888 Not applicable


SplitSntncLngthMo length (in months) of split sentence Numeric decimal

Months


-888 Not applicable


PstIncSprvsnType initial type of post-incarceration supervision Numeric integer 0 None




Value Label

PstIncSprvsnType initial type of post-incarceration supervision Numeric integer

1 Parole

2 Split-Sentence Probation

3 Electronic Monitoring (EM)

4Drug/Alcohol Monitoring Program

5 Halfway House

6 Other supervision


-888 Not applicable


TotPrlBrdApprncs number of parole board hearings before release Numeric decimal

N/A


-888 Not applicable


PrlSrvdDys parole time served in days Numeric decimal

Days


-888 Not applicable


PrlSrvdMo parole time served in months Numeric decimal

Months


-888 Not applicable


FineAmountFinal fine amount if the most severe sentence was a fine Numeric decimal

Dollars


-888 Not applicable




Value Label

FineAmountFinal fine amount if the most severe sentence was a fine Numeric decimal -999 Not known/

Missing

Fine fine dollar amount Numeric decimal

Dollars


-888 Not applicable


TmSrvdSntnc whether sentence was time served Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


TmSrvdCrdt whether defendant received time served credit towards sentence Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


TmSrvdCrdtLength length (in days) of time served credit Numeric decimal

N/A


-888 Not applicable


SntncMdfctntype of modification made to the imposed sentence after initiation of sentence

Numeric integer

0 No modification1 Pardon

2 Vacated

3 Commuted

4 Set aside





Value Label

SntncMdfctntype of modification made to the imposed sentence after initiation of sentence

Numeric integer-888 Not applicable


SntncCmpltdFlag whether defendant completed his/her sentence Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


PrsnDeathFlag whether defendant died in prison custody Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


DrvLscnRevSuspwhether sentence included revocation or suspension of driver's license

Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


DrvLscnRvcSuspLngth number of months driver's license was suspended Numeric decimal

Months


-888 Not applicable


RfrrdDrvSuspLscn

whether the most serious charge referred to the prosecutor was driving with suspended/revoked license

Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable




Value Label

RfrrdDrvSuspLscn

whether the most serious charge referred to the prosecutor was driving with suspended/revoked license


ChrgdDrvSuspLscn

whether the most serious charge filed by the prosecutor was driving with suspended/revoked license

Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


CnvctdDrvSuspLscnwhether the most serious conviction charge was driving with suspended/revoked license

Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


Dprtnwhether defendant was released to ICE custody for deportation proceedings

Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


CrtFeesFinesFlag whether court fees or fines were ordered Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


TotCrtFees court fees dollar amount Numeric decimal

Dollars


-888 Not applicable





Value Label

CrtFeesAdjstDwn whether court fees were reduced Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


CrtFeesWaived whether court fees were fully waived Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


FailPayCrtFeesFines whether defendant failed to pay court fees or fines Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


FeesFines court fees and fines dollar amount Numeric decimal

Dollars


-888 Not applicable


CvlFrftrwhether case involved civil forfeiture of defendant's property

Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


Rstttn whether sentence included restitution Numeric integer 0 No




Value Label

Rstttn whether sentence included restitution Numeric integer

1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


RstttnAmnt restitution dollar amount Numeric decimal

Dollars


-888 Not applicable


RstttnPaid whether defendant paid mandated restitution amount Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


RstttnAmntVctm restitution amount paid to victim Numeric decimal

Dollars


-888 Not applicable


MntlHlthCnfnmnt whether sentence included hospital confinement Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


NotGltyInsanity whether defendant was found not guilty by reason of insanity Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes





Value Label

NotGltyInsanity whether defendant was found not guilty by reason of insanity Numeric integer

-888 Not applicable


IncmptntTrial whether defendant was found incompetent to stand trial Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


HabitualOffndrFlag whether defendant was classified as a habitual offender Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


VctmSex victim's sex Numeric integer

0 Male1 Female

2 Other

3 Multiple victims


-888 Not applicable


VctmRace victim's race Numeric integer

0 White1 African American

2 Hispanic/Latino



5 Other

6 Multiple victims





Value Label

VctmRace victim's race Numeric integer-888 Not applicable


VctmAge victim's age at time of incident Numeric integer

N/A-666 Multiple victims


-888 Not applicable


VctmAgeGroups victim's age at time of incident Numeric integer

0 Under 181 18 to 25

2 26 to 35

3 36 to 45

4 46 to 65

5 Over 65

6 Multiple victims


-888 Not applicable


VctmChld whether victim was a child at time of incident Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes

2 Multiple victims



VctmSpnsh whether victim was Spanish speaking Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes

2 Multiple victims


-888 Not applicable





Value Label

VctmDfndntRltnshp victim-defendant relationship Numeric integer

1 Intimate partner2 Family member

3 Known non-family member

4 Stranger

5 Multiple victims


-888 Not applicable


VWPrgrmwhether victim had access to a victim/witness program at prosecutor's ofice

Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


VWPrgrmUsdwhether victim use victim/witness program at prosecutor's office

Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


TotPrbtnVltn number of times defendant violated conditions of probation Numeric decimal

N/A


-888 Not applicable


PrbtnVltnTmSrvdDys probation violation time served in days Numeric decimal list

Days


-888 Not applicable





Value Label

PrbtnVltnTmSrvdMo probation violation time served in months Numeric decimal list

Days


-888 Not applicable


PrbtnRvkd whether defendant's probation was revoked Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


TotPrlVltn number of times defendant violated conditions of parole Numeric decimal

N/A


-888 Not applicable


PrlVltnTmSrvdDys parole violation time served in days Numeric decimal list

Days


-888 Not applicable


PrlVltnTmSrvdMo parole violation time served in months Numeric decimal list

Days


-888 Not applicable


PrlRvkd whether defendant's parole was revoked Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable




Value Label

PrlRvkd whether defendant's parole was revoked Numeric integer -999 Not known/

Missing

RcnvctnFlagwhether defendant was reconvicted within three years of sentencing

Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


PriorsFlagwhether defendant was convicted of any offense in the prior 3 years

Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable


VlntPriorsFlagwhether defendant was convicted of a violent offense in the prior 3 years

Numeric integer

0 No1 Yes


-888 Not applicable




Appendix F. State SeveritiesSTATE CODE STATE NAME CHARGE SEVERITY CODE CHARGE SEVERITY DESCRIPTION

03 Arizona

0 Petty1 Unclassified Misdemeanor2 Class 3 Misdemeanor3 Class 2 Misdemeanor4 Class 1 Misdemeanor5 Unclassified Felony6 Class 6 Felony7 Class 5 Felony8 Class 4 Felony9 Class 3 Felony

10 Class 2 Felony11 Class 1 Felony

-777 Variable not available in county-888 Not applicable-999 Not known/Missing

04 Arkansas

1 Misdemeanor Unclassified2 Class C Misdemeanor3 Class B Misdemeanor4 Class A Misdemeanor5 Felony Unclassified6 Class D Felony7 Class C Felony8 Class B Felony9 Class A Felony

10 Class Y Felony-777 Variable not available in county-888 Not applicable-999 Not known/Missing

06 Colorado

0 Ordinance/Infraction1 Unclassified Petty Offense2 Drug Petty Offense3 Class 2 Petty Offense4 Class 1 Petty Offense5 Unclassified Traffic Misdemeanor6 Unclassified Misdemeanor7 Class 2 Traffic Misdemeanor8 Class 1 Traffic Misdemeanor9 Class 2 Drug Misdemeanor

A PPEN DI X F. STATE SEV ER ITIES


STATE CODE STATE NAME CHARGE SEVERITY CODE CHARGE SEVERITY DESCRIPTION

06 Colorado

10 Class 1 Drug Misdemeanor11 Class 3 Misdemeanor12 Class 2 Misdemeanor13 Class 1 Misdemeanor14 Unclassified Felony15 Class 4 Drug Felony16 Class 3 Drug Felony17 Class 2 Drug Felony18 Class 1 Drug Felony19 Class 6 Felony20 Class 5 Felony21 Class 4 Felony22 Class 3 Felony23 Class 2 Felony24 Class 1 Felony


07 Connecticut

0 Infraction1 Misdemeanor Unspecified2 Class D Misdemeanor3 Class C Misdemeanor4 Class B Misdemeanor5 Class A Misdemeanor6 Felony Unspecified7 Class E Felony8 Class D Felony9 Class C Felony

10 Class B Felony11 Class A Felony


09 Florida

0 Ordinance / Infraction1 Unclassified Misdemeanor2 Class 2 Misdemeanor3 Class 1 Misdemeanor4 Unclassified Felony5 Class 3 Felony6 Class 2 Felony




09 Florida

7 Class 1 Felony8 Life Felony9 Capital Felony


13 Illinois

0 Infraction1 Unclassified Petty Offense2 Unclassified Misdemeanor3 Class C Misdemeanor4 Class B Misdemeanor5 Class A Misdemeanor6 Unclassified Felony7 Class 4 Felony8 Class 3 Felony9 Class 2 Felony

10 Class 1 Felony11 Class X Felony12 Class M Felony

14 Indiana

0 Class D Infraction1 Class C Infraction2 Class B Infraction3 Class A Infraction4 Unclassified Misdemeanor5 Class D Misdemeanor6 Class C Misdemeanor7 Class B Misdemeanor8 Class A Misdemeanor9 Unclassified Felony

10 Class 6 Felony11 Class 5 Felony12 Class 4 Felony13 Class 3 Felony14 Class 2 Felony15 Class 1 Felony16 Murder





23 Minnesota

0 Petty Misdemeanor1 Misdemeanor2 Gross Misdemeanor3 Felony


25 Missouri

0 Ordinance/Infraction1 Misdemeanor Unclassified2 Class C Misdemeanor3 Class B Misdemeanor4 Class A Misdemeanor5 Felony Unclassified6 Class E Felony7 Class D Felony8 Class C Felony9 Class B Felony

10 Class A Felony-777 Variable not available in county-888 Not applicable-999 Not known/Missing

32 New York

0 Violations/Infractions1 Unclassified Misdemeanor2 Class B Misdemeanor3 Class A Misdemeanor4 Class E Felony5 Class D Felony6 Class C Felony7 Class B Felony8 Class A Felony


33 North Carolina

0 Other/Admin/Infraction1 Misdemeanor Unclassified2 Class 3 Misdemeanor3 Misdemeanor Traffic4 Class 2 Misdemeanor5 Class 1 Misdemeanor6 Class A1 Misdemeanor




33 North Carolina

7 Felony Unclassified8 Class I Felony9 Class H Felony

10 Class G Felony11 Class F Felony12 Class E Felony13 Class D Felony14 Class C Felony15 Class B2 Felony16 Class B1 Felony17 Class A Felony


34 North Dakota

0 Infraction1 Class B Misdemeanor2 Class A Misdemeanor3 Class C Felony4 Class B Felony5 Class A Felony6 Class AA Felony


37 Oregon

0 Violations/Infractions1 Misdemeanor Unclassified2 Class C Misdemeanor3 Class B Misdemeanor4 Class A Misdemeanor5 Felony Unclassified6 Class C Felony7 Class B Felony8 Class A Felony9 Life Felony

10 Capital Felony-777 Variable not available in county-888 Not applicable-999 Not known/Missing




38 Pennsylvania

0 Ordinance/Infraction1 Unclassified Misdemeanor2 Summary Offense3 Class 3 Misdemeanor4 Class 2 Misdemeanor5 Class 1 Misdemeanor6 Unclassified Felony7 Class 3 Felony8 Class 2 Felony9 Class 1 Felony

10 Homicide-777 Variable not available in county-888 Not applicable-999 Not known/Missing

41 South Dakota

0 Municipal Ordinance1 Petty Offense2 Misdemeanor 23 Misdemeanor 14 Class 6 Felony5 Class 5 Felony6 Class 4 Felony7 Class 3 Felony8 Class 2 Felony9 Class 2 Felony

10 Class C Felony11 Class B Felony12 Class A Felony


44 Utah

0 Infraction1 Class C Misdemeanor2 Class B Misdemeanor3 Class A Misdemeanor4 Class 3 Felony5 Class 2 Felony6 Class 1 Felony7 Capital Felony

-777 Variable not available in county-888 Not applicable




44 Utah -999 Not known/Missing

47 Washington

0 Infraction1 Misdemeanor2 Gross Misdemeanor3 Class C Felony4 Class B Felony5 Class A Felony

-777 Variable not available in county-888 Not applicable-999 Not known/missing

49 Wisconsin

0 Ordinance/Forfeiture1 Unclassified Misdemeanor2 Class C Misdemeanor3 Class B Misdemeanor4 Class A Misdemeanor5 Unclassified Felony6 Class I Felony7 Class H Felony8 Class G Felony9 Class F Felony

10 Class E Felony11 Class D Felony12 Class C Felony13 Class B Felony14 Class A Felony




Appendix G. BJS Offense Code CrosswalkB

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Accessory After the Fact, Murder 10 Murder 1 Murder 1 Violent No

Accessory to Murder 10 Murder 1 Murder 1 Violent NoFelony Murder 10 Murder 1 Murder 1 Violent NoMurder 10 Murder 1 Murder 1 Violent NoMurder Accessory After the Fact 10 Murder 1 Murder 1 Violent No

Willful Murder 10 Murder 1 Murder 1 Violent NoAssault and Battery by Force Likely to Produce Death 11 Attempted Murder 1 Murder 1 Violent No

Assault and Battery with Intent to Kill 11 Attempted Murder 1 Murder 1 Violent No

Assault with Intent to Kill 11 Attempted Murder 1 Murder 1 Violent NoMalicious Striking and Wounding with Intent to Kill 11 Attempted Murder 1 Murder 1 Violent No

Murder, Attempted 11 Attempted Murder 1 Murder 1 Violent NoShooting with Intent to Kill 11 Attempted Murder 1 Murder 1 Violent NoConspiracy to Commit Murder 12 Conspiracy to

Commit Murder 1 Murder 1 Violent No

Murder, Conspiracy 12 Conspiracy to Commit Murder 1 Murder 1 Violent No

Homicide 13 Unspecified Homicide 2 Unspecified

homicide 1 Violent No

Homicide -Willful Kill 13 Unspecified Homicide 2 Unspecified


Unspecified Homicide 13 Unspecified Homicide 2 Unspecified


Unspecified Homicide, Attempted/Conspiracy 14

Unspecified Homicide, Attempted/Conspiracy

2 Unspecified homicide 1 Violent No

Manslaughter with Intent 15 Voluntary Manslaughter 3

Voluntary/nonnegligent manslaughter

1 Violent No

Nonnegligent Manslaughter 15 Voluntary Manslaughter 3


1 Violent No

A PPEN DI X G. BJS OFFENSE CODE CROSSWA LK


BJS

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Pre-meditated Manslaughter 15 Voluntary Manslaughter 3


1 Violent No

Voluntary Manslaughter 15 Voluntary Manslaughter 3


1 Violent No

Voluntary/Nonnegligent Manslaughter, Attempted/Conspiracy

16

Voluntary Manslaughter, Attempted/Conspiracy


1 Violent No

Causing Death by Operating Auto While Under Influence of Drugs or Alcohol

20 Vehicular Manslaughter 3


1 Violent No

Manslaughter, Vehicular 20 Vehicular Manslaughter 3


1 Violent No

Reckless Homicide, Vehicular 20 Vehicular Manslaughter 3


1 Violent No

Vehicular Manslaughter 20 Vehicular Manslaughter 3


1 Violent No

Manslaughter, Vehicular, Attempted 21

Vehicular Manslaughter, Attempted


1 Violent No

Manslaughter, Vehicular, Conspiracy 22

Vehicular Manslaughter, Conspiracy


1 Violent No

Involuntary Manslaughter 30 Involuntary Manslaughter 4 Manslaughter - non-

vehicular 1 Violent No

Manslaughter 30 Involuntary Manslaughter 4 Manslaughter - non-


Manslaughter, Non-Vehicular 30 Involuntary Manslaughter 4 Manslaughter - non-


Negligent Homicide 30 Involuntary Manslaughter 4 Manslaughter - non-


Negligent Manslaughter 30 Involuntary Manslaughter 4 Manslaughter - non-


Attempted Manslaughter 31Involuntary Manslaughter, Attempt

4 Manslaughter - non-vehicular 1 Violent No



BJS

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Manslaughter, Non-Vehicular, Attempted 31

Involuntary Manslaughter, Attempt


Manslaughter, Non-Vehicular, Conspiracy 32

Involuntary Manslaughter, Conspiracy


Abduction 40 Kidnapping 5 Kidnapping 1 Violent NoAggravated Kidnapping 40 Kidnapping 5 Kidnapping 1 Violent NoDetaining a Female 40 Kidnapping 5 Kidnapping 1 Violent NoDetaining Person 40 Kidnapping 5 Kidnapping 1 Violent NoFalse Imprisonment 40 Kidnapping 5 Kidnapping 1 Violent NoFelonious Restraint 40 Kidnapping 5 Kidnapping 1 Violent NoHolding Hostage 40 Kidnapping 5 Kidnapping 1 Violent NoKidnapping 40 Kidnapping 5 Kidnapping 1 Violent NoSimple Kidnapping 40 Kidnapping 5 Kidnapping 1 Violent NoKidnapping/Abduction, Attempted 41 Kidnapping,

Attempted 5 Kidnapping 1 Violent No

Kidnapping/Abduction, Conspiracy 42 Kidnapping,

Conspiracy 5 Kidnapping 1 Violent No

Aggravated Rape 50 Rape 6 Rape - force 1 Violent YesCarnal Knowledge or Abuse, (Sex Unspecified) 50 Rape 6 Rape - force 1 Violent Yes

Forcible Rape 50 Rape 6 Rape - force 1 Violent YesForcible Ravishment 50 Rape 6 Rape - force 1 Violent YesObject Rape 50 Rape 6 Rape - force 1 Violent YesRape by Force 50 Rape 6 Rape - force 1 Violent YesRape of a Child, Force 50 Rape 6 Rape - force 1 Violent YesRape, Other than Statutory 50 Rape 6 Rape - force 1 Violent YesSexual Intercourse without Consent 50 Rape 6 Rape - force 1 Violent Yes

Simple Rape 50 Rape 6 Rape - force 1 Violent YesAssault and Battery with Intent to Commit Rape 51 Rape, Attempted 6 Rape - force 1 Violent Yes

Assault with Intent to Commit Rape 51 Rape, Attempted 6 Rape - force 1 Violent Yes

Assault and Battery with Intent to Commit Ravish 51 Rape, Attempted 6 Rape - force 1 Violent Yes



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Burglary with Intent to Commit Rape 51 Rape, Attempted 6 Rape - force 1 Violent Yes

Rape, Attempted 51 Rape, Attempted 6 Rape - force 1 Violent YesRape, Conspiracy 52 Rape, Conspiracy 6 Rape - force 1 Violent YesCarnal Knowledge of Female Child - No Force 60 Statutory Rape 7 Rape - statutory - no

force 1 Violent Yes

Rape, Statutory 60 Statutory Rape 7 Rape - statutory - no force 1 Violent Yes

Sex with close blood relative (incest - no force) 60 Statutory Rape 7 Rape - statutory - no

force 1 Violent Yes

S/Rape (Statutory Rape) 60 Statutory Rape 7 Rape - statutory - no force 1 Violent Yes

Statutory Rape 60 Statutory Rape 7 Rape - statutory - no force 1 Violent Yes

Violation of a Child - No Force 60 Statutory Rape 7 Rape - statutory - no

force 1 Violent Yes

Statutory Rape, Attempted 61 Statutory Rape, Attempted 7 Rape - statutory - no

force 1 Violent Yes

Statutory Rape, Conspiracy 62 Statutory Rape, Conspiracy 7 Rape - statutory - no

force 1 Violent Yes

Aggravated Sexual Abuse 70 Sexual Assault 8 Sexual assault - other 1 Violent Yes

Fondling, Unspecified 70 Sexual Assault 8 Sexual assault - other 1 Violent Yes

Gross Sexual Attempt 70 Sexual Assault 8 Sexual assault - other 1 Violent Yes

Gross Sexual Imposition by Force 70 Sexual Assault 8 Sexual assault -

other 1 Violent Yes

Indecent Assault 70 Sexual Assault 8 Sexual assault - other 1 Violent Yes

Molestation, Unspecified 70 Sexual Assault 8 Sexual assault - other 1 Violent Yes

Sex by Deception 70 Sexual Assault 8 Sexual assault - other 1 Violent Yes

Sex Offenders Act 70 Sexual Assault 8 Sexual assault - other 1 Violent Yes

Sexual Abuse 70 Sexual Assault 8 Sexual assault - other 1 Violent Yes



BJS

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Sexual Assaults, Except Rape, Statutory Rape, Lewd Act with Child, or Forcible Sodomy

70 Sexual Assault 8 Sexual assault - other 1 Violent Yes

Sexual Assault, Other, Unspecified 70 Sexual Assault 8 Sexual assault -

other 1 Violent Yes

Sexual Misconduct 70 Sexual Assault 8 Sexual assault - other 1 Violent Yes

Indecent Liberties, Unspecified 70 Sexual Assault 8 Sexual assault -

other 1 Violent Yes

Sexual Assault, Attempted 71 Sexual Assault, Attempted 8 Sexual assault -

other 1 Violent Yes

Sexual Assault, Conspiracy 72 Sexual Assault, Conspiracy 8 Sexual assault -

other 1 Violent Yes

Fondling of a Child 80 Child Molestation 9 Lewd act with children 1 Violent Yes

Indecent Behavior with a Juvenile 80 Child Molestation 9 Lewd act with

children 1 Violent Yes

Indecent or Immoral Practices with a Child 80 Child Molestation 9 Lewd act with

children 1 Violent Yes

Indulging in Lewd and Indecent Practices with a Child

80 Child Molestation 9 Lewd act with children 1 Violent Yes

Lewd Act with Child 80 Child Molestation 9 Lewd act with children 1 Violent Yes

Lewdness with a Child 80 Child Molestation 9 Lewd act with children 1 Violent Yes

Liberties with a Child 80 Child Molestation 9 Lewd act with children 1 Violent Yes

Molestation of a Child 80 Child Molestation 9 Lewd act with children 1 Violent Yes

Molesting Child 80 Child Molestation 9 Lewd act with children 1 Violent Yes

Taking Immodest and Immoral Liberties with a Child

80 Child Molestation 9 Lewd act with children 1 Violent Yes

Lewd Act with a Child, Attempted 81 Child Molestation,

Attempted 9 Lewd act with children 1 Violent Yes

Lewd Act with a Child, Conspiracy 82 Child Molestation,

Conspiracy 9 Lewd act with children 1 Violent Yes



BJS

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Aggravated Robbery 90 Armed Robbery 10 Armed robbery 1 Violent NoAiding and Abetting Robbery 90 Armed Robbery 10 Armed robbery 1 Violent NoAR (Armed Robbery) 90 Armed Robbery 10 Armed robbery 1 Violent NoArmed Robbery 90 Armed Robbery 10 Armed robbery 1 Violent NoArmed Burglary 90 Armed Robbery 10 Armed robbery 1 Violent NoAssault and Robbery 90 Armed Robbery 10 Armed robbery 1 Violent NoCarjacking 90 Armed Robbery 10 Armed robbery 1 Violent NoForcibly and Violently Demanding Money from Another

90 Armed Robbery 10 Armed robbery 1 Violent No

Forcible Robbery 90 Armed Robbery 10 Armed robbery 1 Violent NoHeist, Armed 90 Armed Robbery 10 Armed robbery 1 Violent NoMugging, Armed 90 Armed Robbery 10 Armed robbery 1 Violent NoRobbery, Armed 90 Armed Robbery 10 Armed robbery 1 Violent NoRobbery by Force 90 Armed Robbery 10 Armed robbery 1 Violent NoRobbery with Violence 90 Armed Robbery 10 Armed robbery 1 Violent NoRobbery with Firearms 90 Armed Robbery 10 Armed robbery 1 Violent NoRobbery with D D W (Dangerous and Deadly Weapon)

90 Armed Robbery 10 Armed robbery 1 Violent No

Robbery, Unspecified 90 Armed Robbery 10 Armed robbery 1 Violent NoArmed Assault with Intent to Rob 91 Armed Robbery,

Attempted 10 Armed robbery 1 Violent No

Armed Robbery, Attempted 91 Armed Robbery, Attempted 10 Armed robbery 1 Violent No

Assault and Battery with Intent to Rob 91 Armed Robbery,


Assault with Intent to Commit Robbery 91 Armed Robbery,


Carjacking, Attempted 91 Armed Robbery, Attempted 10 Armed robbery 1 Violent No

Armed Robbery, Conspiracy 92 Armed Robbery, Conspiracy 10 Armed robbery 1 Violent No

Carjacking, Conspiracy 92 Armed Robbery, Conspiracy 10 Armed robbery 1 Violent No

Heist 100 Unarmed Robbery 11 Unarmed robbery 1 Violent NoHeist, Unarmed 100 Unarmed Robbery 11 Unarmed robbery 1 Violent No



BJS

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Mugging 100 Unarmed Robbery 11 Unarmed robbery 1 Violent NoMugging, Unarmed 100 Unarmed Robbery 11 Unarmed robbery 1 Violent NoPurse Snatching, Forcible 100 Unarmed Robbery 11 Unarmed robbery 1 Violent NoSimple Robbery 100 Unarmed Robbery 11 Unarmed robbery 1 Violent NoStrongarm Robbery 100 Unarmed Robbery 11 Unarmed robbery 1 Violent NoUnarmed Robbery 100 Unarmed Robbery 11 Unarmed robbery 1 Violent No

Unarmed Robbery, Attempted 101 Unarmed Robbery, Attempted 11 Unarmed robbery 1 Violent No

Unarmed Robbery, Conspiracy 102 Unarmed Robbery,

Conspiracy 11 Unarmed robbery 1 Violent No

Buggery, Force 110 Forcible Sodomy 12 Forcible sodomy 1 Violent YesDeviate Sexual Intercourse by Force 110 Forcible Sodomy 12 Forcible sodomy 1 Violent Yes

Forcible Sodomy 110 Forcible Sodomy 12 Forcible sodomy 1 Violent YesRape of a Male 110 Forcible Sodomy 12 Forcible sodomy 1 Violent YesSexual Assault - Sodomy 110 Forcible Sodomy 12 Forcible sodomy 1 Violent YesAssault with Intent to Commit Sodomy 111 Forcible Sodomy,

Attempted 12 Forcible sodomy 1 Violent Yes

Attempted Sodomy - Forcible 111 Forcible Sodomy, Attempted 12 Forcible sodomy 1 Violent Yes

Conspiracy to Commit Sodomy - Forcible 112 Forcible Sodomy,

Conspiracy 12 Forcible sodomy 1 Violent Yes

Aggravated Assault 120 Aggravated Assault 13 Aggravated assault 1 Violent NoAggravated Battery 120 Aggravated Assault 13 Aggravated assault 1 Violent NoArmed Assault 120 Aggravated Assault 13 Aggravated assault 1 Violent NoAssault, Aggravated 120 Aggravated Assault 13 Aggravated assault 1 Violent NoAssault and Battery 120 Aggravated Assault 13 Aggravated assault 1 Violent NoAssault and Battery with a Dangerous Weapon 120 Aggravated Assault 13 Aggravated assault 1 Violent No

Assault, First Degree 120 Aggravated Assault 13 Aggravated assault 1 Violent NoAssault on a Child 120 Aggravated Assault 13 Aggravated assault 1 Violent NoAssault with a Dangerous Weapon 120 Aggravated Assault 13 Aggravated assault 1 Violent No

Assault with a Deadly Weapon 120 Aggravated Assault 13 Aggravated assault 1 Violent NoAssault with Intent to Commit a Felony 120 Aggravated Assault 13 Aggravated assault 1 Violent No



BJS

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Assault with Intent to Commit a Moral Offense 120 Aggravated Assault 13 Aggravated assault 1 Violent No

Assault with Intent to Maim or Wound 120 Aggravated Assault 13 Aggravated assault 1 Violent No

Assault with a Motor Vehicle 120 Aggravated Assault 13 Aggravated assault 1 Violent NoAssault, Unspecified 120 Aggravated Assault 13 Aggravated assault 1 Violent NoAWIGBH (Assault with Intent to do Great Bodily Harm) 120 Aggravated Assault 13 Aggravated assault 1 Violent No

Criminal Injury to Persons 120 Aggravated Assault 13 Aggravated assault 1 Violent NoDomestic Violence 120 Aggravated Assault 13 Aggravated assault 1 Violent NoFelonious Assault and Battery 120 Aggravated Assault 13 Aggravated assault 1 Violent NoFelonious Maiming 120 Aggravated Assault 13 Aggravated assault 1 Violent NoFiring a Weapon into a Dwellinghouse 120 Aggravated Assault 13 Aggravated assault 1 Violent No

Maiming and Mutilation 120 Aggravated Assault 13 Aggravated assault 1 Violent NoMaiming and Wounding 120 Aggravated Assault 13 Aggravated assault 1 Violent NoMalicious Cutting and Wounding 120 Aggravated Assault 13 Aggravated assault 1 Violent No

Malicious Shooting and Wounding 120 Aggravated Assault 13 Aggravated assault 1 Violent No

Malicious Shooting without Wounding 120 Aggravated Assault 13 Aggravated assault 1 Violent No

Mayhem 120 Aggravated Assault 13 Aggravated assault 1 Violent NoPoint, Aim, and Discharge a Deadly Weapon 120 Aggravated Assault 13 Aggravated assault 1 Violent No

Striking and Beating with a Weapon 120 Aggravated Assault 13 Aggravated assault 1 Violent No

Shooting and Wounding without killing 120 Aggravated Assault 13 Aggravated assault 1 Violent No

Unlawful Wounding 120 Aggravated Assault 13 Aggravated assault 1 Violent NoVehicular Assault 120 Aggravated Assault 13 Aggravated assault 1 Violent NoWounding 120 Aggravated Assault 13 Aggravated assault 1 Violent NoAggravated Assault, Attempted 121 Aggravated Assault,

Attempted 13 Aggravated assault 1 Violent No

Aggravated Assault, Conspiracy 122 Aggravated Assault,

Conspiracy 13 Aggravated assault 1 Violent No

Assault, Simple 130 Simple Assault 14 Simple assault 1 Violent No



BJS

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Hazing 130 Simple Assault 14 Simple assault 1 Violent NoMisdemeanor Assault 130 Simple Assault 14 Simple assault 1 Violent NoSimple Assault 130 Simple Assault 14 Simple assault 1 Violent NoStriking and Beating 130 Simple Assault 14 Simple assault 1 Violent NoThreat to do Bodily Harm 130 Simple Assault 14 Simple assault 1 Violent No

Simple Assault, Attempted 131 Simple Assault, Attempted 14 Simple assault 1 Violent No

Simple Assault, Conspiracy 132 Simple Assault, Conspiracy 14 Simple assault 1 Violent No

Assault of a Corrections Officer 140 Assault of an Officer 15 Assaulting public

officer 1 Violent No

Assault on a Fireman 140 Assault of an Officer 15 Assaulting public officer 1 Violent No

Assault on a Public Safety Officer 140 Assault of an Officer 15 Assaulting public


Striking a Public Safety Officer 140 Assault of an Officer 15 Assaulting public


Threatening a Public Safety Officer 140 Assault of an Officer 15 Assaulting public


Assault, Public Safety Officer, Attempted 141 Assault of an Officer,

Attempted 15 Assaulting public officer 1 Violent No

Assault, Public Safety Officer, Conspiracy 142 Assault of an Officer,

Conspiracy 15 Assaulting public officer 1 Violent No

Blackmail 150 Extortion/Threat 16 Blackmail/extortion/intimidation 1 Violent No

Coercion 150 Extortion/Threat 16 Blackmail/extortion/intimidation 1 Violent No

Demanding Things by Threat 150 Extortion/Threat 16 Blackmail/extortion/intimidation 1 Violent No

Extortion 150 Extortion/Threat 16 Blackmail/extortion/intimidation 1 Violent No

Intimidation 150 Extortion/Threat 16 Blackmail/extortion/intimidation 1 Violent No

Menacing 150 Extortion/Threat 16 Blackmail/extortion/intimidation 1 Violent No

Menacing with a Deadly Weapon 150 Extortion/Threat 16 Blackmail/extortion/

intimidation 1 Violent No



BJS

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Obtain Menace (Extortion) 150 Extortion/Threat 16 Blackmail/extortion/intimidation 1 Violent No

Oral Threat 150 Extortion/Threat 16 Blackmail/extortion/intimidation 1 Violent No

Terroristic Threat 150 Extortion/Threat 16 Blackmail/extortion/intimidation 1 Violent No

Threat to Bomb 150 Extortion/Threat 16 Blackmail/extortion/intimidation 1 Violent No

Threat to Burn 150 Extortion/Threat 16 Blackmail/extortion/intimidation 1 Violent No

Threatening Communications 150 Extortion/Threat 16 Blackmail/extortion/intimidation 1 Violent No

Threatening to Commit Offense 150 Extortion/Threat 16 Blackmail/extortion/


Extortion, Attempted 151 Extortion/Threat, Attempted 16 Blackmail/extortion/


Extortion, Conspiracy 152 Extortion/Threat, Conspiracy 16 Blackmail/extortion/


Hit and Run with Bodily Injury 160 Hit and Run with

Bodily Injury 17 Hit and run driving 1 Violent No

Leaving the Scene of an Accident with Bodily Injury 160 Hit and Run with

Bodily Injury 17 Hit and run driving 1 Violent No

Hit and Run with Bodily Injury, Attempted 161

Hit and Run with Bodily Injury, Attempted

17 Hit and run driving 1 Violent No

Hit and Run with Bodily Injury, Conspiracy 162

Hit and Run with Bodily Injury, Conspiracy

17 Hit and run driving 1 Violent No

Child Abuse 170 Child Abuse 18 Child abuse 1 Violent NoCruelty to Juvenile 170 Child Abuse 18 Child abuse 1 Violent No

Child Abuse, Attempted 171 Child Abuse, Attempted 18 Child abuse 1 Violent No

Child Abuse, Conspiracy 172 Child Abuse, Conspiracy 18 Child abuse 1 Violent No

Abortion 180 Violent Offense, Other 19 Violent offenses -

other 1 Violent No

Aiding a Suicide 180 Violent Offense, Other 19 Violent offenses -

other 1 Violent No



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Assault, Except Aggravated, Child Abuse, or Simple 180 Violent Offense,

Other 19 Violent offenses - other 1 Violent No

Child Endangerment 180 Violent Offense, Other 19 Violent offenses -

other 1 Violent No

Criminal Endangerment 180 Violent Offense, Other 19 Violent offenses -

other 1 Violent No

Criminal Transmission of HIV 180 Violent Offense, Other 19 Violent offenses -

other 1 Violent No

Criminal Trespass (Against a Person) 180 Violent Offense,

Other 19 Violent offenses - other 1 Violent No

Gang Related Violence 180 Violent Offense, Other 19 Violent offenses -

other 1 Violent No

Inf (Infamous) Crime 180 Violent Offense, Other 19 Violent offenses -

other 1 Violent No

Infamous Crime 180 Violent Offense, Other 19 Violent offenses -

other 1 Violent No

Reckless Endangerment 180 Violent Offense, Other 19 Violent offenses -

other 1 Violent No

Tampering with a Commercial Product with Intent to Extort or Cause Injury

180 Violent Offense, Other 19 Violent offenses -

other 1 Violent No

Trespassing (Against a Person) 180 Violent Offense, Other 19 Violent offenses -

other 1 Violent No

Accessory to Burglary 190 Burglary 20 Burglary 2 Property NoAiding and Abetting in Storehouse Breaking 190 Burglary 20 Burglary 2 Property No

B and E (Breaking and Entering) 190 Burglary 20 Burglary 2 Property No

BEL (Breaking and Entering with Larceny) 190 Burglary 20 Burglary 2 Property No

BELDT (Breaking and Entering with Larceny in the Day Time)

190 Burglary 20 Burglary 2 Property No

BELNT (Breaking and Entering with Larceny in the Night Time)


BENT (Breaking and Entering in the Night Time) 190 Burglary 20 Burglary 2 Property No



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Breaking and Entering with Intent to Commit Larceny 190 Burglary 20 Burglary 2 Property No

Breaking and Entering 190 Burglary 20 Burglary 2 Property NoBreaking into a Deposit Box or ATM 190 Burglary 20 Burglary 2 Property No

Burglary 190 Burglary 20 Burglary 2 Property NoDHB (Dwellinghouse Breaking) 190 Burglary 20 Burglary 2 Property No

Dwellinghouse Breaking 190 Burglary 20 Burglary 2 Property NoEntering a Building while Armed to Steal 190 Burglary 20 Burglary 2 Property No

Entering Without Breaking with Intent to Commit a Felony


House Breaking 190 Burglary 20 Burglary 2 Property NoIllegal Entry, with Intent to Commit a Felony 190 Burglary 20 Burglary 2 Property No

Malicious Burglary of Property 190 Burglary 20 Burglary 2 Property No

Safecracking 190 Burglary 20 Burglary 2 Property NoSimple Burglary 190 Burglary 20 Burglary 2 Property NoStorehouse Breaking 190 Burglary 20 Burglary 2 Property NoBurglary, Attempted 191 Burglary, Attempted 20 Burglary 2 Property No

Burglary, Conspiracy 192 Burglary, Conspiracy 20 Burglary 2 Property No

Aggravated Arson 200 Arson 21 Arson 2 Property NoArson 200 Arson 21 Arson 2 Property NoBurning an Automobile 200 Arson 21 Arson 2 Property NoBurning a Thing of Value 200 Arson 21 Arson 2 Property NoBombing 200 Arson 21 Arson 2 Property NoWillfully Causing an Explosion 200 Arson 21 Arson 2 Property No

Arson, Attempted 201 Arson, Attempted 21 Arson 2 Property NoArson, Conspiracy 202 Arson, Conspiracy 21 Arson 2 Property NoAltering Auto Serial Number Plate 210 Auto Theft 22 Auto theft 2 Property No

Auto Theft 210 Auto Theft 22 Auto theft 2 Property No



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Conversion of a Motor Vehicle 210 Auto Theft 22 Auto theft 2 Property NoInterstate Transportation of Stolen Vehicle 210 Auto Theft 22 Auto theft 2 Property No

Larceny of an Automobile 210 Auto Theft 22 Auto theft 2 Property NoPossession of a Stolen Vehicle 210 Auto Theft 22 Auto theft 2 Property NoReceiving and Transferring a Stolen Vehicle 210 Auto Theft 22 Auto theft 2 Property No

Stealing a Motor Vehicle 210 Auto Theft 22 Auto theft 2 Property NoTaking a Vehicle 210 Auto Theft 22 Auto theft 2 Property NoTheft of a Motor Vehicle 210 Auto Theft 22 Auto theft 2 Property No

Auto Theft, Attempted 211 Auto Theft, Attempted 22 Auto theft 2 Property No

Auto Theft, Conspiracy 212 Auto Theft, Conspiracy 22 Auto theft 2 Property No

Aiding and Abetting a Forgery 220 Forgery/Fraud 23 Forgery/fraud 2 Property NoAltering Serial Number (Other than Auto) 220 Forgery/Fraud 23 Forgery/fraud 2 Property No

Bad Check 220 Forgery/Fraud 23 Forgery/fraud 2 Property NoBogus Check 220 Forgery/Fraud 23 Forgery/fraud 2 Property NoCheating by False Pretenses 220 Forgery/Fraud 23 Forgery/fraud 2 Property NoCheck Fraud 220 Forgery/Fraud 23 Forgery/fraud 2 Property NoCheck Law Violation 220 Forgery/Fraud 23 Forgery/fraud 2 Property NoCold Checks 220 Forgery/Fraud 23 Forgery/fraud 2 Property NoConfidence Game 220 Forgery/Fraud 23 Forgery/fraud 2 Property NoConversion (Fraudulent) 220 Forgery/Fraud 23 Forgery/fraud 2 Property NoCounterfeiting 220 Forgery/Fraud 23 Forgery/fraud 2 Property NoCriminal Impersonation 220 Forgery/Fraud 23 Forgery/fraud 2 Property NoDelivering a Cold Check 220 Forgery/Fraud 23 Forgery/fraud 2 Property NoDisposing of Mortgaged Property 220 Forgery/Fraud 23 Forgery/fraud 2 Property No

Distributing a Forged or Bogus Check 220 Forgery/Fraud 23 Forgery/fraud 2 Property No

False Pretenses 220 Forgery/Fraud 23 Forgery/fraud 2 Property NoFictitious Check 220 Forgery/Fraud 23 Forgery/fraud 2 Property NoForgery 220 Forgery/Fraud 23 Forgery/fraud 2 Property NoForgery of Credit Device 220 Forgery/Fraud 23 Forgery/fraud 2 Property No



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Fraud 220 Forgery/Fraud 23 Forgery/fraud 2 Property NoFraud by Check 220 Forgery/Fraud 23 Forgery/fraud 2 Property NoFraudulent Representation 220 Forgery/Fraud 23 Forgery/fraud 2 Property NoFraudulent Use of Credit Card 220 Forgery/Fraud 23 Forgery/fraud 2 Property NoImpairing a Security Interest 220 Forgery/Fraud 23 Forgery/fraud 2 Property NoInjury to Bank Deposits 220 Forgery/Fraud 23 Forgery/fraud 2 Property NoInsufficient Funds Check 220 Forgery/Fraud 23 Forgery/fraud 2 Property NoInterfering with a Security Interest 220 Forgery/Fraud 23 Forgery/fraud 2 Property No

Interstate Transportation of Forged Securities 220 Forgery/Fraud 23 Forgery/fraud 2 Property No

Interstate Transportation of Stolen Checks 220 Forgery/Fraud 23 Forgery/fraud 2 Property No

Issuing a Check Without Funds 220 Forgery/Fraud 23 Forgery/fraud 2 Property No

Issuing a Fictitious Check 220 Forgery/Fraud 23 Forgery/fraud 2 Property NoIssuing Worthless Checks 220 Forgery/Fraud 23 Forgery/fraud 2 Property NoLarceny by Check 220 Forgery/Fraud 23 Forgery/fraud 2 Property NoNo Account 220 Forgery/Fraud 23 Forgery/fraud 2 Property NoObtaining a thing of Value (Money) by False Pretenses 220 Forgery/Fraud 23 Forgery/fraud 2 Property No

Obtaining Unauthorized Control Over Property 220 Forgery/Fraud 23 Forgery/fraud 2 Property No

Passing a Forged or Bogus Check 220 Forgery/Fraud 23 Forgery/fraud 2 Property No

Passing a Worthless Check 220 Forgery/Fraud 23 Forgery/fraud 2 Property NoPublishing a Forged Instrument 220 Forgery/Fraud 23 Forgery/fraud 2 Property No

Purchase under a Fictitious Name 220 Forgery/Fraud 23 Forgery/fraud 2 Property No

Short Check 220 Forgery/Fraud 23 Forgery/fraud 2 Property NoStealing a Thing of Value by Deceit 220 Forgery/Fraud 23 Forgery/fraud 2 Property No

Swindling 220 Forgery/Fraud 23 Forgery/fraud 2 Property NoTheft by Deception 220 Forgery/Fraud 23 Forgery/fraud 2 Property NoTheft by Worthless Checks 220 Forgery/Fraud 23 Forgery/fraud 2 Property NoTrafficking Stolen Credit Card 220 Forgery/Fraud 23 Forgery/fraud 2 Property No



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UFIC (Uttering a Forged Instrument, Check) 220 Forgery/Fraud 23 Forgery/fraud 2 Property No

UFIW (Uttering a Forged Instrument in Writing) 220 Forgery/Fraud 23 Forgery/fraud 2 Property No

Unlawfully Obtaining Telephone Services without Intention to Pay

220 Forgery/Fraud 23 Forgery/fraud 2 Property No

Uttering a Cold Check 220 Forgery/Fraud 23 Forgery/fraud 2 Property NoUttering a Forged or Bogus Instrument 220 Forgery/Fraud 23 Forgery/fraud 2 Property No

Uttering a Forged or Bogus Check 220 Forgery/Fraud 23 Forgery/fraud 2 Property No

Violation of Check Law 220 Forgery/Fraud 23 Forgery/fraud 2 Property NoWorthless Checks 220 Forgery/Fraud 23 Forgery/fraud 2 Property No

Forgery/Fraud, Attempted 221 Forgery/Fraud, Attempted 23 Forgery/fraud 2 Property No

Forgery/Fraud, Conspiracy 222 Forgery/Fraud, Conspiracy 23 Forgery/fraud 2 Property No

Boosting (Shoplifting), Grand 230 Grand Theft (>$200) 24 Grand larceny - theft over $200 2 Property No

Burglary of Contents of a Motor Vehicle 230 Grand Theft (>$200) 24 Grand larceny - theft

over $200 2 Property No

Grand Larceny 230 Grand Theft (>$200) 24 Grand larceny - theft over $200 2 Property No

Grand Stealing 230 Grand Theft (>$200) 24 Grand larceny - theft over $200 2 Property No

Larceny by Bailee, Grand 230 Grand Theft (>$200) 24 Grand larceny - theft over $200 2 Property No

Larceny from an Automobile, Grand 230 Grand Theft (>$200) 24 Grand larceny - theft


Larceny from a person, Grand 230 Grand Theft (>$200) 24 Grand larceny - theft over $200 2 Property No

Mail Theft 230 Grand Theft (>$200) 24 Grand larceny - theft over $200 2 Property No

Pick-pocketing, Over $200 230 Grand Theft (>$200) 24 Grand larceny - theft over $200 2 Property No

Removal of Auto Parts, Grand 230 Grand Theft (>$200) 24 Grand larceny - theft over $200 2 Property No



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Shoplifting, Grand 230 Grand Theft (>$200) 24 Grand larceny - theft over $200 2 Property No

Snatch and Grab, Grand 230 Grand Theft (>$200) 24 Grand larceny - theft over $200 2 Property No

Stealing Cattle 230 Grand Theft (>$200) 24 Grand larceny - theft over $200 2 Property No

Stealing, Grand 230 Grand Theft (>$200) 24 Grand larceny - theft over $200 2 Property No

Stealing a Thing of Value, Except a Motor Vehicle, Grand

230 Grand Theft (>$200) 24 Grand larceny - theft over $200 2 Property No

Theft, Grand 230 Grand Theft (>$200) 24 Grand larceny - theft over $200 2 Property No

Theft from a Motor Vehicle, Grand 230 Grand Theft (>$200) 24 Grand larceny - theft


Theft from a person, Grand 230 Grand Theft (>$200) 24 Grand larceny - theft over $200 2 Property No

Theft of Rental Property, Grand 230 Grand Theft (>$200) 24 Grand larceny - theft


Larceny/Theft, $200 or Over (Grand) Attempted 231 Grand Theft (>$200),

Attempted 24 Grand larceny - theft over $200 2 Property No

Larceny/Theft, $200 or Over (Grand) Conspiracy 232 Grand Theft (>$200),

Conspiracy 24 Grand larceny - theft over $200 2 Property No

Boosting (Shoplifting), Petty 240 Petty Theft (<$200) 25 Petty larceny - theft under $200 2 Property No

Burglary of Contents of a Motor Vehicle 240 Petty Theft (<$200) 25 Petty larceny - theft

under $200 2 Property No

Larceny from an Automobile, Petty 240 Petty Theft (<$200) 25 Petty larceny - theft


Larceny from a Person, Petty 240 Petty Theft (<$200) 25 Petty larceny - theft under $200 2 Property No

Larceny/Theft, Under $200 (Petty) 240 Petty Theft (<$200) 25 Petty larceny - theft


Misdemeanant Theft 240 Petty Theft (<$200) 25 Petty larceny - theft under $200 2 Property No

Petit Larceny 240 Petty Theft (<$200) 25 Petty larceny - theft under $200 2 Property No

Petty Larceny 240 Petty Theft (<$200) 25 Petty larceny - theft under $200 2 Property No



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Pick-pocketing, Under $200 240 Petty Theft (<$200) 25 Petty larceny - theft under $200 2 Property No

Removal of Auto Parts, Petty 240 Petty Theft (<$200) 25 Petty larceny - theft under $200 2 Property No

Shoplifting, Petty 240 Petty Theft (<$200) 25 Petty larceny - theft under $200 2 Property No

Snatch and Grab, Petty 240 Petty Theft (<$200) 25 Petty larceny - theft under $200 2 Property No

Stealing a Thing of Value, Except a Motor Vehicle, Petty 240 Petty Theft (<$200) 25 Petty larceny - theft


Stealing from a person, Petty 240 Petty Theft (<$200) 25 Petty larceny - theft under $200 2 Property No

Stealing License Plates, Petty 240 Petty Theft (<$200) 25 Petty larceny - theft under $200 2 Property No

Stealing, Petty 240 Petty Theft (<$200) 25 Petty larceny - theft under $200 2 Property No

Theft from a Motor Vehicle, Petty 240 Petty Theft (<$200) 25 Petty larceny - theft


Theft of Rental Property, Petty 240 Petty Theft (<$200) 25 Petty larceny - theft under $200 2 Property No

Theft, Petty 240 Petty Theft (<$200) 25 Petty larceny - theft under $200 2 Property No

Larceny/Theft, Under $200 (Petty), Attempted 241 Petty Theft (<$200),

Attempted 25 Petty larceny - theft under $200 2 Property No

Larceny/Theft, Under $200 (Petty), Conspiracy 242 Petty Theft (<$200),

Conspiracy 25 Petty larceny - theft under $200 2 Property No

Burglary of Contents of a Motor Vehicle 250 Theft, Value

Unknown 26 Larceny/theft - value unknown 2 Property No

Larceny 250 Theft, Value Unknown 26 Larceny/theft - value

unknown 2 Property No

Larceny from an Automobile, Value Unknown 250 Theft, Value


Larceny from a person, Value Unknown 250 Theft, Value


Larceny/Theft-Value Unknown 250 Theft, Value


Pick-pocketing, Value Unknown 250 Theft, Value




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Purse Snatching, No Force or Unspecified 250 Theft, Value


Removal of Auto Parts, Value Unknown 250 Theft, Value


Shoplifting, Value Unknown 250 Theft, Value Unknown 26 Larceny/theft - value


Snatch and Grab, Value Unknown 250 Theft, Value


Stealing a Thing of Value, Except a Motor Vehicle, Value Unknown

250 Theft, Value Unknown 26 Larceny/theft - value


Stealing License Plates, Value Unknown 250 Theft, Value


Stealing, Value Unknown 250 Theft, Value Unknown 26 Larceny/theft - value


Theft of Rental Property, Value Unknown 250 Theft, Value


Theft of Services 250 Theft, Value Unknown 26 Larceny/theft - value


Theft of Services (i.e. Cable TV Signals) 250 Theft, Value


Theft from a Motor Vehicle, Value Unknown 250 Theft, Value


Theft from a Person, Value Unknown 250 Theft, Value


Theft, Value Unknown 250 Theft, Value Unknown 26 Larceny/theft - value


Larceny/Theft-Value Unknown, Attempted 251

Theft, Value Unknown, Attempted

26 Larceny/theft - value unknown 2 Property No

Larceny/Theft-Value Unknown, Conspiracy 252

Theft, Value Unknown, Conspiracy

26 Larceny/theft - value unknown 2 Property No

Embezzlement 260 Embezzlement 27 Embezzlement 2 Property NoMisapplication of Money or Property 260 Embezzlement 27 Embezzlement 2 Property No

Embezzlement, Attempted 261 Embezzlement, Attempted 27 Embezzlement 2 Property No



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Embezzlement, Conspiracy 262 Embezzlement, Conspiracy 27 Embezzlement 2 Property No

Concealing Stolen Property 270 Receiving Stolen Property 28 Stolen property -

receiving 2 Property No

Obtaining Control over Stolen Property 270 Receiving Stolen

Property 28 Stolen property - receiving 2 Property No

Possession of Stolen Property 270 Receiving Stolen Property 28 Stolen property -


Receiving Stolen Property 270 Receiving Stolen Property 28 Stolen property -


RSP (Receiving Stolen Property) 270 Receiving Stolen

Property 28 Stolen property - receiving 2 Property No

Stolen Property, Possession 270 Receiving Stolen Property 28 Stolen property -


Stolen Property, Receiving 270 Receiving Stolen Property 28 Stolen property -


Stolen Property, Attempted 271 Receiving Stolen Property, Attempted 28 Stolen property -


Stolen Property, Conspiracy 272Receiving Stolen Property, Conspiracy

28 Stolen property - receiving 2 Property No

Sale of Stolen Property 280 Sale of Stolen Property 29 Stolen property -

trafficking 2 Property No

Stolen Property, Trafficking 280 Sale of Stolen Property 29 Stolen property -

trafficking 2 Property No

Transportation of Stolen Property 280 Sale of Stolen

Property 29 Stolen property - trafficking 2 Property No

Stolen Property-Trafficking, Attempted 281 Sale of Stolen

Property, Attempted 29 Stolen property - trafficking 2 Property No

Stolen Property-Trafficking, Conspiracy 282

Sale of Stolen Property, Conspiracy

29 Stolen property - trafficking 2 Property No

Criminal Damage to Property 290 Destruction of Property 30 Destruction of

property 2 Property No

Criminal Mischief 290 Destruction of Property 30 Destruction of


Criminal Tampering 290 Destruction of Property 30 Destruction of




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Destruction of Property 290 Destruction of Property 30 Destruction of


Malicious Mischief 290 Destruction of Property 30 Destruction of


Tampering with Motor Vehicle Without Consent 290 Destruction of

Property 30 Destruction of property 2 Property No

Unlawful Killing of Livestock 290 Destruction of Property 30 Destruction of


Vandalism 290 Destruction of Property 30 Destruction of


Destruction of Property, Attempted 291 Destruction of

Property, Attempted 30 Destruction of property 2 Property No

Destruction of Property, Conspiracy 292

Destruction of Property, Conspiracy

30 Destruction of property 2 Property No

Hit and Run Driving with Property Damage 300

Hit and Run Driving with Property Damage

31 Hit/run driving - property damage 2 Property No

Leaving the Scene of an Accident with Property Damage

300Hit and Run Driving with Property Damage

31 Hit/run driving - property damage 2 Property No

Entering a Motor Vehicle 310 Unauthorized use of Vehicle 32 Unauthorized use of

vehicle 2 Property No

Failure to Return a Rented Vehicle 310 Unauthorized use of

Vehicle 32 Unauthorized use of vehicle 2 Property No

Joyriding 310 Unauthorized use of Vehicle 32 Unauthorized use of

vehicle 2 Property No

Unauthorized Entry of a Motor Vehicle 310 Unauthorized use of


Unauthorized Use of a Motor Vehicle 310 Unauthorized use of


Using Car Without Owner's Consent 310 Unauthorized use of


Unauthorized use of Vehicle, Attempted 311 Unauthorized use of

Vehicle, Attempted 32 Unauthorized use of vehicle 2 Property No

Unauthorized use of Vehicle, Conspiracy 312 Unauthorized use of

Vehicle, Conspiracy 32 Unauthorized use of vehicle 2 Property No

Criminal Trespass (Against Property) 320 Criminal Trespass 33 Trespassing 2 Property No



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Entering, Unspecified 320 Criminal Trespass 33 Trespassing 2 Property NoFailure to Leave When Ordered 320 Criminal Trespass 33 Trespassing 2 Property No

Illegal Entry, with No Intent to Commit a Larceny 320 Criminal Trespass 33 Trespassing 2 Property No

Trespass (Against Property) 320 Criminal Trespass 33 Trespassing 2 Property NoUnauthorized Entry 320 Criminal Trespass 33 Trespassing 2 Property NoTrespassing, Against Property, Attempted 321 Criminal Trespass,

Attempted 33 Trespassing 2 Property No

Trespassing, Against Property, Conspiracy 322 Criminal Trespass,

Conspiracy 33 Trespassing 2 Property No

Computer Crimes 330 Other Property Offense 34 Property offenses -

other 2 Property No

Pirating Tapes and Videos 330 Other Property Offense 34 Property offenses -

other 2 Property No

Plagiary 330 Other Property Offense 34 Property offenses -

other 2 Property No

Property Offenses, Other Types, N.E.C. 330 Other Property

Offense 34 Property offenses - other 2 Property No

Other Property, Attempt, N.E.C. 331 Other Property

Offense, Attempt 34 Property offenses - other 2 Property No

Other Property, Conspiracy, N.E.C. 332 Other Property

Offense, Conspiracy 34 Property offenses - other 2 Property No

Escape Implements (Tools) 333 Possession of Burglary Tools 34 Property offenses -

other 2 Property No

Possession of Burglary Tools 333 Possession of Burglary Tools 34 Property offenses -

other 2 Property No

Attempt to Possess Burglary Tools 334 Attempt to Possess

Burglary Tools 34 Property offenses - other 2 Property No

Conspiracy to Possess Burglary Tools 335

Conspiracy to Possess Burglary Tools

34 Property offenses - other 2 Property No

Delivery of Heroin 340 Distribution Heroin 35 Distribution - heroin 3 Drug NoDistributing or Dispensing Heroin 340 Distribution Heroin 35 Distribution - heroin 3 Drug No

Importing or Smuggling Heroin 340 Distribution Heroin 35 Distribution - heroin 3 Drug No

Manufacture of Heroin 340 Distribution Heroin 35 Distribution - heroin 3 Drug No



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Possession of Heroin for Sale or Other Disposal 340 Distribution Heroin 35 Distribution - heroin 3 Drug No

Sale of Heroin 340 Distribution Heroin 35 Distribution - heroin 3 Drug NoDistribution in Heroin 340 Distribution Heroin 35 Distribution - heroin 3 Drug NoDistribution, Heroin, Attempted 341 Distribution, Heroin,

Attempted 35 Distribution - heroin 3 Drug No

Distribution, Heroin, Conspiracy 342 Distribution, Heroin,

Conspiracy 35 Distribution - heroin 3 Drug No

Delivery, Distribution, sale, importation, manufacturing of Cocaine or Crack

345 Distribution Cocaine or Crack 36 Distribution -

cocaine or crack 3 Drug No

Possession of Cocaine or Crack with intent to Distribute or sell

345 Distribution Cocaine or Crack 36 Distribution -

cocaine or crack 3 Drug No

Distributing, Distribution of Cocaine or Crack, Attempted 346

Distribution Cocaine or Crack, Attempted

36 Distribution - cocaine or crack 3 Drug No

Distributing, Distribution of Cocaine or Crack, Conspiracy 347

Distribution Cocaine or Crack, Conspiracy

36 Distribution - cocaine or crack 3 Drug No

Delivery of Dangerous Drug or Hallucinogen 350

Distribution Other Controlled Substances


3 Drug No

Delivery of Narcotic other than Heroin 350



3 Drug No

Distributing or Dispensing Dangerous Drug or Hallucinogen

350Distribution Other Controlled Substances


3 Drug No

Distributing or Dispensing Narcotic other than Heroin, Cocaine, or Crack



3 Drug No

Importing or Smuggling Dangerous Drug or Hallucinogen



3 Drug No

Importing or Smuggling Narcotics other than Heroin, Cocaine, or Crack



3 Drug No



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Manufacture of Narcotic other than Heroin, Cocaine, or Crack



3 Drug No

Narcotics other than Heroin, Possession and Sale 350



3 Drug No

Possession for Sale or other Disposal of Dangerous Drug or Hallucinogen



3 Drug No

Possession for Sale or other Disposal of Narcotic other than Heroin, Cocaine, or Crack



3 Drug No

Sale of Controlled Substance or Enumerated Drug 350



3 Drug No

Sale of Dangerous Drug or Hallucinogen 350



3 Drug No

Sale of Narcotic other than Heroin, Cocaine, or Crack 350



3 Drug No

Distribution in Dangerous Drugs or Hallucinogens 350



3 Drug No

Distribution, Other Controlled Substances 350



3 Drug No

Unlawful Disposal of Controlled Substance or Enumerated Drug



3 Drug No

Unlawful Disposal of Dangerous Drug or Hallucinogen



3 Drug No

Distribution, Other Controlled Substances, Attempted 351

Distribution Other Controlled Substances, Attempted


3 Drug No



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Distribution, Other Controlled Substances, Conspiracy 352

Distribution Other Controlled Substances, Conspiracy


3 Drug No

Cultivation of Marijuana 360 Distribution Marijuana 38 Distribution

marijuana/hashish 3 Drug No

Delivery of Marijuana or Hashish 360 Distribution

Marijuana 38 Distribution marijuana/hashish 3 Drug No

Distribution of Marijuana or Hashish 360 Distribution


Importing or Smuggling Marijuana or Hashish 360 Distribution


Marijuana or Hashish, Possession and Sales 360 Distribution


Possession of Marijuana or Hashish for Sale or other Disposal

360 Distribution Marijuana 38 Distribution


Produce or Prepare Marijuana or Hashish 360 Distribution


Sale of Marijuana or Hashish 360 Distribution Marijuana 38 Distribution


Distribution in Marijuana or Hashish 360 Distribution


Distribution, Marijuana or Hashish, Attempted 361

Distribution Marijuana, Attempted

38 Distribution marijuana/hashish 3 Drug No

Distribution, Marijuana or Hashish, Conspiracy 362

Distribution Marijuana, Conspiracy

38 Distribution marijuana/hashish 3 Drug No

Distribution, Drug Unspecified 370 Distribution, Drug

Unspecified 39 Distribution - drug unspecified 3 Drug No

Distribution, Drug Unspecified, Attempted 371

Distribution, Drug Unspecified, Attempted

39 Distribution - drug unspecified 3 Drug No

Distribution, Drug Unspecified, Conspiracy 372

Distribution, Drug Unspecified, Conspiracy

39 Distribution - drug unspecified 3 Drug No

Possession of Heroin 380 Possession/Use of Heroin 40 Possession/use -

heroin 3 Drug No



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Possession/Use, Heroin 380 Possession/Use of Heroin 40 Possession/use -

heroin 3 Drug No

Use of Heroin 380 Possession/Use of Heroin 40 Possession/use -

heroin 3 Drug No

Possession/Use, Heroin, Attempted 381 Possession/Use of

Heroin, Attempted 40 Possession/use - heroin 3 Drug No

Possession/Use, Heroin, Conspiracy 382 Possession/Use of

Heroin, Conspiracy 40 Possession/use - heroin 3 Drug No

Possession/use of Cocaine or Crack 385 Possession/Use of

Cocaine or Crack 41 Possession/use - cocaine or crack 3 Drug No

Possession/use of Cocaine or Crack, Attempted 386

Possession/Use of Cocaine or Crack, Attempted

41 Possession/use - cocaine or crack 3 Drug No

Possession/use of Cocaine or Crack, Conspiracy 387

Possession/Use of Cocaine or Crack, Conspiracy

41 Possession/use - cocaine or crack 3 Drug No

Obtaining Dangerous Drug 390Possession/Use of Other Controlled Substance


3 Drug No

Possession of Controlled Substance or Enumerated Drug

390Possession/Use of Other Controlled Substance


3 Drug No

Possession of Dangerous Drug or Hallucinogen 390

Possession/Use of Other Controlled Substance


3 Drug No

Possession of Prescription Drugs 390



3 Drug No

Use of Controlled Substance or Enumerated Drug 390



3 Drug No

Use of Dangerous Drug or Hallucinogen 390



3 Drug No

Possession/Use, Other Controlled Substances, Attempted

391

Possession/Use of Other Controlled Substance, Attempted


3 Drug No



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Possession/Use, Other Controlled Substances, Conspiracy

392

Possession/Use of Other Controlled Substance, Conspiracy


3 Drug No

Possession/Use, Marijuana or Hashish 400 Possession/Use of

Marijuana 43 Possession/use - marijuana/hashish 3 Drug No

Use of Marijuana or Hashish 400 Possession/Use of Marijuana 43 Possession/use -


Possession/Use, Marijuana or Hashish, Attempted 401

Possession/Use of Marijuana, Attempted

43 Possession/use - marijuana/hashish 3 Drug No

Possession/Use, Marijuana or Hashish, Conspiracy 402

Possession/Use of Marijuana, Conspiracy

43 Possession/use - marijuana/hashish 3 Drug No

Possession, Use, Drug Unspecified 410 Possession/Use of

Unspecified Drug 44 Possession/use - drug unspecified 3 Drug No

Heroin, Except Sales-Traffic, Use, or Possession 420 Heroin Violation,

Offense Unspecified 45 Heroin violation - offense unspecified 3 Drug No

Heroin, Offense not Specified 420 Heroin Violation, Offense Unspecified 45 Heroin violation -

offense unspecified 3 Drug No

Heroin Violation, Offense Unspecified 420 Heroin Violation,

Offense Unspecified 45 Heroin violation - offense unspecified 3 Drug No

Cocaine/Crack, Offense not specified 425

Cocaine/Crack Violation, Offense Unspecified


3 Drug No

Cocaine/Crack, Except Sales-Traffic, Use, or Possession 425

Cocaine/Crack Violation, Offense Unspecified


3 Drug No

Controlled Substances or Enumerated Drugs, Except Sales-Traffic, Use, or Possession

430Other Controlled Substance Violation, Offense Unspecified

47Controlled substance - offense unspecified

3 Drug No

Controlled Substances or Enumerated Drugs, Offense Unspecified



3 Drug No

Dangerous Drugs or Hallucinogens, Except Sales-Traffic, Use, or Possession



3 Drug No

Dangerous Drugs or Hallucinogens, Offense Unspecified



3 Drug No



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Narcotics, Except Sales-Traffic, Use or Possession 430

Other Controlled Substance Violation, Offense Unspecified


3 Drug No

Narcotics, Offense Unspecified 430



3 Drug No

Narcotics other than Heroin, Except Sales-Traffic, Use, or Possession



3 Drug No

Narcotics other than Heroin, Offense Unspecified 430



3 Drug No

Controlled Substance Violation, Offense Unspecified



3 Drug No

Marijuana or Hashish, Except Sales-Traffic, Use, or Possession

440 Marijuana Violation, Offense Unspecified 48


3 Drug No

Marijuana or Hashish, Offense Unspecified 440 Marijuana Violation,

Offense Unspecified 48Marijuana/hashish violation - offense unspecified

3 Drug No

Drug Abuse, Neither Offense nor Type or Drug Specified 450 Other Drug Offense/

Paraphernalia 49 Other Drug Offense/Paraphernalia 3 Drug No

Drug Offenses, Activity and Drug Unspecified 450 Other Drug Offense/


False Prescription for Controlled Substance or Enumerated Drug

450 Other Drug Offense/Paraphernalia 49 Other Drug Offense/

Paraphernalia 3 Drug No

False Prescription for Dangerous Drug 450 Other Drug Offense/


False Prescription for Narcotic other than Heroin 450 Other Drug Offense/


Forging or Uttering Prescription for Controlled Substance or Enumerated Drug



Forging or Uttering Prescription for Dangerous Drug





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Forging or Uttering Prescription for Narcotic other than Heroin



Fraudulent Prescription of Drugs 450 Other Drug Offense/


Possession of Drug Paraphernalia 450 Other Drug Offense/


Possession of Drug Tools 450 Other Drug Offense/Paraphernalia 49 Other Drug Offense/


Possession of Hypo and Syringe 450 Other Drug Offense/


Unlawfully Obtaining Drugs 450 Other Drug Offense/Paraphernalia 49 Other Drug Offense/


Violation of Drug Free Zones 450 Other Drug Offense/Paraphernalia 49 Other Drug Offense/


Writing an Illegal Prescription for Drug 450 Other Drug Offense/


Aggravated Escape 460 Escape from Custody 50 Escape from custody 4 Public order No

Breaking out from Prison or Jail 460 Escape from

Custody 50 Escape from custody 4 Public order No

Escape from Custody 460 Escape from Custody 50 Escape from custody 4 Public order No

Escape from Prison or Jail 460 Escape from Custody 50 Escape from custody 4 Public order No

Flight from Prison or Jail 460 Escape from Custody 50 Escape from custody 4 Public order No

Simple Escape 460 Escape from Custody 50 Escape from custody 4 Public order No

Escape from Custody, Attempted 461 Escape from

Custody, Attempted 50 Escape from custody 4 Public order No

Aiding Another to Escape from Jail 462 Escape from

Custody, Conspiracy 50 Escape from custody 4 Public order No

Aiding Escape 462 Escape from Custody, Conspiracy 50 Escape from custody 4 Public order No

Forcibly Rescuing a Prisoner 462 Escape from Custody, Conspiracy 50 Escape from custody 4 Public order No

Harboring a Fugitive 462 Escape from Custody, Conspiracy 50 Escape from custody 4 Public order No



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Escape from Custody, Conspiracy 462 Escape from

Custody, Conspiracy 50 Escape from custody 4 Public order No

Flight to Avoid Prosecution 470 Flight to Avoid Prosecution 51 Flight to avoid

prosecution 4 Public order No

Flight to Avoid Prosecution, Attempted 471

Flight to Avoid Prosecution, Attempted

51 Flight to avoid prosecution 4 Public order No

Flight to Avoid Prosecution, Conspiracy 472

Flight to Avoid Prosecution, Conspiracy

51 Flight to avoid prosecution 4 Public order No

Aggravated Weapons Violation 480 Weapons Offense 52 Weapon offense 6 Other No

Armed while Committing a Crime 480 Weapons Offense 52 Weapon offense 6 Other No

Armed with a Pistol 480 Weapons Offense 52 Weapon offense 6 Other NoCarrying Ammunition 480 Weapons Offense 52 Weapon offense 6 Other NoCarrying a Concealed Weapon 480 Weapons Offense 52 Weapon offense 6 Other NoCarrying Explosive Devices 480 Weapons Offense 52 Weapon offense 6 Other NoCarrying a Firearm 480 Weapons Offense 52 Weapon offense 6 Other NoExhibiting and Flourishing a Deadly and Dangerous Weapon

480 Weapons Offense 52 Weapon offense 6 Other No

Firing a Weapon 480 Weapons Offense 52 Weapon offense 6 Other NoIncendiary Device, Possessing, or Teaching 480 Weapons Offense 52 Weapon offense 6 Other No

Possession of Explosive Devices 480 Weapons Offense 52 Weapon offense 6 Other No

Possession of Firearms 480 Weapons Offense 52 Weapon offense 6 Other NoPossession of Firearm after Felony Conviction 480 Weapons Offense 52 Weapon offense 6 Other No

Reckless Use of Fire, Incendiary Devices, or Explosives

480 Weapons Offense 52 Weapon offense 6 Other No

Selling a Weapon 480 Weapons Offense 52 Weapon offense 6 Other NoWeapon Offenses 480 Weapons Offense 52 Weapon offense 6 Other No

Weapons Offense, Attempted 481 Weapons Offense, Attempted 52 Weapon offense 6 Other No



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Weapons Offense, Conspiracy 482 Weapons Offense, Conspiracy 52 Weapon offense 6 Other No

Parole Violation 490 Parole Violation 53 Parole violation 4 Public order NoParole Suspension 490 Parole Violation 53 Parole violation 4 Public order NoStraight Parole Violation 490 Parole Violation 53 Parole violation 4 Public order NoViolation of Parole 490 Parole Violation 53 Parole violation 4 Public order NoProbation Violation 500 Probation Violation 54 Probation violation 4 Public order NoRevocation of a Deferred Sentence 500 Probation Violation 54 Probation violation 4 Public order No

Revocation of a Suspended Sentence 500 Probation Violation 54 Probation violation 4 Public order No

Violation of Probation 500 Probation Violation 54 Probation violation 4 Public order NoInciting a Riot 510 Riot 55 Rioting 4 Public order NoMob Action 510 Riot 55 Rioting 4 Public order NoParticipating in a Riot 510 Riot 55 Rioting 4 Public order NoRiot 510 Riot 55 Rioting 4 Public order NoRout 510 Riot 55 Rioting 4 Public order No

Riot, Attempting to Incite 511 Riot, Attempting to Incite 55 Rioting 4 Public order No

Riot, Conspiracy to Incite 512 Riot, Conspiracy to Incite 55 Rioting 4 Public order No

Convicted 3 Times of a Felony 520 Habitual Offender 56 Habitual offender 4 Public order NoHabitual Criminal 520 Habitual Offender 56 Habitual offender 4 Public order NoHabitual Criminal Act 520 Habitual Offender 56 Habitual offender 4 Public order NoHabitual Felony 520 Habitual Offender 56 Habitual offender 4 Public order NoHabitual Felony Conviction (HFC) 520 Habitual Offender 56 Habitual offender 4 Public order No

Habitual Offender 520 Habitual Offender 56 Habitual offender 4 Public order NoHFC (Habitual Felony Conviction) 520 Habitual Offender 56 Habitual offender 4 Public order No

Persistent Violator of the Law 520 Habitual Offender 56 Habitual offender 4 Public order NoPFC (Prior Felony Conviction) 520 Habitual Offender 56 Habitual offender 4 Public order NoPrevious Felony Convictions 520 Habitual Offender 56 Habitual offender 4 Public order NoPrior Felony Conviction 520 Habitual Offender 56 Habitual offender 4 Public order No

Contempt of Court 530 Contempt of Court/Violate Court Order 57 Contempt of court 4 Public order No



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Failure to Pay Fines 530 Contempt of Court/Violate Court Order 57 Contempt of court 4 Public order No

Violation of Protective Order 530 Contempt of Court/Violate Court Order 57 Contempt of court 4 Public order No

Violation of Restraining Order 530 Contempt of Court/Violate Court Order 57 Contempt of court 4 Public order No

Bond Jump 540 Other Court Offense 58Offenses against courts, legislatures and commissions

4 Public order No

Bribing a Juror or Witness 540 Other Court Offense 58Offenses against courts, legislatures and commissions

4 Public order No

Corruptly Influencing a Witness 540 Other Court Offense 58


4 Public order No

Court Offenses 540 Other Court Offense 58Offenses against courts, legislatures and commissions

4 Public order No

Failure to Appear 540 Other Court Offense 58Offenses against courts, legislatures and commissions

4 Public order No

Failure to Appear on Bail Bond 540 Other Court Offense 58


4 Public order No

Failure to Comply with Order of a Circuit Court 540 Other Court Offense 58


4 Public order No

Intimidation of a Witness 540 Other Court Offense 58Offenses against courts, legislatures and commissions

4 Public order No

Offering False Evidence 540 Other Court Offense 58Offenses against courts, legislatures and commissions

4 Public order No

Slander 540 Other Court Offense 58Offenses against courts, legislatures and commissions

4 Public order No

Subordination of Perjury 540 Other Court Offense 58Offenses against courts, legislatures and commissions

4 Public order No



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Tampering with Evidence 540 Other Court Offense 58Offenses against courts, legislatures and commissions

4 Public order No

Tampering with a Witness 540 Other Court Offense 58Offenses against courts, legislatures and commissions

4 Public order No

Perjury, Attempted 541 Other Court Offense, Attempted 58


4 Public order No

Court Offenses, Attempted 541 Other Court Offense, Attempted 58


4 Public order No

Court Offenses, Conspiracy 542 Other Court Offense, Conspiracy 58


4 Public order No

Operating a Motor Vehicle as a Habitual Offender 550 Traffic Offense,

Minor 59 Traffic offenses - minor 5 Criminal

traffic No

Operating a Motor Vehicle Without a License 550 Traffic Offense,


traffic No

Operating an Unregistered Motor Vehicle 550 Traffic Offense,


traffic No

Traffic Offenses, Except Drunk Driving 550 Traffic Offense,


traffic No

Traffic Offenses, Minor 550 Traffic Offense, Minor 59 Traffic offenses -

minor 5 Criminal traffic No

Causing Injury While Operating Auto Under Influence of Intoxicating Liquor

560 Driving While Intoxicated 60 Driving while

intoxicated 5 Criminal traffic No

Driving While Intoxicated 560 Driving While Intoxicated 60 Driving while


Drunk Driving 560 Driving While Intoxicated 60 Driving while


DWI, Driving While Intoxicated 560 Driving While

Intoxicated 60 Driving while intoxicated 5 Criminal

traffic No

Driving Under the Influence of Alcohol 565 Driving Under the

Influence of Alcohol 61 Driving Under the Influence 5 Criminal

traffic No

Driving Under the Influence, Unspecified 565 Driving Under the

Influence of Alcohol 61 Driving Under the Influence 5 Criminal

traffic No



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Driving While Under the Influence of Narcotics 570 Driving Under the

Influence of Drugs 62 Driving under influence - drugs 5 Criminal

traffic No

Driving Under Influence of Drugs 570 Driving Under the

Influence of Drugs 62 Driving under influence - drugs 5 Criminal

traffic No

Abandonment 580 Family or Custody Related Offense 63 Family related

offenses 4 Public order No

Cruelty to Wife 580 Family or Custody Related Offense 63 Family related


Custodial Interference 580 Family or Custody Related Offense 63 Family related


Desertion 580 Family or Custody Related Offense 63 Family related


Failure to Provide 580 Family or Custody Related Offense 63 Family related


Interference with Custody 580 Family or Custody Related Offense 63 Family related


Non-Support, Family Related Offenses 580 Family or Custody

Related Offense 63 Family related offenses 4 Public order No

Non-Support of Spouse or Children 580 Family or Custody

Related Offense 63 Family related offenses 4 Public order No

Begging 590 Disorderly Conduct Offense 64


4 Public order No

Disorderly Conduct 590 Disorderly Conduct Offense 64


4 Public order No

Disorderly Person 590 Disorderly Conduct Offense 64


4 Public order No

Drunkenness 590 Disorderly Conduct Offense 64


4 Public order No

Drunk and Disorderly 590 Disorderly Conduct Offense 64


4 Public order No

Intoxication 590 Disorderly Conduct Offense 64


4 Public order No



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Loitering 590 Disorderly Conduct Offense 64


4 Public order No

Unlawful Assembly 590 Disorderly Conduct Offense 64


4 Public order No

Vagabondage 590 Disorderly Conduct Offense 64


4 Public order No

Vagrancy 590 Disorderly Conduct Offense 64


4 Public order No

Drunkenness/ Vagrancy/ Disorderly Conduct 590 Disorderly Conduct

Offense 64Drunkenness/Vagrancy/Disorderly Conduct

4 Public order No

Adultery 600 Offense Against Morals/Decency 65 Morals/decency -

offense 4 Public order No

Bigamy 600 Offense Against Morals/Decency 65 Morals/decency -


Buggery, No Force 600 Offense Against Morals/Decency 65 Morals/decency -


Crime Against Nature, No Force 600 Offense Against

Morals/Decency 65 Morals/decency - offense 4 Public order No

Exhibitionism 600 Offense Against Morals/Decency 65 Morals/decency -


Incest 600 Offense Against Morals/Decency 65 Morals/decency -


Indecent Exposure 600 Offense Against Morals/Decency 65 Morals/decency -


Indecent and Immoral Practices with Another Adult Person

600 Offense Against Morals/Decency 65 Morals/decency -


Indecent Language Over Phone 600 Offense Against


Lewd and Wanton Behavior 600 Offense Against Morals/Decency 65 Morals/decency -


Obscene Phone Call 600 Offense Against Morals/Decency 65 Morals/decency -


Offense Against Morals/Decency 600 Offense Against




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EN

SE

Peeping Tom 600 Offense Against Morals/Decency 65 Morals/decency -


Sexual Offenses, Except Sexual Assaults, Commercialized Sex

600 Offense Against Morals/Decency 65 Morals/decency -


Sodomy, No Force 600 Offense Against Morals/Decency 65 Morals/decency -


Trespass by Peeping Tom 600 Offense Against Morals/Decency 65 Morals/decency -


Unnatural Intercourse 600 Offense Against Morals/Decency 65 Morals/decency -


Using Indecent Language Over Phone 600 Offense Against


Offense Against Morals/Decency, Attempted 601

Offense Against Morals/Decency, Attempted

65 Morals/decency - offense 4 Public order No

Offense Against Morals/Decency, Conspiracy 602

Offense Against Morals/Decency, Conspiracy

65 Morals/decency - offense 4 Public order No

Harboring Illegal Immigrants 610 Immigration Violation 66 Immigration

violations 4 Public order No

Illegal Entry into the United States 610 Immigration

Violation 66 Immigration violations 4 Public order No

Immigration Violation 610 Immigration Violation 66 Immigration


Smuggling Aliens 610 Immigration Violation 66 Immigration


Compounding a Felony 620 Obstruction/Resisting 67 Obstruction - law

enforcement 4 Public order No

Concealing Death 620 Obstruction/Resisting 67 Obstruction - law


Failure to Give Information 620 Obstruction/Resisting 67 Obstruction - law


Failure to Render Assistance 620 Obstruction/Resisting 67 Obstruction - law


Failure to Report Fire 620 Obstruction/Resisting 67 Obstruction - law


False Information/Name to Police Officer 620 Obstruction/

Resisting 67 Obstruction - law enforcement 4 Public order No



BJS

OF

FE

NS

E

CH

AR

GE

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AR

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D

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OF

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EN

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Hindering a Police Officer 620 Obstruction/Resisting 67 Obstruction - law


Obstruction of Justice 620 Obstruction/Resisting 67 Obstruction - law


Obstruction of Law Enforcement 620 Obstruction/


Promoting Prison Contraband 620 Obstruction/Resisting 67 Obstruction - law


Resisting Arrest 620 Obstruction/Resisting 67 Obstruction - law


Resisting Authority 620 Obstruction/Resisting 67 Obstruction - law


Traffic with a Prison Inmate 620 Obstruction/Resisting 67 Obstruction - law


Withholding Name of Person Who Committed Crime 620 Obstruction/


Obstruction, Attempted 621Obstruction/Resisting, Attempted

67 Obstruction - law enforcement 4 Public order No

Obstruction, Conspiracy 622Obstruction/Resisting, Conspiracy

67 Obstruction - law enforcement 4 Public order No

Harassment 630 Invasion of Privacy 68 Invasion of privacy 4 Public order NoInvasion of Privacy 630 Invasion of Privacy 68 Invasion of privacy 4 Public order NoMalicious Vexation 630 Invasion of Privacy 68 Invasion of privacy 4 Public order NoStalking 630 Invasion of Privacy 68 Invasion of privacy 4 Public order NoWire Tapping 630 Invasion of Privacy 68 Invasion of privacy 4 Public order No

Bookmaking 640 Commercialized Vice 69 Commercialized

vice 4 Public order No

Commercialized Sex 640 Commercialized Vice 69 Commercialized


Commercialized Vice 640 Commercialized Vice 69 Commercialized


Displaying or Producing Pornographic Movies 640 Commercialized

Vice 69 Commercialized vice 4 Public order No

Gambling 640 Commercialized Vice 69 Commercialized


Keeping a House of Ill-repute 640 Commercialized Vice 69 Commercialized




BJS

OF

FE

NS

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AR

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OF

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Illegal Possession of Obscene Materials 640 Commercialized

Vice 69 Commercialized vice 4 Public order No

Obscenity, Unspecified 640 Commercialized Vice 69 Commercialized


Pandering 640 Commercialized Vice 69 Commercialized


Pimping 640 Commercialized Vice 69 Commercialized


Procuring Women 640 Commercialized Vice 69 Commercialized


Prostitution 640 Commercialized Vice 69 Commercialized


Soliciting for Prostitute 640 Commercialized Vice 69 Commercialized


Trafficking in Obscene Materials (Possession, Distribution, Sales, Mailing, Production)

640 Commercialized Vice 69 Commercialized


Vice Offense 640 Commercialized Vice 69 Commercialized


Contributing to the Delinquency of a Minor 650

Contributing to the Delinquency of a Minor


4 Public order No

Bootlegging 660 Liquor Law Violation 71 Liquor law


Liquor Law Violations Excluding Drunkenness and DWI

660 Liquor Law Violation 71 Liquor law


Maintaining Unlawful Drinking Establishment 660 Liquor Law

Violation 71 Liquor law violations 4 Public order No

Manufacturing Liquor 660 Liquor Law Violation 71 Liquor law


Operating a Still 660 Liquor Law Violation 71 Liquor law


Possession & Transport 660 Liquor Law Violation 71 Liquor law


Sale of Alcohol to a Minor 660 Liquor Law Violation 71 Liquor law


Selling Liquor 660 Liquor Law Violation 71 Liquor law




BJS

OF

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NS

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GE

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OF

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Civil Rights Violation 670 Public Order Offense, Other 72 Public order

offenses - other 4 Public order No

Contraband 670 Public Order Offense, Other 72 Public order


Cruelty to/Abuse of Animals 670 Public Order Offense, Other 72 Public order


Delay Mail 670 Public Order Offense, Other 72 Public order


Disinterment of a Human Body 670 Public Order

Offense, Other 72 Public order offenses - other 4 Public order No

Failure to Appear for Work in Lieu of Induction (Draft Evasion)

670 Public Order Offense, Other 72 Public order


Hitch Hiking 670 Public Order Offense, Other 72 Public order


Income or Sales Tax Evasion 670 Public Order Offense, Other 72 Public order


Interest and Penalties 670 Public Order Offense, Other 72 Public order


Libel 670 Public Order Offense, Other 72 Public order


Money Laundering 670 Public Order Offense, Other 72 Public order


Non-Payment of Debts 670 Public Order Offense, Other 72 Public order


Obstructing a Passageway 670 Public Order Offense, Other 72 Public order


Public Order Offenses, Other 670 Public Order Offense, Other 72 Public order


Racketeering 670 Public Order Offense, Other 72 Public order


Sounding a False Alarm 670 Public Order Offense, Other 72 Public order


Slander 670 Public Order Offense, Other 72 Public order


Taxation and Revenue Offenses 670 Public Order


Traffic in Controlled Substance Other than Drugs 670 Public Order




BJS

OF

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Traffic in Non-Controlled Substance 670 Public Order


Violation of Fish and Game Law or Relocation 670 Public Order


Violation of Local Optional Law 670 Public Order


Public Order Offenses, Other, Attempted 671

Public Order Offense, Other, Attempted

72 Public order offenses - other 4 Public order No

Public Order Offenses, Other, Conspiracy 672

Public Order Offense, Other, Conspiracy

72 Public order offenses - other 4 Public order No

Abuse of Official Authority or Position 673 Bribery/Conflict of

Interest 73 Bribery and conflict of interest 4 Public order No

Bribery, Excluding Bribery of Court and Law Enforcement Officials

673 Bribery/Conflict of Interest 73 Bribery and conflict

of interest 4 Public order No

Bribery, Giving, Offering, or Receiving 673 Bribery/Conflict of


Conflict of Interest 673 Bribery/Conflict of Interest 73 Bribery and conflict


Gratuity, Giving, Offering, or Receiving 673 Bribery/Conflict of


Kickback, Giving, Offering, or Receiving 673 Bribery/Conflict of


Influence 673 Bribery/Conflict of Interest 73 Bribery and conflict


Attempt to Commit Bribery 674 Bribery/Conflict of Interest, Attempt 73 Bribery and conflict


Conspiracy to Commit Bribery 675 Bribery/Conflict of

Interest, Conspiracy 73 Bribery and conflict of interest 4 Public order No

Aggravated Juvenile Delinquency 680 Juvenile Offense 74 Juvenile offenses Exclude No

Curfew Violation 680 Juvenile Offense 74 Juvenile offenses Exclude NoIncorrigible 680 Juvenile Offense 74 Juvenile offenses Exclude NoIncorrigible Juvenile Delinquent 680 Juvenile Offense 74 Juvenile offenses Exclude No

Juvenile Delinquent 680 Juvenile Offense 74 Juvenile offenses Exclude NoJuvenile Status Offense 680 Juvenile Offense 74 Juvenile offenses Exclude No



BJS

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Minor Possessing Alcohol 680 Juvenile Offense 74 Juvenile offenses Exclude NoMisrepresentation of Age - Minor 680 Juvenile Offense 74 Juvenile offenses Exclude No

Runaway 680 Juvenile Offense 74 Juvenile offenses Exclude NoTruant 680 Juvenile Offense 74 Juvenile offenses Exclude NoAiding and Abetting a Felony 690 Unspecified Felony 75 Felony - unspecified 4 Public order NoFelony - Third Degree 690 Unspecified Felony 75 Felony - unspecified 4 Public order NoFelony, Unspecified 690 Unspecified Felony 75 Felony - unspecified 4 Public order No

Attempted Felony 691 Unspecified Felony, Attempt 75 Felony - unspecified 4 Public order No

Felony-Unspecified, Attempted 691 Unspecified Felony,

Attempt 75 Felony - unspecified 4 Public order No

Conspiracy to Commit a Felony 692 Unspecified Felony,

Conspiracy 75 Felony - unspecified 4 Public order No

Felony-Unspecified, Conspiracy 692 Unspecified Felony,

Conspiracy 75 Felony - unspecified 4 Public order No

Misdemeanor 700 Unspecified Misdemeanor 76 Misdemeanor

unspecified 4 Public order No

Accessory 710 Other Offense 77 Other 6 Other NoAccomplice 710 Other Offense 77 Other 6 Other NoAiding and Abetting 710 Other Offense 77 Other 6 Other NoConspiracy 710 Other Offense 77 Other 6 Other NoCriminal Attempt 710 Other Offense 77 Other 6 Other NoCriminal Negligence 710 Other Offense 77 Other 6 Other NoCriminal Solicitation 710 Other Offense 77 Other 6 Other NoOther 710 Other Offense 77 Other 6 Other No

Variable not available in county 777 Variable not

available in county -777 Variable not available in county -777

Variable not available in county

No

Charge not applicable (i.e. charges being initiated by prosecutor not by police, or charges disposed of before prosecutor or court phase). This code is phase specific.

888 Not applicable -888 Not applicable -888 Not applicable No

Not Known 999 Not Known/Missing -999 Not Known/Missing -999 Not Known/Missing No



Appendix H. Judicial Districts

STATE CODE STATE NAME JUDICIAL DISTRICT UNIQUE ID JUDICIAL DISTRICT NAME

09 Florida

09001 Florida Judicial District 109002 Florida Judicial District 209003 Florida Judicial District 309004 Florida Judicial District 409005 Florida Judicial District 509006 Florida Judicial District 609007 Florida Judicial District 709008 Florida Judicial District 809009 Florida Judicial District 909010 Florida Judicial District 1009011 Florida Judicial District 1109012 Florida Judicial District 1209013 Florida Judicial District 1309014 Florida Judicial District 1409015 Florida Judicial District 1509016 Florida Judicial District 1609017 Florida Judicial District 1709018 Florida Judicial District 1809019 Florida Judicial District 1909020 Florida Judicial District 20

33 North Carolina

33001 North Carolina Judicial District 133002 North Carolina Judicial District 233003 North Carolina Judicial District 3A33004 North Carolina Judicial District 3B33005 North Carolina Judicial District 433006 North Carolina Judicial District 533007 North Carolina Judicial District 633008 North Carolina Judicial District 733009 North Carolina Judicial District 833010 North Carolina Judicial District 933011 North Carolina Judicial District 9A33012 North Carolina Judicial District 1033013 North Carolina Judicial District 1133014 North Carolina Judicial District 1233015 North Carolina Judicial District 1333016 North Carolina Judicial District 1433017 North Carolina Judicial District 15A

A PPEN DI X H. J U DICI A L DISTR ICTS



33 North Carolina

33018 North Carolina Judicial District 15B33019 North Carolina Judicial District 16A33020 North Carolina Judicial District 16B33021 North Carolina Judicial District 17A33022 North Carolina Judicial District 17B33023 North Carolina Judicial District 1833024 North Carolina Judicial District 19A33025 North Carolina Judicial District 19B33026 North Carolina Judicial District 19C33027 North Carolina Judicial District 20A33028 North Carolina Judicial District 20B33029 North Carolina Judicial District 2133030 North Carolina Judicial District 22A33031 North Carolina Judicial District 22B33032 North Carolina Judicial District 2333033 North Carolina Judicial District 2433034 North Carolina Judicial District 2533035 North Carolina Judicial District 2633036 North Carolina Judicial District 27A33037 North Carolina Judicial District 27B33038 North Carolina Judicial District 2833039 North Carolina Judicial District 29A33040 North Carolina Judicial District 29B33041 North Carolina Judicial District 30

38 Pennsylvania

38001 Pennsylvania Court of Common Pleas Judicial District 1











38 Pennsylvania


























38 Pennsylvania









44 Utah

44001 Utah 1st Judicial District44002 Utah 2nd Judicial District44003 Utah 3rd Judicial District44004 Utah 4th Judicial District44005 Utah 5th Judicial District44006 Utah 6th Judicial District44007 Utah 7th Judicial District44008 Utah 8th Judicial District

47 Washington

47001 Washington Judicial District 147002 Washington Judicial District 247003 Washington Judicial District 347004 Washington Judicial District 447005 Washington Judicial District 547006 Washington Judicial District 647007 Washington Judicial District 747008 Washington Judicial District 847009 Washington Judicial District 947010 Washington Judicial District 1047011 Washington Judicial District 1147012 Washington Judicial District 1247013 Washington Judicial District 1347014 Washington Judicial District 1447015 Washington Judicial District 1547016 Washington Judicial District 1647017 Washington Judicial District 17




47 Washington

47018 Washington Judicial District 1847019 Washington Judicial District 1947020 Washington Judicial District 2047021 Washington Judicial District 2147022 Washington Judicial District 2247023 Washington Judicial District 2347024 Washington Judicial District 2447025 Washington Judicial District 2547026 Washington Judicial District 2647027 Washington Judicial District 2747028 Washington Judicial District 2847029 Washington Judicial District 2947030 Washington Judicial District 3047031 Washington Judicial District 3147032 Washington Judicial District 32

49 Wisconsin

49001 Wisconsin Circuit Court Judicial District 149002 Wisconsin Circuit Court Judicial District 249003 Wisconsin Circuit Court Judicial District 349004 Wisconsin Circuit Court Judicial District 449005 Wisconsin Circuit Court Judicial District 549006 Wisconsin Circuit Court Judicial District 649007 Wisconsin Circuit Court Judicial District 749008 Wisconsin Circuit Court Judicial District 849009 Wisconsin Circuit Court Judicial District 949010 Wisconsin Circuit Court Judicial District 10

03 Arizona03001 Phoenix Division03002 Prescott Division03003 Tucson Division

34 North Dakota

34001 Northwest District34002 North Central District34003 Northeast District34004 Northeast Central District34005 East Central District34006 Southeast District34007 South Central District34008 Southwest District



Appendix I. CountiesSTATE CODE STATE NAME COUNTY UNIQUE ID COUNTY NAME FIPS

01 Alabama

01001 Autauga 0100101002 Baldwin 0100301003 Barbour 0100501004 Bibb 0100701005 Blount 0100901006 Bullock 0101101007 Butler 0101301008 Calhoun 0101501009 Chambers 0101701010 Cherokee 0101901011 Chilton 0102101012 Choctaw 0102301013 Clarke 0102501014 Clay 0102701015 Cleburne 0102901016 Coffee 0103101017 Colbert 0103301018 Conecuh 0103501019 Coosa 0103701020 Covington 0103901021 Crenshaw 0104101022 Cullman 0104301023 Dale 0104501024 Dallas 0104701025 DeKalb 0104901026 Elmore 0105101027 Escambia 0105301028 Etowah 0105501029 Fayette 0105701030 Franklin 0105901031 Geneva 0106101032 Greene 0106301033 Hale 0106501034 Henry 0106701035 Houston 0106901036 Jackson 0107101037 Jefferson 0107301038 Lamar 01075

A PPEN DI X I . COU NTIES


STATE CODE STATE NAME COUNTY UNIQUE ID COUNTY NAME FIPS

01 Alabama

01039 Lauderdale 0107701040 Lawrence 0107901041 Lee 0108101042 Limestone 0108301043 Lowndes 0108501044 Macon 0108701045 Madison 0108901046 Marengo 0109101047 Marion 0109301048 Marshall 0109501049 Mobile 0109701050 Monroe 0109901051 Montgomery 0110101052 Morgan 0110301053 Perry 0110501054 Pickens 0110701055 Pike 0110901056 Randolph 0111101057 Russell 0111301059 St. Clair 0111701058 Shelby 0111501060 Sumter 0111901061 Talladega 0112101062 Tallapoosa 0112301063 Tuscaloosa 0112501064 Walker 0112701065 Washington 0112901066 Wilcox 0113101067 Winston 01133

02 Alaska

02001 Aleutians East 0201302002 Aleutians West 0201602003 Anchorage 0202002004 Bethel 0205002005 Bristol Bay 0206002006 Denali 0206802007 Dillingham 0207002008 Fairbanks North Star 0209002009 Haines 0210002010 Hoonah-Angoon 02105




02 Alaska

02011 Juneau 0211002012 Kenai Peninsula 0212202013 Ketchikan Gateway 0213002014 Kodiak Island 0215002015 Lake and Peninsula 0216402016 Matanuska-Susitna 0217002017 Nome 0218002018 North Slope 0218502019 Northwest Arctic 0218802020 Petersburg 0219502021 Prince of Wales-Hyder 0219802022 Sitka 0222002023 Skagway 0223002024 Southeast Fairbanks 0224002025 Valdez-Cordova 0226102026 Wade Hampton 0227002027 Wrangell 0227502028 Yakutat 0228202029 Yukon-Koyukuk 02290

03 Arizona

03001 Apache 0400103002 Cochise 0400303003 Coconino 0400503004 Gila 0400703005 Graham 0400903006 Greenlee 0401103007 La Paz 0401203008 Maricopa 0401303009 Mohave 0401503010 Navajo 0401703011 Pima 0401903012 Pinal 0402103013 Santa Cruz 0402303014 Yavapai 0402503015 Yuma 04027

04 Arkansas

04001 Arkansas 0500104002 Ashley 0500304003 Baxter 0500504004 Benton 0500704005 Boone 05009




04 Arkansas

04006 Bradley 0501104007 Calhoun 0501304008 Carroll 0501504009 Chicot 0501704010 Clark 0501904011 Clay 0502104012 Cleburne 0502304013 Cleveland 0502504014 Columbia 0502704015 Conway 0502904016 Craighead 0503104017 Crawford 0503304018 Crittenden 0503504019 Cross 0503704020 Dallas 0503904021 Desha 0504104022 Drew 0504304023 Faulkner 0504504024 Franklin 0504704025 Fulton 0504904026 Garland 0505104027 Grant 0505304028 Greene 0505504029 Hempstead 0505704030 Hot Spring 0505904031 Howard 0506104032 Independence 0506304033 Izard 0506504034 Jackson 0506704035 Jefferson 0506904036 Johnson 0507104037 Lafayette 0507304038 Lawrence 0507504039 Lee 0507704040 Lincoln 0507904041 Little River 0508104042 Logan 0508304043 Lonoke 0508504044 Madison 05087




04 Arkansas

04045 Marion 0508904046 Miller 0509104047 Mississippi 0509304048 Monroe 0509504049 Montgomery 0509704050 Nevada 0509904051 Newton 0510104052 Ouachita 0510304053 Perry 0510504054 Phillips 0510704055 Pike 0510904056 Poinsett 0511104057 Polk 0511304058 Pope 0511504059 Prairie 0511704060 Pulaski 0511904061 Randolph 0512104068 St. Francis 0512304062 Saline 0512504063 Scott 0512704064 Searcy 0512904065 Sebastian 0513104066 Sevier 0513304067 Sharp 0513504069 Stone 0513704070 Union 0513904071 Van Buren 0514104072 Washington 0514304073 White 0514504074 Woodruff 0514704075 Yell 05149

05 California

05001 Alameda 0600105002 Alpine 0600305003 Amador 0600505004 Butte 0600705005 Calaveras 0600905006 Colusa 0601105007 Contra Costa 0601305008 Del Norte 06015




05 California

05009 El Dorado 0601705010 Fresno 0601905011 Glenn 0602105012 Humboldt 0602305013 Imperial 0602505014 Inyo 0602705015 Kern 0602905016 Kings 0603105017 Lake 0603305018 Lassen 0603505019 Los Angeles 0603705020 Madera 0603905021 Marin 0604105022 Mariposa 0604305023 Mendocino 0604505024 Merced 0604705025 Modoc 0604905026 Mono 0605105027 Monterey 0605305028 Napa 0605505029 Nevada 0605705030 Orange 0605905031 Placer 0606105032 Plumas 0606305033 Riverside 0606505034 Sacramento 0606705035 San Benito 0606905036 San Bernardino 0607105037 San Diego 0607305038 San Francisco 0607505039 San Joaquin 0607705040 San Luis Obispo 0607905041 San Mateo 0608105042 Santa Barbara 0608305043 Santa Clara 0608505044 Santa Cruz 0608705045 Shasta 0608905046 Sierra 0609105047 Siskiyou 06093




05 California

05048 Solano 0609505049 Sonoma 0609705050 Stanislaus 0609905051 Sutter 0610105052 Tehama 0610305053 Trinity 0610505054 Tulare 0610705055 Tuolumne 0610905056 Ventura 0611105057 Yolo 0611305058 Yuba 06115

06 Colorado

06001 Adams 0800106002 Alamosa 0800306003 Arapahoe 0800506004 Archuleta 0800706005 Baca 0800906006 Bent 0801106007 Boulder 0801306008 Broomfield 0801406009 Chaffee 0801506010 Cheyenne 0801706011 Clear Creek 0801906012 Conejos 0802106013 Costilla 0802306014 Crowley 0802506015 Custer 0802706016 Delta 0802906017 Denver 0803106018 Dolores 0803306019 Douglas 0803506020 Eagle 0803706022 Elbert 0803906021 El Paso 0804106023 Fremont 0804306024 Garfield 0804506025 Gilpin 0804706026 Grand 0804906027 Gunnison 0805106028 Hinsdale 08053




06 Colorado

06029 Huerfano 0805506030 Jackson 0805706031 Jefferson 0805906032 Kiowa 0806106033 Kit Carson 0806306035 Lake 0806506034 La Plata 0806706036 Larimer 0806906037 Las Animas 0807106038 Lincoln 0807306039 Logan 0807506040 Mesa 0807706041 Mineral 0807906042 Moffat 0808106043 Montezuma 0808306044 Montrose 0808506045 Morgan 0808706046 Otero 0808906047 Ouray 0809106048 Park 0809306049 Phillips 0809506050 Pitkin 0809706051 Prowers 0809906052 Pueblo 0810106053 Rio Blanco 0810306054 Rio Grande 0810506055 Routt 0810706056 Saguache 0810906057 San Juan 0811106058 San Miguel 0811306059 Sedgwick 0811506060 Summit 0811706061 Teller 0811906062 Washington 0812106063 Weld 0812306064 Yuma 08125

07 Connecticut07001 Fairfield 0900107002 Hartford 0900307003 Litchfield 09005




07 Connecticut

07004 Middlesex 0900707005 New Haven 0900907006 New London 0901107007 Tolland 0901307008 Windham 09015

08 Delaware08001 Kent 1000108002 New Castle 1000308003 Sussex 10005

09 Florida

09001 Alachua 1200109002 Baker 1200309003 Bay 1200509004 Bradford 1200709005 Brevard 1200909006 Broward 1201109007 Calhoun 1201309008 Charlotte 1201509009 Citrus 1201709010 Clay 1201909011 Collier 1202109012 Columbia 1202309014 DeSoto 1202709015 Dixie 1202909016 Duval 1203109017 Escambia 1203309018 Flagler 1203509019 Franklin 1203709020 Gadsden 1203909021 Gilchrist 1204109022 Glades 1204309023 Gulf 1204509024 Hamilton 1204709025 Hardee 1204909026 Hendry 1205109027 Hernando 1205309028 Highlands 1205509029 Hillsborough 1205709030 Holmes 1205909031 Indian River 1206109032 Jackson 12063




09 Florida

09033 Jefferson 1206509034 Lafayette 1206709035 Lake 1206909036 Lee 1207109037 Leon 1207309038 Levy 1207509039 Liberty 1207709040 Madison 1207909041 Manatee 1208109042 Marion 1208309043 Martin 1208509013 Miami-Dade 1208609044 Monroe 1208709045 Nassau 1208909046 Okaloosa 1209109047 Okeechobee 1209309048 Orange 1209509049 Osceola 1209709050 Palm Beach 1209909051 Pasco 1210109052 Pinellas 1210309053 Polk 1210509054 Putnam 1210709055 St. Johns 1210909056 St. Lucie 1211109057 Santa Rosa 1211309058 Sarasota 1211509059 Seminole 1211709060 Sumter 1211909061 Suwannee 1212109062 Taylor 1212309063 Union 1212509064 Volusia 1212709065 Wakulla 1212909066 Walton 1213109067 Washington 12133

10 Georgia10001 Appling 1300110002 Atkinson 1300310003 Bacon 13005




10 Georgia

10004 Baker 1300710005 Baldwin 1300910006 Banks 1301110007 Barrow 1301310008 Bartow 1301510009 Ben Hill 1301710010 Berrien 1301910011 Bibb 1302110012 Bleckley 1302310013 Brantley 1302510014 Brooks 1302710015 Bryan 1302910016 Bulloch 1303110017 Burke 1303310018 Butts 1303510019 Calhoun 1303710020 Camden 1303910021 Candler 1304310022 Carroll 1304510023 Catoosa 1304710024 Charlton 1304910025 Chatham 1305110026 Chattahoochee 1305310027 Chattooga 1305510028 Cherokee 1305710029 Clarke 1305910030 Clay 1306110031 Clayton 1306310032 Clinch 1306510033 Cobb 1306710034 Coffee 1306910035 Colquitt 1307110036 Columbia 1307310037 Cook 1307510038 Coweta 1307710039 Crawford 1307910040 Crisp 1308110041 Dade 1308310042 Dawson 13085




10 Georgia

10043 Decatur 1308710044 DeKalb 1308910045 Dodge 1309110046 Dooly 1309310047 Dougherty 1309510048 Douglas 1309710049 Early 1309910050 Echols 1310110051 Effingham 1310310052 Elbert 1310510053 Emanuel 1310710054 Evans 1310910055 Fannin 1311110056 Fayette 1311310057 Floyd 1311510058 Forsyth 1311710059 Franklin 1311910060 Fulton 1312110061 Gilmer 1312310062 Glascock 1312510063 Glynn 1312710064 Gordon 1312910065 Grady 1313110066 Greene 1313310067 Gwinnett 1313510068 Habersham 1313710069 Hall 1313910070 Hancock 1314110071 Haralson 1314310072 Harris 1314510073 Hart 1314710074 Heard 1314910075 Henry 1315110076 Houston 1315310077 Irwin 1315510078 Jackson 1315710079 Jasper 1315910080 Jeff Davis 1316110081 Jefferson 13163




10 Georgia

10082 Jenkins 1316510083 Johnson 1316710084 Jones 1316910085 Lamar 1317110086 Lanier 1317310087 Laurens 1317510088 Lee 1317710089 Liberty 1317910090 Lincoln 1318110091 Long 1318310092 Lowndes 1318510093 Lumpkin 1318710097 McDuffie 1318910098 McIntosh 1319110094 Macon 1319310095 Madison 1319510096 Marion 1319710099 Meriwether 1319910100 Miller 1320110101 Mitchell 1320510102 Monroe 1320710103 Montgomery 1320910104 Morgan 1321110105 Murray 1321310106 Muscogee 1321510107 Newton 1321710108 Oconee 1321910109 Oglethorpe 1322110110 Paulding 1322310111 Peach 1322510112 Pickens 1322710113 Pierce 1322910114 Pike 1323110115 Polk 1323310116 Pulaski 1323510117 Putnam 1323710118 Quitman 1323910119 Rabun 1324110120 Randolph 13243




10 Georgia

10121 Richmond 1324510122 Rockdale 1324710123 Schley 1324910124 Screven 1325110125 Seminole 1325310126 Spalding 1325510127 Stephens 1325710128 Stewart 1325910129 Sumter 1326110130 Talbot 1326310131 Taliaferro 1326510132 Tattnall 1326710133 Taylor 1326910134 Telfair 1327110135 Terrell 1327310136 Thomas 1327510137 Tift 1327710138 Toombs 1327910139 Towns 1328110140 Treutlen 1328310141 Troup 1328510142 Turner 1328710143 Twiggs 1328910144 Union 1329110145 Upson 1329310146 Walker 1329510147 Walton 1329710148 Ware 1329910149 Warren 1330110150 Washington 1330310151 Wayne 1330510152 Webster 1330710153 Wheeler 1330910154 White 1331110155 Whitfield 1331310156 Wilcox 1331510157 Wilkes 1331710158 Wilkinson 1331910159 Worth 13321




11 Hawaii

11001 Hawaii 1500111002 Honolulu 1500311003 Kalawao 1500511004 Kauai 1500711005 Maui 15009

12 Idaho

12001 Ada 1600112002 Adams 1600312003 Bannock 1600512004 Bear Lake 1600712005 Benewah 1600912006 Bingham 1601112007 Blaine 1601312008 Boise 1601512009 Bonner 1601712010 Bonneville 1601912011 Boundary 1602112012 Butte 1602312013 Camas 1602512014 Canyon 1602712015 Caribou 1602912016 Cassia 1603112017 Clark 1603312018 Clearwater 1603512019 Custer 1603712020 Elmore 1603912021 Franklin 1604112022 Fremont 1604312023 Gem 1604512024 Gooding 1604712025 Idaho 1604912026 Jefferson 1605112027 Jerome 1605312028 Kootenai 1605512029 Latah 1605712030 Lemhi 1605912031 Lewis 1606112032 Lincoln 1606312033 Madison 1606512034 Minidoka 16067




12 Idaho

12035 Nez Perce 1606912036 Oneida 1607112037 Owyhee 1607312038 Payette 1607512039 Power 1607712040 Shoshone 1607912041 Teton 1608112042 Twin Falls 1608312043 Valley 1608512044 Washington 16087

13 Illinois

13001 Adams 1700113002 Alexander 1700313003 Bond 1700513004 Boone 1700713005 Brown 1700913006 Bureau 1701113007 Calhoun 1701313008 Carroll 1701513009 Cass 1701713010 Champaign 1701913011 Christian 1702113012 Clark 1702313013 Clay 1702513014 Clinton 1702713015 Coles 1702913016 Cook 1703113017 Crawford 1703313018 Cumberland 1703513020 DeKalb 1703713019 De Witt 1703913021 Douglas 1704113022 DuPage 1704313023 Edgar 1704513024 Edwards 1704713025 Effingham 1704913026 Fayette 1705113027 Ford 1705313028 Franklin 1705513029 Fulton 17057




13 Illinois

13030 Gallatin 1705913031 Greene 1706113032 Grundy 1706313033 Hamilton 1706513034 Hancock 1706713035 Hardin 1706913036 Henderson 1707113037 Henry 1707313038 Iroquois 1707513039 Jackson 1707713040 Jasper 1707913041 Jefferson 1708113042 Jersey 1708313043 Jo Daviess 1708513044 Johnson 1708713045 Kane 1708913046 Kankakee 1709113047 Kendall 1709313048 Knox 1709513049 Lake 1709713050 LaSalle 1709913051 Lawrence 1710113052 Lee 1710313053 Livingston 1710513054 Logan 1710713062 McDonough 1710913063 McHenry 1711113064 McLean 1711313055 Macon 1711513056 Macoupin 1711713057 Madison 1711913058 Marion 1712113059 Marshall 1712313060 Mason 1712513061 Massac 1712713065 Menard 1712913066 Mercer 1713113067 Monroe 1713313068 Montgomery 17135




13 Illinois

13069 Morgan 1713713070 Moultrie 1713913071 Ogle 1714113072 Peoria 1714313073 Perry 1714513074 Piatt 1714713075 Pike 1714913076 Pope 1715113077 Pulaski 1715313078 Putnam 1715513079 Randolph 1715713080 Richland 1715913081 Rock Island 1716113087 St. Clair 1716313082 Saline 1716513083 Sangamon 1716713084 Schuyler 1716913085 Scott 1717113086 Shelby 1717313088 Stark 1717513089 Stephenson 1717713090 Tazewell 1717913091 Union 1718113092 Vermilion 1718313093 Wabash 1718513094 Warren 1718713095 Washington 1718913096 Wayne 1719113097 White 1719313098 Whiteside 1719513099 Will 1719713100 Williamson 1719913101 Winnebago 1720113102 Woodford 17203

14 Indiana

14001 Adams 1800114002 Allen 1800314003 Bartholomew 1800514004 Benton 1800714005 Blackford 18009




14 Indiana

14006 Boone 1801114007 Brown 1801314008 Carroll 1801514009 Cass 1801714010 Clark 1801914011 Clay 1802114012 Clinton 1802314013 Crawford 1802514014 Daviess 1802714015 Dearborn 1802914016 Decatur 1803114017 DeKalb 1803314018 Delaware 1803514019 Dubois 1803714020 Elkhart 1803914021 Fayette 1804114022 Floyd 1804314023 Fountain 1804514024 Franklin 1804714025 Fulton 1804914026 Gibson 1805114027 Grant 1805314028 Greene 1805514029 Hamilton 1805714030 Hancock 1805914031 Harrison 1806114032 Hendricks 1806314033 Henry 1806514034 Howard 1806714035 Huntington 1806914036 Jackson 1807114037 Jasper 1807314038 Jay 1807514039 Jefferson 1807714040 Jennings 1807914041 Johnson 1808114042 Knox 1808314043 Kosciusko 1808514044 LaGrange 18087




14 Indiana

14045 Lake 1808914046 LaPorte 1809114047 Lawrence 1809314048 Madison 1809514049 Marion 1809714050 Marshall 1809914051 Martin 1810114052 Miami 1810314053 Monroe 1810514054 Montgomery 1810714055 Morgan 1810914056 Newton 1811114057 Noble 1811314058 Ohio 1811514059 Orange 1811714060 Owen 1811914061 Parke 1812114062 Perry 1812314063 Pike 1812514064 Porter 1812714065 Posey 1812914066 Pulaski 1813114067 Putnam 1813314068 Randolph 1813514069 Ripley 1813714070 Rush 1813914074 St. Joseph 1814114071 Scott 1814314072 Shelby 1814514073 Spencer 1814714075 Starke 1814914076 Steuben 1815114077 Sullivan 1815314078 Switzerland 1815514079 Tippecanoe 1815714080 Tipton 1815914081 Union 1816114082 Vanderburgh 1816314083 Vermillion 18165




14 Indiana

14084 Vigo 1816714085 Wabash 1816914086 Warren 1817114087 Warrick 1817314088 Washington 1817514089 Wayne 1817714090 Wells 1817914091 White 1818114092 Whitley 18183

15 Iowa

15001 Adair 1900115002 Adams 1900315003 Allamakee 1900515004 Appanoose 1900715005 Audubon 1900915006 Benton 1901115007 Black Hawk 1901315008 Boone 1901515009 Bremer 1901715010 Buchanan 1901915011 Buena Vista 1902115012 Butler 1902315013 Calhoun 1902515014 Carroll 1902715015 Cass 1902915016 Cedar 1903115017 Cerro Gordo 1903315018 Cherokee 1903515019 Chickasaw 1903715020 Clarke 1903915021 Clay 1904115022 Clayton 1904315023 Clinton 1904515024 Crawford 1904715025 Dallas 1904915026 Davis 1905115027 Decatur 1905315028 Delaware 1905515029 Des Moines 1905715030 Dickinson 19059




15 Iowa

15031 Dubuque 1906115032 Emmet 1906315033 Fayette 1906515034 Floyd 1906715035 Franklin 1906915036 Fremont 1907115037 Greene 1907315038 Grundy 1907515039 Guthrie 1907715040 Hamilton 1907915041 Hancock 1908115042 Hardin 1908315043 Harrison 1908515044 Henry 1908715045 Howard 1908915046 Humboldt 1909115047 Ida 1909315048 Iowa 1909515049 Jackson 1909715050 Jasper 1909915051 Jefferson 1910115052 Johnson 1910315053 Jones 1910515054 Keokuk 1910715055 Kossuth 1910915056 Lee 1911115057 Linn 1911315058 Louisa 1911515059 Lucas 1911715060 Lyon 1911915061 Madison 1912115062 Mahaska 1912315063 Marion 1912515064 Marshall 1912715065 Mills 1912915066 Mitchell 1913115067 Monona 1913315068 Monroe 1913515069 Montgomery 19137




15 Iowa

15070 Muscatine 1913915071 O'Brien 1914115072 Osceola 1914315073 Page 1914515074 Palo Alto 1914715075 Plymouth 1914915076 Pocahontas 1915115077 Polk 1915315078 Pottawattamie 1915515079 Poweshiek 1915715080 Ringgold 1915915081 Sac 1916115082 Scott 1916315083 Shelby 1916515084 Sioux 1916715085 Story 1916915086 Tama 1917115087 Taylor 1917315088 Union 1917515089 Van Buren 1917715090 Wapello 1917915091 Warren 1918115092 Washington 1918315093 Wayne 1918515094 Webster 1918715095 Winnebago 1918915096 Winneshiek 1919115097 Woodbury 1919315098 Worth 1919515099 Wright 19197

16 Kansas

16001 Allen 2000116002 Anderson 2000316003 Atchison 2000516004 Barber 2000716005 Barton 2000916006 Bourbon 2001116007 Brown 2001316008 Butler 2001516009 Chase 20017




16 Kansas

16010 Chautauqua 2001916011 Cherokee 2002116012 Cheyenne 2002316013 Clark 2002516014 Clay 2002716015 Cloud 2002916016 Coffey 2003116017 Comanche 2003316018 Cowley 2003516019 Crawford 2003716020 Decatur 2003916021 Dickinson 2004116022 Doniphan 2004316023 Douglas 2004516024 Edwards 2004716025 Elk 2004916026 Ellis 2005116027 Ellsworth 2005316028 Finney 2005516029 Ford 2005716030 Franklin 2005916031 Geary 2006116032 Gove 2006316033 Graham 2006516034 Grant 2006716035 Gray 2006916036 Greeley 2007116037 Greenwood 2007316038 Hamilton 2007516039 Harper 2007716040 Harvey 2007916041 Haskell 2008116042 Hodgeman 2008316043 Jackson 2008516044 Jefferson 2008716045 Jewell 2008916046 Johnson 2009116047 Kearny 2009316048 Kingman 20095




16 Kansas

16049 Kiowa 2009716050 Labette 2009916051 Lane 2010116052 Leavenworth 2010316053 Lincoln 2010516054 Linn 2010716055 Logan 2010916056 Lyon 2011116059 McPherson 2011316057 Marion 2011516058 Marshall 2011716060 Meade 2011916061 Miami 2012116062 Mitchell 2012316063 Montgomery 2012516064 Morris 2012716065 Morton 2012916066 Nemaha 2013116067 Neosho 2013316068 Ness 2013516069 Norton 2013716070 Osage 2013916071 Osborne 2014116072 Ottawa 2014316073 Pawnee 2014516074 Phillips 2014716075 Pottawatomie 2014916076 Pratt 2015116077 Rawlins 2015316078 Reno 2015516079 Republic 2015716080 Rice 2015916081 Riley 2016116082 Rooks 2016316083 Rush 2016516084 Russell 2016716085 Saline 2016916086 Scott 2017116087 Sedgwick 20173




16 Kansas

16088 Seward 2017516089 Shawnee 2017716090 Sheridan 2017916091 Sherman 2018116092 Smith 2018316093 Stafford 2018516094 Stanton 2018716095 Stevens 2018916096 Sumner 2019116097 Thomas 2019316098 Trego 2019516099 Wabaunsee 2019716100 Wallace 2019916101 Washington 2020116102 Wichita 2020316103 Wilson 2020516104 Woodson 2020716105 Wyandotte 20209

17 Kentucky

17001 Adair 2100117002 Allen 2100317003 Anderson 2100517004 Ballard 2100717005 Barren 2100917006 Bath 2101117007 Bell 2101317008 Boone 2101517009 Bourbon 2101717010 Boyd 2101917011 Boyle 2102117012 Bracken 2102317013 Breathitt 2102517014 Breckinridge 2102717015 Bullitt 2102917016 Butler 2103117017 Caldwell 2103317018 Calloway 2103517019 Campbell 2103717020 Carlisle 2103917021 Carroll 21041




17 Kentucky

17022 Carter 2104317023 Casey 2104517024 Christian 2104717025 Clark 2104917026 Clay 2105117027 Clinton 2105317028 Crittenden 2105517029 Cumberland 2105717030 Daviess 2105917031 Edmonson 2106117032 Elliott 2106317033 Estill 2106517034 Fayette 2106717035 Fleming 2106917036 Floyd 2107117037 Franklin 2107317038 Fulton 2107517039 Gallatin 2107717040 Garrard 2107917041 Grant 2108117042 Graves 2108317043 Grayson 2108517044 Green 2108717045 Greenup 2108917046 Hancock 2109117047 Hardin 2109317048 Harlan 2109517049 Harrison 2109717050 Hart 2109917051 Henderson 2110117052 Henry 2110317053 Hickman 2110517054 Hopkins 2110717055 Jackson 2110917056 Jefferson 2111117057 Jessamine 2111317058 Johnson 2111517059 Kenton 2111717060 Knott 21119




17 Kentucky

17061 Knox 2112117062 Larue 2112317063 Laurel 2112517064 Lawrence 2112717065 Lee 2112917066 Leslie 2113117067 Letcher 2113317068 Lewis 2113517069 Lincoln 2113717070 Livingston 2113917071 Logan 2114117072 Lyon 2114317079 McCracken 2114517080 McCreary 2114717081 McLean 2114917073 Madison 2115117074 Magoffin 2115317075 Marion 2115517076 Marshall 2115717077 Martin 2115917078 Mason 2116117082 Meade 2116317083 Menifee 2116517084 Mercer 2116717085 Metcalfe 2116917086 Monroe 2117117087 Montgomery 2117317088 Morgan 2117517089 Muhlenberg 2117717090 Nelson 2117917091 Nicholas 2118117092 Ohio 2118317093 Oldham 2118517094 Owen 2118717095 Owsley 2118917096 Pendleton 2119117097 Perry 2119317098 Pike 2119517099 Powell 21197




17 Kentucky

17100 Pulaski 2119917101 Robertson 2120117102 Rockcastle 2120317103 Rowan 2120517104 Russell 2120717105 Scott 2120917106 Shelby 2121117107 Simpson 2121317108 Spencer 2121517109 Taylor 2121717110 Todd 2121917111 Trigg 2122117112 Trimble 2122317113 Union 2122517114 Warren 2122717115 Washington 2122917116 Wayne 2123117117 Webster 2123317118 Whitley 2123517119 Wolfe 2123717120 Woodford 21239

18 Louisiana

18001 Acadia 2200118002 Allen 2200318003 Ascension 2200518004 Assumption 2200718005 Avoyelles 2200918006 Beauregard 2201118007 Bienville 2201318008 Bossier 2201518009 Caddo 2201718010 Calcasieu 2201918011 Caldwell 2202118012 Cameron 2202318013 Catahoula 2202518014 Claiborne 2202718015 Concordia 2202918016 De Soto 2203118017 East Baton Rouge 2203318018 East Carroll 22035




18 Louisiana

18019 East Feliciana 2203718020 Evangeline 2203918021 Franklin 2204118022 Grant 2204318023 Iberia 2204518024 Iberville 2204718025 Jackson 2204918026 Jefferson 2205118027 Jefferson Davis 2205318029 Lafayette 2205518030 Lafourche 2205718028 La Salle 2205918031 Lincoln 2206118032 Livingston 2206318033 Madison 2206518034 Morehouse 2206718035 Natchitoches 2206918036 Orleans 2207118037 Ouachita 2207318038 Plaquemines 2207518039 Pointe Coupee 2207718040 Rapides 2207918041 Red River 2208118042 Richland 2208318043 Sabine 2208518044 St. Bernard 2208718045 St. Charles 2208918046 St. Helena 2209118047 St. James 2209318048 St. John the Baptist 2209518049 St. Landry 2209718050 St. Martin 2209918051 St. Mary 2210118052 St. Tammany 2210318053 Tangipahoa 2210518054 Tensas 2210718055 Terrebonne 2210918056 Union 2211118057 Vermilion 22113




18 Louisiana

18058 Vernon 2211518059 Washington 2211718060 Webster 2211918061 West Baton Rouge 2212118062 West Carroll 2212318063 West Feliciana 2212518064 Winn 22127

19 Maine

19001 Androscoggin 2300119002 Aroostook 2300319003 Cumberland 2300519004 Franklin 2300719005 Hancock 2300919006 Kennebec 2301119007 Knox 2301319008 Lincoln 2301519009 Oxford 2301719010 Penobscot 2301919011 Piscataquis 2302119012 Sagadahoc 2302319013 Somerset 2302519014 Waldo 2302719015 Washington 2302919016 York 23031

20 Maryland

20001 Allegany 2400120002 Anne Arundel 2400320003 Baltimore 2400520005 Calvert 2400920006 Caroline 2401120007 Carroll 2401320008 Cecil 2401520009 Charles 2401720010 Dorchester 2401920011 Frederick 2402120012 Garrett 2402320013 Harford 2402520014 Howard 2402720015 Kent 2402920016 Montgomery 2403120017 Prince George's 24033




20 Maryland

20018 Queen Anne's 2403520020 St. Mary's 2403720019 Somerset 2403920021 Talbot 2404120022 Washington 2404320023 Wicomico 2404520024 Worcester 2404720004 Baltimore 24510

21 Massachusetts

21001 Barnstable 2500121002 Berkshire 2500321003 Bristol 2500521004 Dukes 2500721005 Essex 2500921006 Franklin 2501121007 Hampden 2501321008 Hampshire 2501521009 Middlesex 2501721010 Nantucket 2501921011 Norfolk 2502121012 Plymouth 2502321013 Suffolk 2502521014 Worcester 25027

22 Michigan

22001 Alcona 2600122002 Alger 2600322003 Allegan 2600522004 Alpena 2600722005 Antrim 2600922006 Arenac 2601122007 Baraga 2601322008 Barry 2601522009 Bay 2601722010 Benzie 2601922011 Berrien 2602122012 Branch 2602322013 Calhoun 2602522014 Cass 2602722015 Charlevoix 2602922016 Cheboygan 2603122017 Chippewa 26033




22 Michigan

22018 Clare 2603522019 Clinton 2603722020 Crawford 2603922021 Delta 2604122022 Dickinson 2604322023 Eaton 2604522024 Emmet 2604722025 Genesee 2604922026 Gladwin 2605122027 Gogebic 2605322028 Grand Traverse 2605522029 Gratiot 2605722030 Hillsdale 2605922031 Houghton 2606122032 Huron 2606322033 Ingham 2606522034 Ionia 2606722035 Iosco 2606922036 Iron 2607122037 Isabella 2607322038 Jackson 2607522039 Kalamazoo 2607722040 Kalkaska 2607922041 Kent 2608122042 Keweenaw 2608322043 Lake 2608522044 Lapeer 2608722045 Leelanau 2608922046 Lenawee 2609122047 Livingston 2609322048 Luce 2609522049 Mackinac 2609722050 Macomb 2609922051 Manistee 2610122052 Marquette 2610322053 Mason 2610522054 Mecosta 2610722055 Menominee 2610922056 Midland 26111




22 Michigan

22057 Missaukee 2611322058 Monroe 2611522059 Montcalm 2611722060 Montmorency 2611922061 Muskegon 2612122062 Newaygo 2612322063 Oakland 2612522064 Oceana 2612722065 Ogemaw 2612922066 Ontonagon 2613122067 Osceola 2613322068 Oscoda 2613522069 Otsego 2613722070 Ottawa 2613922071 Presque Isle 2614122072 Roscommon 2614322073 Saginaw 2614522077 St. Clair 2614722078 St. Joseph 2614922074 Sanilac 2615122075 Schoolcraft 2615322076 Shiawassee 2615522079 Tuscola 2615722080 Van Buren 2615922081 Washtenaw 2616122082 Wayne 2616322083 Wexford 26165

23 Minnesota

23001 Aitkin 2700123002 Anoka 2700323003 Becker 2700523004 Beltrami 2700723005 Benton 2700923006 Big Stone 2701123007 Blue Earth 2701323008 Brown 2701523009 Carlton 2701723010 Carver 2701923011 Cass 2702123012 Chippewa 27023




23 Minnesota

23013 Chisago 2702523014 Clay 2702723015 Clearwater 2702923016 Cook 2703123017 Cottonwood 2703323018 Crow Wing 2703523019 Dakota 2703723020 Dodge 2703923021 Douglas 2704123022 Faribault 2704323023 Fillmore 2704523024 Freeborn 2704723025 Goodhue 2704923026 Grant 2705123027 Hennepin 2705323028 Houston 2705523029 Hubbard 2705723030 Isanti 2705923031 Itasca 2706123032 Jackson 2706323033 Kanabec 2706523034 Kandiyohi 2706723035 Kittson 2706923036 Koochiching 2707123037 Lac qui Parle 2707323038 Lake 2707523039 Lake of the Woods 2707723040 Le Sueur 2707923041 Lincoln 2708123042 Lyon 2708323046 McLeod 2708523043 Mahnomen 2708723044 Marshall 2708923045 Martin 2709123047 Meeker 2709323048 Mille Lacs 2709523049 Morrison 2709723050 Mower 2709923051 Murray 27101




23 Minnesota

23052 Nicollet 2710323053 Nobles 2710523054 Norman 2710723055 Olmsted 2710923056 Otter Tail 2711123057 Pennington 2711323058 Pine 2711523059 Pipestone 2711723060 Polk 2711923061 Pope 2712123062 Ramsey 2712323063 Red Lake 2712523064 Redwood 2712723065 Renville 2712923066 Rice 2713123067 Rock 2713323068 Roseau 2713523072 St. Louis 2713723069 Scott 2713923070 Sherburne 2714123071 Sibley 2714323073 Stearns 2714523074 Steele 2714723075 Stevens 2714923076 Swift 2715123077 Todd 2715323078 Traverse 2715523079 Wabasha 2715723080 Wadena 2715923081 Waseca 2716123082 Washington 2716323083 Watonwan 2716523084 Wilkin 2716723085 Winona 2716923086 Wright 2717123087 Yellow Medicine 27173

24 Mississippi24001 Adams 2800124002 Alcorn 2800324003 Amite 28005




24 Mississippi

24004 Attala 2800724005 Benton 2800924006 Bolivar 2801124007 Calhoun 2801324008 Carroll 2801524009 Chickasaw 2801724010 Choctaw 2801924011 Claiborne 2802124012 Clarke 2802324013 Clay 2802524014 Coahoma 2802724015 Copiah 2802924016 Covington 2803124017 DeSoto 2803324018 Forrest 2803524019 Franklin 2803724020 George 2803924021 Greene 2804124022 Grenada 2804324023 Hancock 2804524024 Harrison 2804724025 Hinds 2804924026 Holmes 2805124027 Humphreys 2805324028 Issaquena 2805524029 Itawamba 2805724030 Jackson 2805924031 Jasper 2806124032 Jefferson 2806324033 Jefferson Davis 2806524034 Jones 2806724035 Kemper 2806924036 Lafayette 2807124037 Lamar 2807324038 Lauderdale 2807524039 Lawrence 2807724040 Leake 2807924041 Lee 2808124042 Leflore 28083




24 Mississippi

24043 Lincoln 2808524044 Lowndes 2808724045 Madison 2808924046 Marion 2809124047 Marshall 2809324048 Monroe 2809524049 Montgomery 2809724050 Neshoba 2809924051 Newton 2810124052 Noxubee 2810324053 Oktibbeha 2810524054 Panola 2810724055 Pearl River 2810924056 Perry 2811124057 Pike 2811324058 Pontotoc 2811524059 Prentiss 2811724060 Quitman 2811924061 Rankin 2812124062 Scott 2812324063 Sharkey 2812524064 Simpson 2812724065 Smith 2812924066 Stone 2813124067 Sunflower 2813324068 Tallahatchie 2813524069 Tate 2813724070 Tippah 2813924071 Tishomingo 2814124072 Tunica 2814324073 Union 2814524074 Walthall 2814724075 Warren 2814924076 Washington 2815124077 Wayne 2815324078 Webster 2815524079 Wilkinson 2815724080 Winston 2815924081 Yalobusha 28161




24 Mississippi 24082 Yazoo 28163

25 Missouri

25001 Adair 2900125002 Andrew 2900325003 Atchison 2900525004 Audrain 2900725005 Barry 2900925006 Barton 2901125007 Bates 2901325008 Benton 2901525009 Bollinger 2901725010 Boone 2901925011 Buchanan 2902125012 Butler 2902325013 Caldwell 2902525014 Callaway 2902725015 Camden 2902925016 Cape Girardeau 2903125017 Carroll 2903325018 Carter 2903525019 Cass 2903725020 Cedar 2903925021 Chariton 2904125022 Christian 2904325023 Clark 2904525024 Clay 2904725025 Clinton 2904925026 Cole 2905125027 Cooper 2905325028 Crawford 2905525029 Dade 2905725030 Dallas 2905925031 Daviess 2906125032 DeKalb 2906325033 Dent 2906525034 Douglas 2906725035 Dunklin 2906925036 Franklin 2907125037 Gasconade 2907325038 Gentry 29075




25 Missouri

25039 Greene 2907725040 Grundy 2907925041 Harrison 2908125042 Henry 2908325043 Hickory 2908525044 Holt 2908725045 Howard 2908925046 Howell 2909125047 Iron 2909325048 Jackson 2909525049 Jasper 2909725050 Jefferson 2909925051 Johnson 2910125052 Knox 2910325053 Laclede 2910525054 Lafayette 2910725055 Lawrence 2910925056 Lewis 2911125057 Lincoln 2911325058 Linn 2911525059 Livingston 2911725064 McDonald 2911925060 Macon 2912125061 Madison 2912325062 Maries 2912525063 Marion 2912725065 Mercer 2912925066 Miller 2913125067 Mississippi 2913325068 Moniteau 2913525069 Monroe 2913725070 Montgomery 2913925071 Morgan 2914125072 New Madrid 2914325073 Newton 2914525074 Nodaway 2914725075 Oregon 2914925076 Osage 2915125077 Ozark 29153




25 Missouri

25078 Pemiscot 2915525079 Perry 2915725080 Pettis 2915925081 Phelps 2916125082 Pike 2916325083 Platte 2916525084 Polk 2916725085 Pulaski 2916925086 Putnam 2917125087 Ralls 2917325088 Randolph 2917525089 Ray 2917725090 Reynolds 2917925091 Ripley 2918125098 St. Charles 2918325099 St. Clair 2918525103 Ste. Genevieve 2918625100 St. Francois 2918725101 St. Louis 2918925092 Saline 2919525093 Schuyler 2919725094 Scotland 2919925095 Scott 2920125096 Shannon 2920325097 Shelby 2920525104 Stoddard 2920725105 Stone 2920925106 Sullivan 2921125107 Taney 2921325108 Texas 2921525109 Vernon 2921725110 Warren 2921925111 Washington 2922125112 Wayne 2922325113 Webster 2922525114 Worth 2922725115 Wright 2922925102 St. Louis City 29510

26 Montana 26001 Beaverhead 30001




26 Montana

26002 Big Horn 3000326003 Blaine 3000526004 Broadwater 3000726005 Carbon 3000926006 Carter 3001126007 Cascade 3001326008 Chouteau 3001526009 Custer 3001726010 Daniels 3001926011 Dawson 3002126012 Deer Lodge 3002326013 Fallon 3002526014 Fergus 3002726015 Flathead 3002926016 Gallatin 3003126017 Garfield 3003326018 Glacier 3003526019 Golden Valley 3003726020 Granite 3003926021 Hill 3004126022 Jefferson 3004326023 Judith Basin 3004526024 Lake 3004726025 Lewis and Clark 3004926026 Liberty 3005126027 Lincoln 3005326029 McCone 3005526028 Madison 3005726030 Meagher 3005926031 Mineral 3006126032 Missoula 3006326033 Musselshell 3006526034 Park 3006726035 Petroleum 3006926036 Phillips 3007126037 Pondera 3007326038 Powder River 3007526039 Powell 3007726040 Prairie 30079




26 Montana

26041 Ravalli 3008126042 Richland 3008326043 Roosevelt 3008526044 Rosebud 3008726045 Sanders 3008926046 Sheridan 3009126047 Silver Bow 3009326048 Stillwater 3009526049 Sweet Grass 3009726050 Teton 3009926051 Toole 3010126052 Treasure 3010326053 Valley 3010526054 Wheatland 3010726055 Wibaux 3010926056 Yellowstone 30111

27 Nebraska

27001 Adams 3100127002 Antelope 3100327003 Arthur 3100527004 Banner 3100727005 Blaine 3100927006 Boone 3101127007 Box Butte 3101327008 Boyd 3101527009 Brown 3101727010 Buffalo 3101927011 Burt 3102127012 Butler 3102327013 Cass 3102527014 Cedar 3102727015 Chase 3102927016 Cherry 3103127017 Cheyenne 3103327018 Clay 3103527019 Colfax 3103727020 Cuming 3103927021 Custer 3104127022 Dakota 3104327023 Dawes 31045




27 Nebraska

27024 Dawson 3104727025 Deuel 3104927026 Dixon 3105127027 Dodge 3105327028 Douglas 3105527029 Dundy 3105727030 Fillmore 3105927031 Franklin 3106127032 Frontier 3106327033 Furnas 3106527034 Gage 3106727035 Garden 3106927036 Garfield 3107127037 Gosper 3107327038 Grant 3107527039 Greeley 3107727040 Hall 3107927041 Hamilton 3108127042 Harlan 3108327043 Hayes 3108527044 Hitchcock 3108727045 Holt 3108927046 Hooker 3109127047 Howard 3109327048 Jefferson 3109527049 Johnson 3109727050 Kearney 3109927051 Keith 3110127052 Keya Paha 3110327053 Kimball 3110527054 Knox 3110727055 Lancaster 3110927056 Lincoln 3111127057 Logan 3111327058 Loup 3111527060 McPherson 3111727059 Madison 3111927061 Merrick 3112127062 Morrill 31123




27 Nebraska

27063 Nance 3112527064 Nemaha 3112727065 Nuckolls 3112927066 Otoe 3113127067 Pawnee 3113327068 Perkins 3113527069 Phelps 3113727070 Pierce 3113927071 Platte 3114127072 Polk 3114327073 Red Willow 3114527074 Richardson 3114727075 Rock 3114927076 Saline 3115127077 Sarpy 3115327078 Saunders 3115527079 Scotts Bluff 3115727080 Seward 3115927081 Sheridan 3116127082 Sherman 3116327083 Sioux 3116527084 Stanton 3116727085 Thayer 3116927086 Thomas 3117127087 Thurston 3117327088 Valley 3117527089 Washington 3117727090 Wayne 3117927091 Webster 3118127092 Wheeler 3118327093 York 31185

28 Nevada

28002 Churchill 3200128003 Clark 3200328004 Douglas 3200528005 Elko 3200728006 Esmeralda 3200928007 Eureka 3201128008 Humboldt 3201328009 Lander 32015




28 Nevada

28010 Lincoln 3201728011 Lyon 3201928012 Mineral 3202128013 Nye 3202328014 Pershing 3202728015 Storey 3202928016 Washoe 3203128017 White Pine 3203328001 Carson City 32510

29 New Hampshire

29001 Belknap 3300129002 Carroll 3300329003 Cheshire 3300529004 Coos 3300729005 Grafton 3300929006 Hillsborough 3301129007 Merrimack 3301329008 Rockingham 3301529009 Strafford 3301729010 Sullivan 33019

30 New Jersey

30001 Atlantic 3400130002 Bergen 3400330003 Burlington 3400530004 Camden 3400730005 Cape May 3400930006 Cumberland 3401130007 Essex 3401330008 Gloucester 3401530009 Hudson 3401730010 Hunterdon 3401930011 Mercer 3402130012 Middlesex 3402330013 Monmouth 3402530014 Morris 3402730015 Ocean 3402930016 Passaic 3403130017 Salem 3403330018 Somerset 3403530019 Sussex 3403730020 Union 34039




30 New Jersey 30021 Warren 34041

31 New Mexico

31001 Bernalillo 3500131002 Catron 3500331003 Chaves 3500531004 Cibola 3500631005 Colfax 3500731006 Curry 3500931007 De Baca 3501131008 Dona Ana 3501331009 Eddy 3501531010 Grant 3501731011 Guadalupe 3501931012 Harding 3502131013 Hidalgo 3502331014 Lea 3502531015 Lincoln 3502731016 Los Alamos 3502831017 Luna 3502931018 McKinley 3503131019 Mora 3503331020 Otero 3503531021 Quay 3503731022 Rio Arriba 3503931023 Roosevelt 3504131026 Sandoval 3504331024 San Juan 3504531025 San Miguel 3504731027 Santa Fe 3504931028 Sierra 3505131029 Socorro 3505331030 Taos 3505531031 Torrance 3505731032 Union 3505931033 Valencia 35061

32 New York

32001 Albany 3600132002 Allegany 3600332003 Bronx 3600532004 Broome 3600732005 Cattaraugus 36009




32 New York

32006 Cayuga 3601132007 Chautauqua 3601332008 Chemung 3601532009 Chenango 3601732010 Clinton 3601932011 Columbia 3602132012 Cortland 3602332013 Delaware 3602532014 Dutchess 3602732015 Erie 3602932016 Essex 3603132017 Franklin 3603332018 Fulton 3603532019 Genesee 3603732020 Greene 3603932021 Hamilton 3604132022 Herkimer 3604332023 Jefferson 3604532024 Kings 3604732025 Lewis 3604932026 Livingston 3605132027 Madison 3605332028 Monroe 3605532029 Montgomery 3605732030 Nassau 3605932031 New York 3606132032 Niagara 3606332033 Oneida 3606532034 Onondaga 3606732035 Ontario 3606932036 Orange 3607132037 Orleans 3607332038 Oswego 3607532039 Otsego 3607732040 Putnam 3607932041 Queens 3608132042 Rensselaer 3608332043 Richmond 3608532044 Rockland 36087




32 New York

32050 St. Lawrence 3608932045 Saratoga 3609132046 Schenectady 3609332047 Schoharie 3609532048 Schuyler 3609732049 Seneca 3609932051 Steuben 3610132052 Suffolk 3610332053 Sullivan 3610532054 Tioga 3610732055 Tompkins 3610932056 Ulster 3611132057 Warren 3611332058 Washington 3611532059 Wayne 3611732060 Westchester 3611932061 Wyoming 3612132062 Yates 36123

33 North Carolina

33001 Alamance 3700133002 Alexander 3700333003 Alleghany 3700533004 Anson 3700733005 Ashe 3700933006 Avery 3701133007 Beaufort 3701333008 Bertie 3701533009 Bladen 3701733010 Brunswick 3701933011 Buncombe 3702133012 Burke 3702333013 Cabarrus 3702533014 Caldwell 3702733015 Camden 3702933016 Carteret 3703133017 Caswell 3703333018 Catawba 3703533019 Chatham 3703733020 Cherokee 3703933021 Chowan 37041




33 North Carolina

33022 Clay 3704333023 Cleveland 3704533024 Columbus 3704733025 Craven 3704933026 Cumberland 3705133027 Currituck 3705333028 Dare 3705533029 Davidson 3705733030 Davie 3705933031 Duplin 3706133032 Durham 3706333033 Edgecombe 3706533034 Forsyth 3706733035 Franklin 3706933036 Gaston 3707133037 Gates 3707333038 Graham 3707533039 Granville 3707733040 Greene 3707933041 Guilford 3708133042 Halifax 3708333043 Harnett 3708533044 Haywood 3708733045 Henderson 3708933046 Hertford 3709133047 Hoke 3709333048 Hyde 3709533049 Iredell 3709733050 Jackson 3709933051 Johnston 3710133052 Jones 3710333053 Lee 3710533054 Lenoir 3710733055 Lincoln 3710933059 McDowell 3711733056 Macon 3711133057 Madison 3711333058 Martin 3711533060 Mecklenburg 37119




33 North Carolina

33061 Mitchell 3712133062 Montgomery 3712333063 Moore 3712533064 Nash 3712733065 New Hanover 3712933066 Northampton 3713133067 Onslow 3713333068 Orange 3713533069 Pamlico 3713733070 Pasquotank 3713933071 Pender 3714133072 Perquimans 3714333073 Person 3714533074 Pitt 3714733075 Polk 3714933076 Randolph 3715133077 Richmond 3715333078 Robeson 3715533079 Rockingham 3715733080 Rowan 3715933081 Rutherford 3716133082 Sampson 3716333083 Scotland 3716533084 Stanly 3716733085 Stokes 3716933086 Surry 3717133087 Swain 3717333088 Transylvania 3717533089 Tyrrell 3717733090 Union 3717933091 Vance 3718133092 Wake 3718333093 Warren 3718533094 Washington 3718733095 Watauga 3718933096 Wayne 3719133097 Wilkes 3719333098 Wilson 3719533099 Yadkin 37197




33 North Carolina 33100 Yancey 37199

34 North Dakota

34001 Adams 3800134002 Barnes 3800334003 Benson 3800534004 Billings 3800734005 Bottineau 3800934006 Bowman 3801134007 Burke 3801334008 Burleigh 3801534009 Cass 3801734010 Cavalier 3801934011 Dickey 3802134012 Divide 3802334013 Dunn 3802534014 Eddy 3802734015 Emmons 3802934016 Foster 3803134017 Golden Valley 3803334018 Grand Forks 3803534019 Grant 3803734020 Griggs 3803934021 Hettinger 3804134022 Kidder 3804334023 LaMoure 3804534024 Logan 3804734025 McHenry 3804934026 McIntosh 3805134027 McKenzie 3805334028 McLean 3805534029 Mercer 3805734030 Morton 3805934031 Mountrail 3806134032 Nelson 3806334033 Oliver 3806534034 Pembina 3806734035 Pierce 3806934036 Ramsey 3807134037 Ransom 3807334038 Renville 38075




34 North Dakota

34039 Richland 3807734040 Rolette 3807934041 Sargent 3808134042 Sheridan 3808334043 Sioux 3808534044 Slope 3808734045 Stark 3808934046 Steele 3809134047 Stutsman 3809334048 Towner 3809534049 Traill 3809734050 Walsh 3809934051 Ward 3810134052 Wells 3810334053 Williams 38105

35 Ohio

35001 Adams 3900135002 Allen 3900335003 Ashland 3900535004 Ashtabula 3900735005 Athens 3900935006 Auglaize 3901135007 Belmont 3901335008 Brown 3901535009 Butler 3901735010 Carroll 3901935011 Champaign 3902135012 Clark 3902335013 Clermont 3902535014 Clinton 3902735015 Columbiana 3902935016 Coshocton 3903135017 Crawford 3903335018 Cuyahoga 3903535019 Darke 3903735020 Defiance 3903935021 Delaware 3904135022 Erie 3904335023 Fairfield 3904535024 Fayette 39047




35 Ohio

35025 Franklin 3904935026 Fulton 3905135027 Gallia 3905335028 Geauga 3905535029 Greene 3905735030 Guernsey 3905935031 Hamilton 3906135032 Hancock 3906335033 Hardin 3906535034 Harrison 3906735035 Henry 3906935036 Highland 3907135037 Hocking 3907335038 Holmes 3907535039 Huron 3907735040 Jackson 3907935041 Jefferson 3908135042 Knox 3908335043 Lake 3908535044 Lawrence 3908735045 Licking 3908935046 Logan 3909135047 Lorain 3909335048 Lucas 3909535049 Madison 3909735050 Mahoning 3909935051 Marion 3910135052 Medina 3910335053 Meigs 3910535054 Mercer 3910735055 Miami 3910935056 Monroe 3911135057 Montgomery 3911335058 Morgan 3911535059 Morrow 3911735060 Muskingum 3911935061 Noble 3912135062 Ottawa 3912335063 Paulding 39125




35 Ohio

35064 Perry 3912735065 Pickaway 3912935066 Pike 3913135067 Portage 3913335068 Preble 3913535069 Putnam 3913735070 Richland 3913935071 Ross 3914135072 Sandusky 3914335073 Scioto 3914535074 Seneca 3914735075 Shelby 3914935076 Stark 3915135077 Summit 3915335078 Trumbull 3915535079 Tuscarawas 3915735080 Union 3915935081 Van Wert 3916135082 Vinton 3916335083 Warren 3916535084 Washington 3916735085 Wayne 3916935086 Williams 3917135087 Wood 3917335088 Wyandot 39175

36 Oklahoma

36001 Adair 4000136002 Alfalfa 4000336003 Atoka 4000536004 Beaver 4000736005 Beckham 4000936006 Blaine 4001136007 Bryan 4001336008 Caddo 4001536009 Canadian 4001736010 Carter 4001936011 Cherokee 4002136012 Choctaw 4002336013 Cimarron 4002536014 Cleveland 40027




36 Oklahoma

36015 Coal 4002936016 Comanche 4003136017 Cotton 4003336018 Craig 4003536019 Creek 4003736020 Custer 4003936021 Delaware 4004136022 Dewey 4004336023 Ellis 4004536024 Garfield 4004736025 Garvin 4004936026 Grady 4005136027 Grant 4005336028 Greer 4005536029 Harmon 4005736030 Harper 4005936031 Haskell 4006136032 Hughes 4006336033 Jackson 4006536034 Jefferson 4006736035 Johnston 4006936036 Kay 4007136037 Kingfisher 4007336038 Kiowa 4007536039 Latimer 4007736040 Le Flore 4007936041 Lincoln 4008136042 Logan 4008336043 Love 4008536047 McClain 4008736048 McCurtain 4008936049 McIntosh 4009136044 Major 4009336045 Marshall 4009536046 Mayes 4009736050 Murray 4009936051 Muskogee 4010136052 Noble 4010336053 Nowata 40105




36 Oklahoma

36054 Okfuskee 4010736055 Oklahoma 4010936056 Okmulgee 4011136057 Osage 4011336058 Ottawa 4011536059 Pawnee 4011736060 Payne 4011936061 Pittsburg 4012136062 Pontotoc 4012336063 Pottawatomie 4012536064 Pushmataha 4012736065 Roger Mills 4012936066 Rogers 4013136067 Seminole 4013336068 Sequoyah 4013536069 Stephens 4013736070 Texas 4013936071 Tillman 4014136072 Tulsa 4014336073 Wagoner 4014536074 Washington 4014736075 Washita 4014936076 Woods 4015136077 Woodward 40153

37 Oregon

37001 Baker 4100137002 Benton 4100337003 Clackamas 4100537004 Clatsop 4100737005 Columbia 4100937006 Coos 4101137007 Crook 4101337008 Curry 4101537009 Deschutes 4101737010 Douglas 4101937011 Gilliam 4102137012 Grant 4102337013 Harney 4102537014 Hood River 4102737015 Jackson 41029




37 Oregon

37016 Jefferson 4103137017 Josephine 4103337018 Klamath 4103537019 Lake 4103737020 Lane 4103937021 Lincoln 4104137022 Linn 4104337023 Malheur 4104537024 Marion 4104737025 Morrow 4104937026 Multnomah 4105137027 Polk 4105337028 Sherman 4105537029 Tillamook 4105737030 Umatilla 4105937031 Union 4106137032 Wallowa 4106337033 Wasco 4106537034 Washington 4106737035 Wheeler 4106937036 Yamhill 41071

38 Pennsylvania

38001 Adams 4200138002 Allegheny 4200338003 Armstrong 4200538004 Beaver 4200738005 Bedford 4200938006 Berks 4201138007 Blair 4201338008 Bradford 4201538009 Bucks 4201738010 Butler 4201938011 Cambria 4202138012 Cameron 4202338013 Carbon 4202538014 Centre 4202738015 Chester 4202938016 Clarion 4203138017 Clearfield 4203338018 Clinton 42035




38 Pennsylvania

38019 Columbia 4203738020 Crawford 4203938021 Cumberland 4204138022 Dauphin 4204338023 Delaware 4204538024 Elk 4204738025 Erie 4204938026 Fayette 4205138027 Forest 4205338028 Franklin 4205538029 Fulton 4205738030 Greene 4205938031 Huntingdon 4206138032 Indiana 4206338033 Jefferson 4206538034 Juniata 4206738035 Lackawanna 4206938036 Lancaster 4207138037 Lawrence 4207338038 Lebanon 4207538039 Lehigh 4207738040 Luzerne 4207938041 Lycoming 4208138042 McKean 4208338043 Mercer 4208538044 Mifflin 4208738045 Monroe 4208938046 Montgomery 4209138047 Montour 4209338048 Northampton 4209538049 Northumberland 4209738050 Perry 4209938051 Philadelphia 4210138052 Pike 4210338053 Potter 4210538054 Schuylkill 4210738055 Snyder 4210938056 Somerset 4211138057 Sullivan 42113




38 Pennsylvania

38058 Susquehanna 4211538059 Tioga 4211738060 Union 4211938061 Venango 4212138062 Warren 4212338063 Washington 4212538064 Wayne 4212738065 Westmoreland 4212938066 Wyoming 4213138067 York 42133

39 Rhode Island

39001 Bristol 4400139002 Kent 4400339003 Newport 4400539004 Providence 4400739005 Washington 44009

40 South Carolina

40001 Abbeville 4500140002 Aiken 4500340003 Allendale 4500540004 Anderson 4500740005 Bamberg 4500940006 Barnwell 4501140007 Beaufort 4501340008 Berkeley 4501540009 Calhoun 4501740010 Charleston 4501940011 Cherokee 4502140012 Chester 4502340013 Chesterfield 4502540014 Clarendon 4502740015 Colleton 4502940016 Darlington 4503140017 Dillon 4503340018 Dorchester 4503540019 Edgefield 4503740020 Fairfield 4503940021 Florence 4504140022 Georgetown 4504340023 Greenville 4504540024 Greenwood 45047




40 South Carolina

40025 Hampton 4504940026 Horry 4505140027 Jasper 4505340028 Kershaw 4505540029 Lancaster 4505740030 Laurens 4505940031 Lee 4506140032 Lexington 4506340035 McCormick 4506540033 Marion 4506740034 Marlboro 4506940036 Newberry 4507140037 Oconee 4507340038 Orangeburg 4507540039 Pickens 4507740040 Richland 4507940041 Saluda 4508140042 Spartanburg 4508340043 Sumter 4508540044 Union 4508740045 Williamsburg 4508940046 York 45091

41 South Dakota

41001 Aurora 4600341002 Beadle 4600541003 Bennett 4600741004 Bon Homme 4600941005 Brookings 4601141006 Brown 4601341007 Brule 4601541008 Buffalo 4601741009 Butte 4601941010 Campbell 4602141011 Charles Mix 4602341012 Clark 4602541013 Clay 4602741014 Codington 4602941015 Corson 4603141016 Custer 4603341017 Davison 46035




41 South Dakota

41018 Day 4603741019 Deuel 4603941020 Dewey 4604141021 Douglas 4604341022 Edmunds 4604541023 Fall River 4604741024 Faulk 4604941025 Grant 4605141026 Gregory 4605341027 Haakon 4605541028 Hamlin 4605741029 Hand 4605941030 Hanson 4606141031 Harding 4606341032 Hughes 4606541033 Hutchinson 4606741034 Hyde 4606941035 Jackson 4607141036 Jerauld 4607341037 Jones 4607541038 Kingsbury 4607741039 Lake 4607941040 Lawrence 4608141041 Lincoln 4608341042 Lyman 4608541044 McCook 4608741045 McPherson 4608941043 Marshall 4609141046 Meade 4609341047 Mellette 4609541048 Miner 4609741049 Minnehaha 4609941050 Moody 4610141051 Pennington 4610341052 Perkins 4610541053 Potter 4610741054 Roberts 4610941055 Sanborn 4611141056 Shannon 46113




41 South Dakota

41057 Spink 4611541058 Stanley 4611741059 Sully 4611941060 Todd 4612141061 Tripp 4612341062 Turner 4612541063 Union 4612741064 Walworth 4612941065 Yankton 4613541066 Ziebach 46137

42 Tennessee

42001 Anderson 4700142002 Bedford 4700342003 Benton 4700542004 Bledsoe 4700742005 Blount 4700942006 Bradley 4701142007 Campbell 4701342008 Cannon 4701542009 Carroll 4701742010 Carter 4701942011 Cheatham 4702142012 Chester 4702342013 Claiborne 4702542014 Clay 4702742015 Cocke 4702942016 Coffee 4703142017 Crockett 4703342018 Cumberland 4703542019 Davidson 4703742020 Decatur 4703942021 DeKalb 4704142022 Dickson 4704342023 Dyer 4704542024 Fayette 4704742025 Fentress 4704942026 Franklin 4705142027 Gibson 4705342028 Giles 4705542029 Grainger 47057




42 Tennessee

42030 Greene 4705942031 Grundy 4706142032 Hamblen 4706342033 Hamilton 4706542034 Hancock 4706742035 Hardeman 4706942036 Hardin 4707142037 Hawkins 4707342038 Haywood 4707542039 Henderson 4707742040 Henry 4707942041 Hickman 4708142042 Houston 4708342043 Humphreys 4708542044 Jackson 4708742045 Jefferson 4708942046 Johnson 4709142047 Knox 4709342048 Lake 4709542049 Lauderdale 4709742050 Lawrence 4709942051 Lewis 4710142052 Lincoln 4710342053 Loudon 4710542059 McMinn 4710742060 McNairy 4710942054 Macon 4711142055 Madison 4711342056 Marion 4711542057 Marshall 4711742058 Maury 4711942061 Meigs 4712142062 Monroe 4712342063 Montgomery 4712542064 Moore 4712742065 Morgan 4712942066 Obion 4713142067 Overton 4713342068 Perry 47135




42 Tennessee

42069 Pickett 4713742070 Polk 4713942071 Putnam 4714142072 Rhea 4714342073 Roane 4714542074 Robertson 4714742075 Rutherford 4714942076 Scott 4715142077 Sequatchie 4715342078 Sevier 4715542079 Shelby 4715742080 Smith 4715942081 Stewart 4716142082 Sullivan 4716342083 Sumner 4716542084 Tipton 4716742085 Trousdale 4716942086 Unicoi 4717142087 Union 4717342088 Van Buren 4717542089 Warren 4717742090 Washington 4717942091 Wayne 4718142092 Weakley 4718342093 White 4718542094 Williamson 4718742095 Wilson 47189

43 Texas

43001 Anderson 4800143002 Andrews 4800343003 Angelina 4800543004 Aransas 4800743005 Archer 4800943006 Armstrong 4801143007 Atascosa 4801343008 Austin 4801543009 Bailey 4801743010 Bandera 4801943011 Bastrop 4802143012 Baylor 48023




43 Texas

43013 Bee 4802543014 Bell 4802743015 Bexar 4802943016 Blanco 4803143017 Borden 4803343018 Bosque 4803543019 Bowie 4803743020 Brazoria 4803943021 Brazos 4804143022 Brewster 4804343023 Briscoe 4804543024 Brooks 4804743025 Brown 4804943026 Burleson 4805143027 Burnet 4805343028 Caldwell 4805543029 Calhoun 4805743030 Callahan 4805943031 Cameron 4806143032 Camp 4806343033 Carson 4806543034 Cass 4806743035 Castro 4806943036 Chambers 4807143037 Cherokee 4807343038 Childress 4807543039 Clay 4807743040 Cochran 4807943041 Coke 4808143042 Coleman 4808343043 Collin 4808543044 Collingsworth 4808743045 Colorado 4808943046 Comal 4809143047 Comanche 4809343048 Concho 4809543049 Cooke 4809743050 Coryell 4809943051 Cottle 48101




43 Texas

43052 Crane 4810343053 Crockett 4810543054 Crosby 4810743055 Culberson 4810943056 Dallam 4811143057 Dallas 4811343058 Dawson 4811543059 Deaf Smith 4811743060 Delta 4811943061 Denton 4812143062 DeWitt 4812343063 Dickens 4812543064 Dimmit 4812743065 Donley 4812943066 Duval 4813143067 Eastland 4813343068 Ector 4813543069 Edwards 4813743071 Ellis 4813943070 El Paso 4814143072 Erath 4814343073 Falls 4814543074 Fannin 4814743075 Fayette 4814943076 Fisher 4815143077 Floyd 4815343078 Foard 4815543079 Fort Bend 4815743080 Franklin 4815943081 Freestone 4816143082 Frio 4816343083 Gaines 4816543084 Galveston 4816743085 Garza 4816943086 Gillespie 4817143087 Glasscock 4817343088 Goliad 4817543089 Gonzales 4817743090 Gray 48179




43 Texas

43091 Grayson 4818143092 Gregg 4818343093 Grimes 4818543094 Guadalupe 4818743095 Hale 4818943096 Hall 4819143097 Hamilton 4819343098 Hansford 4819543099 Hardeman 4819743100 Hardin 4819943101 Harris 4820143102 Harrison 4820343103 Hartley 4820543104 Haskell 4820743105 Hays 4820943106 Hemphill 4821143107 Henderson 4821343108 Hidalgo 4821543109 Hill 4821743110 Hockley 4821943111 Hood 4822143112 Hopkins 4822343113 Houston 4822543114 Howard 4822743115 Hudspeth 4822943116 Hunt 4823143117 Hutchinson 4823343118 Irion 4823543119 Jack 4823743120 Jackson 4823943121 Jasper 4824143122 Jeff Davis 4824343123 Jefferson 4824543124 Jim Hogg 4824743125 Jim Wells 4824943126 Johnson 4825143127 Jones 4825343128 Karnes 4825543129 Kaufman 48257




43 Texas

43130 Kendall 4825943131 Kenedy 4826143132 Kent 4826343133 Kerr 4826543134 Kimble 4826743135 King 4826943136 Kinney 4827143137 Kleberg 4827343138 Knox 4827543140 Lamar 4827743141 Lamb 4827943142 Lampasas 4828143139 La Salle 4828343143 Lavaca 4828543144 Lee 4828743145 Leon 4828943146 Liberty 4829143147 Limestone 4829343148 Lipscomb 4829543149 Live Oak 4829743150 Llano 4829943151 Loving 4830143152 Lubbock 4830343153 Lynn 4830543160 McCulloch 4830743161 McLennan 4830943162 McMullen 4831143154 Madison 4831343155 Marion 4831543156 Martin 4831743157 Mason 4831943158 Matagorda 4832143159 Maverick 4832343163 Medina 4832543164 Menard 4832743165 Midland 4832943166 Milam 4833143167 Mills 4833343168 Mitchell 48335




43 Texas

43169 Montague 4833743170 Montgomery 4833943171 Moore 4834143172 Morris 4834343173 Motley 4834543174 Nacogdoches 4834743175 Navarro 4834943176 Newton 4835143177 Nolan 4835343178 Nueces 4835543179 Ochiltree 4835743180 Oldham 4835943181 Orange 4836143182 Palo Pinto 4836343183 Panola 4836543184 Parker 4836743185 Parmer 4836943186 Pecos 4837143187 Polk 4837343188 Potter 4837543189 Presidio 4837743190 Rains 4837943191 Randall 4838143192 Reagan 4838343193 Real 4838543194 Red River 4838743195 Reeves 4838943196 Refugio 4839143197 Roberts 4839343198 Robertson 4839543199 Rockwall 4839743200 Runnels 4839943201 Rusk 4840143202 Sabine 4840343203 San Augustine 4840543204 San Jacinto 4840743205 San Patricio 4840943206 San Saba 4841143207 Schleicher 48413




43 Texas

43208 Scurry 4841543209 Shackelford 4841743210 Shelby 4841943211 Sherman 4842143212 Smith 4842343213 Somervell 4842543214 Starr 4842743215 Stephens 4842943216 Sterling 4843143217 Stonewall 4843343218 Sutton 4843543219 Swisher 4843743220 Tarrant 4843943221 Taylor 4844143222 Terrell 4844343223 Terry 4844543224 Throckmorton 4844743225 Titus 4844943226 Tom Green 4845143227 Travis 4845343228 Trinity 4845543229 Tyler 4845743230 Upshur 4845943231 Upton 4846143232 Uvalde 4846343233 Val Verde 4846543234 Van Zandt 4846743235 Victoria 4846943236 Walker 4847143237 Waller 4847343238 Ward 4847543239 Washington 4847743240 Webb 4847943241 Wharton 4848143242 Wheeler 4848343243 Wichita 4848543244 Wilbarger 4848743245 Willacy 4848943246 Williamson 48491




43 Texas

43247 Wilson 4849343248 Winkler 4849543249 Wise 4849743250 Wood 4849943251 Yoakum 4850143252 Young 4850343253 Zapata 4850543254 Zavala 48507

44 Utah

44001 Beaver 4900144002 Box Elder 4900344003 Cache 4900544004 Carbon 4900744005 Daggett 4900944006 Davis 4901144007 Duchesne 4901344008 Emery 4901544009 Garfield 4901744010 Grand 4901944011 Iron 4902144012 Juab 4902344013 Kane 4902544014 Millard 4902744015 Morgan 4902944016 Piute 4903144017 Rich 4903344018 Salt Lake 4903544019 San Juan 4903744020 Sanpete 4903944021 Sevier 4904144022 Summit 4904344023 Tooele 4904544024 Uintah 4904744025 Utah 4904944026 Wasatch 4905144027 Washington 4905344028 Wayne 4905544029 Weber 49057

45 Vermont45001 Addison 5000145002 Bennington 50003




45 Vermont

45003 Caledonia 5000545004 Chittenden 5000745005 Essex 5000945006 Franklin 5001145007 Grand Isle 5001345008 Lamoille 5001545009 Orange 5001745010 Orleans 5001945011 Rutland 5002145012 Washington 5002345013 Windham 5002545014 Windsor 50027

46 Virginia

46001 Accomack 5100146002 Albemarle 5100346004 Alleghany 5100546005 Amelia 5100746006 Amherst 5100946007 Appomattox 5101146008 Arlington 5101346009 Augusta 5101546010 Bath 5101746011 Bedford 5101946013 Bland 5102146014 Botetourt 5102346016 Brunswick 5102546017 Buchanan 5102746018 Buckingham 5102946020 Campbell 5103146021 Caroline 5103346022 Carroll 5103546023 Charles City 5103646024 Charlotte 5103746027 Chesterfield 5104146028 Clarke 5104346031 Craig 5104546032 Culpeper 5104746033 Cumberland 5104946035 Dickenson 5105146036 Dinwiddie 51053




46 Virginia

46038 Essex 5105746039 Fairfax 5105946042 Fauquier 5106146043 Floyd 5106346044 Fluvanna 5106546045 Franklin 5106746047 Frederick 5106946050 Giles 5107146051 Gloucester 5107346052 Goochland 5107546053 Grayson 5107746054 Greene 5107946055 Greensville 5108146056 Halifax 5108346058 Hanover 5108546060 Henrico 5108746061 Henry 5108946062 Highland 5109146064 Isle of Wight 5109346065 James City 5109546066 King and Queen 5109746067 King George 5109946068 King William 5110146069 Lancaster 5110346070 Lee 5110546072 Loudoun 5110746073 Louisa 5110946074 Lunenburg 5111146076 Madison 5111346080 Mathews 5111546081 Mecklenburg 5111746082 Middlesex 5111946083 Montgomery 5112146084 Nelson 5112546085 New Kent 5112746088 Northampton 5113146089 Northumberland 5113346091 Nottoway 5113546092 Orange 51137




46 Virginia

46093 Page 5113946094 Patrick 5114146096 Pittsylvania 5114346099 Powhatan 5114546100 Prince Edward 5114746101 Prince George 5114946102 Prince William 5115346103 Pulaski 5115546105 Rappahannock 5115746106 Richmond 5115946108 Roanoke 5116146110 Rockbridge 5116346111 Rockingham 5116546112 Russell 5116746114 Scott 5116946115 Shenandoah 5117146116 Smyth 5117346117 Southampton 5117546118 Spotsylvania 5117746119 Stafford 5117946122 Surry 5118146123 Sussex 5118346124 Tazewell 5118546126 Warren 5118746127 Washington 5119146129 Westmoreland 5119346132 Wise 5119546133 Wythe 5119746134 York 5119946003 Alexandria 5151046012 Bedford 5151546015 Bristol 5152046019 Buena Vista 5153046025 Charlottesville 5154046026 Chesapeake 5155046029 Colonial Heights 5157046030 Covington 5158046034 Danville 5159046037 Emporia 51595




46 Virginia

46040 Fairfax 5160046041 Falls Church 5161046046 Franklin 5162046048 Fredericksburg 5163046049 Galax 5164046057 Hampton 5165046059 Harrisonburg 5166046063 Hopewell 5167046071 Lexington 5167846075 Lynchburg 5168046077 Manassas 5168346078 Manassas Park 5168546079 Martinsville 5169046086 Newport News 5170046087 Norfolk 5171046090 Norton 5172046095 Petersburg 5173046097 Poquoson 5173546098 Portsmouth 5174046104 Radford 5175046107 Richmond 5176046109 Roanoke 5177046113 Salem 5177546120 Staunton 5179046121 Suffolk 5180046125 Virginia Beach 5181046128 Waynesboro 5182046130 Williamsburg 5183046131 Winchester 51840

47 Washington

47001 Adams 5300147002 Asotin 5300347003 Benton 5300547004 Chelan 5300747005 Clallam 5300947006 Clark 5301147007 Columbia 5301347008 Cowlitz 5301547009 Douglas 5301747010 Ferry 53019




47 Washington

47011 Franklin 5302147012 Garfield 5302347013 Grant 5302547014 Grays Harbor 5302747015 Island 5302947016 Jefferson 5303147017 King 5303347018 Kitsap 5303547019 Kittitas 5303747020 Klickitat 5303947021 Lewis 5304147022 Lincoln 5304347023 Mason 5304547024 Okanogan 5304747025 Pacific 5304947026 Pend Oreille 5305147027 Pierce 5305347028 San Juan 5305547029 Skagit 5305747030 Skamania 5305947031 Snohomish 5306147032 Spokane 5306347033 Stevens 5306547034 Thurston 5306747035 Wahkiakum 5306947036 Walla Walla 5307147037 Whatcom 5307347038 Whitman 5307547039 Yakima 53077

48 West Virginia

48001 Barbour 5400148002 Berkeley 5400348003 Boone 5400548004 Braxton 5400748005 Brooke 5400948006 Cabell 5401148007 Calhoun 5401348008 Clay 5401548009 Doddridge 5401748010 Fayette 54019




48 West Virginia

48011 Gilmer 5402148012 Grant 5402348013 Greenbrier 5402548014 Hampshire 5402748015 Hancock 5402948016 Hardy 5403148017 Harrison 5403348018 Jackson 5403548019 Jefferson 5403748020 Kanawha 5403948021 Lewis 5404148022 Lincoln 5404348023 Logan 5404548027 McDowell 5404748024 Marion 5404948025 Marshall 5405148026 Mason 5405348028 Mercer 5405548029 Mineral 5405748030 Mingo 5405948031 Monongalia 5406148032 Monroe 5406348033 Morgan 5406548034 Nicholas 5406748035 Ohio 5406948036 Pendleton 5407148037 Pleasants 5407348038 Pocahontas 5407548039 Preston 5407748040 Putnam 5407948041 Raleigh 5408148042 Randolph 5408348043 Ritchie 5408548044 Roane 5408748045 Summers 5408948046 Taylor 5409148047 Tucker 5409348048 Tyler 5409548049 Upshur 54097




48 West Virginia

48050 Wayne 5409948051 Webster 5410148052 Wetzel 5410348053 Wirt 5410548054 Wood 5410748055 Wyoming 54109

49 Wisconsin

49001 Adams 5500149002 Ashland 5500349003 Barron 5500549004 Bayfield 5500749005 Brown 5500949006 Buffalo 5501149007 Burnett 5501349008 Calumet 5501549009 Chippewa 5501749010 Clark 5501949011 Columbia 5502149012 Crawford 5502349013 Dane 5502549014 Dodge 5502749015 Door 5502949016 Douglas 5503149017 Dunn 5503349018 Eau Claire 5503549019 Florence 5503749020 Fond du Lac 5503949021 Forest 5504149022 Grant 5504349023 Green 5504549024 Green Lake 5504749025 Iowa 5504949026 Iron 5505149027 Jackson 5505349028 Jefferson 5505549029 Juneau 5505749030 Kenosha 5505949031 Kewaunee 5506149032 La Crosse 5506349033 Lafayette 55065




49 Wisconsin

49034 Langlade 5506749035 Lincoln 5506949036 Manitowoc 5507149037 Marathon 5507349038 Marinette 5507549039 Marquette 5507749072 Menominee 5507849040 Milwaukee 5507949041 Monroe 5508149042 Oconto 5508349043 Oneida 5508549044 Outagamie 5508749045 Ozaukee 5508949046 Pepin 5509149047 Pierce 5509349048 Polk 5509549049 Portage 5509749050 Price 5509949051 Racine 5510149052 Richland 5510349053 Rock 5510549054 Rusk 5510749055 Saint Croix 5510949056 Sauk 5511149057 Sawyer 5511349058 Shawano 5511549059 Sheboygan 5511749060 Taylor 5511949061 Trempealeau 5512149062 Vernon 5512349063 Vilas 5512549064 Walworth 5512749065 Washburn 5512949066 Washington 5513149067 Waukesha 5513349068 Waupaca 5513549069 Waushara 5513749070 Winnebago 5513949071 Wood 55141




50 Wyoming

50001 Albany 5600150002 Big Horn 5600350003 Campbell 5600550004 Carbon 5600750005 Converse 5600950006 Crook 5601150007 Fremont 5601350008 Goshen 5601550009 Hot Springs 5601750010 Johnson 5601950011 Laramie 5602150012 Lincoln 5602350013 Natrona 5602550014 Niobrara 5602750015 Park 5602950016 Platte 5603150017 Sheridan 5603350018 Sublette 5603550019 Sweetwater 5603750020 Teton 5603950021 Uinta 5604150022 Washakie 5604350023 Weston 56045

51 District of Columbia 51001 District of Columbia 11001


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