Dr.V.Veera Balaji Kumar

The process of a Assigning numbers or labels to different objects under study to represent them quantitatively or qualitatively is called measurement.

Primary step to identify the area or concept that is of interest.

A concept can be understood as a general idea derived or inferred from specific instances or occurrences.

A construct is a general idea or an abstract inferred or derived from specific instances.

CONSTITUTIONAL DEFINITION: ◦ Will specify the research boundaries and also will

definite the central theme of the study.◦ E.g. studying the educational system in India.◦ Whether primary education ? or secondary

education? or adult education program ? OPERATIONAL DEFINITION

◦ Defines precisely what attributes and feature of the concept are to be measured.

◦ Specifies the process of assigning a value to the concept.

◦ Acts as an interface between the theoretical concept and live environment.

The variations in the perceptions and beliefs of the measurement variables of different people that are related to the study.

E.g. The survey about beef consumption pattern - problem in Hindu dominant India.

The cross-cultural variation has to be taken into account while building questionnaires.

Nominal scale Ordinal scale Interval scale Ratio scale