Measurement Challenges for the Growth of the Hydrogen ...

Measurement Challenges for the Growth of the Hydrogen Economy

: Perspective from KRISS

APMP Focus Group of Energy Efficiency Workshop 2019

Woong KANG

Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science

I Introduction

Hydrogen Flow metering

Hydrogen Stations in Korea

Research on Hydrogen Flow in KRISS

II

III

IV

Contents

1I. Introduction

Step I Hydrogen from the tanks and oxygen are sent to the Fuel Cell stack

Step II Chemical reaction in FC stack generate power, producing electricity & water

Step III Electricity is sent to the motor, giving the vehicle emission free drive

Hydrogen Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle

Introduction

1I. Introduction

Courtesy of Toyota

ISO 19880-1

• Pressure range : 25 MPa – 100 MPa (Normal, 70MPa)• Temperature range : -40 °C – +80 °C• Flowrate range : up to 1 – 4 kg/min• Dispensing duration : 3 – 5 min

Hydrogen Flow Metering in Dispenser of Hydrogen Station

Introduction

1I. Introduction

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JAE 2601

• Hydrogen fueling into hydrogen vehicle via dispenser in the station• Wide pressure range, rapidly-changing temperature → limitation of conventional metering

• Flow metering of dispenser in the station vs Storage tank in the hydrogen vehicle• No Available Traceable methods and national standard for reliable hydrogen fuel metering

Introduction

I. Introduction

Pressure in the vehicle tank

Temperature in the vehicle tank

Hydrogen Flow Metering in Dispenser of Hydrogen Station

Introduction

Main Measurement Challenges for Hydrogen VehiclesMetroHyVE

1I. Introduction

1.5 - 2%

I Introduction




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Contents

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Operation 20 Hydrogen stations (2019 year), Scheduled to be installed 1400 stations up to 2040 year

1II. Hydrogen Station in Korea

Classified into 6 types depending on the type of hydrogen station

Research work IHydrogen Supply System


• In Korea Mostly, Tube-trailer by compressed gas truck

1. Pipeline Type

4. LPG Reforming 6. Water Electrolysis 5. CNG Reforming

2. Tube Trailer

Pipe lineHydrogen Production

Hydrogen Station

3. Package Type

Tube TrailerHydrogen Production

Hydrogen Station

Hydrogen Production

Hydrogen Station

Transport

LPGTransport LPG

ReformingHydrogen

Station

City GasPipeline CNG

ReformingHydrogen

Station

ElectricityGird Water

ElectrolysisHydrogen

Station

Research work IHydrogen Station Demonstration Case

Operation of Hydrogen Station


Hyundai Motors, Hydrogen FuelCell Electricity Vehicle

Fueling Method into the Hydrogen vehicle


700 bar, Fueling hydrogen mass 5.6kg

HYUNDAI TUCSON IX 2013 HYUNDAI NEXO 2018

Type IV, 52L X 3, 111kg

700 bar, Fueling hydrogen mass 6.3kg

Type IV, 40L, 37kg Type IV, 100L, 85kg

• Ultralight weight composite material(ILZIN Composites)

Research work IIIHydrogen Storage Tank (Type 4)



IR Communication through nozzle during hydrogen fueling process (SAE J2799)



• State of Charge

Pressure &TemperatureIn the tank

• The ratio of tank hydrogen density to the density at NWP rated at the standard(15°C)

• How much hydrogen is fueled in the tank of vehicle

State of Charge (SOC)




Discrepancy between Dispenser(Station) and SOC(Vehicle)

Dispenser - Flowmeter

?

Hydrogen Vehicle – State of Charge



Which one is reliable when flow metering in the hydrogen station ?

I Introduction




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Contents

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Chungnam Naepo Station→ Kwangshin Machine Ind.

Changwon Palyong station→ Linde

Yangjae, Namyang Station(Hyundai Motors)→ Kraus, HYOSUNG

Hydrogen Flowmeter for dispenser

Hydrogen Flow Metering

1III. Hydrogen Flow Metering

Chungnam Naepo Station→ Kwangshin Machine Ind.

Changwon Palyong station→ Linde

Yangjae, Namyang Station(Hyundai Motors)→ Kraus, HYOSUNG

Hydrogen Flowmeter for dispenser

Hydrogen Flow Metering


Coriolis mass flowmeter→ Rehonik(Germany)

Coriolis mass flowmeter→ Rehonik(Germany)

Coriolis mass flowmeter→ KOBOLD (Germany)

Principle of Coriolis mass flow meter

Hydrogen Flow Meter

• Measure the change due to the Coriolis force acting on a rotating object• Coriolis force in the swinging tube with water flow is proportional to mass flowrate• Directly measure mass flow rate, not the volume flow rate1III. Hydrogen Flow Metering

No Flow Flow

Coriolis mass flow meter(RHEONIK) in Hydrogen dispensers of Korea

Hydrogen Flow Meter


Calibration method of Coriolis mass flow meter→Calibration with Water of ambient pressure and temperature

Hydrogen Flow Calibration


I Introduction




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Contents

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Performance test of Coriolis mass flow meter

Research on Hydrogen Flow Measurement

1IV. KRISS Research for Hydrogen flow measurement

Working ConditionEffect Test

Calibration methodDevelopment

1. Density effectwith Air

2. Pressure effectwith Water

3. GravimetricStandards

• Pressure: 700 bar• Flowrate: up to 5 kg/min

Air

Density effect with alternative gas (air)





2017년 연구 수행 내용 IIDensity effect of Coriolis meter

KRISS High-Pressure Gas Flow Standard System



Air 40 bar density matching with sonic nozzle (ref.)


Coriolis meter

Sonic nozzle1.4mm2.0mm 2.9mm




Maximum error 1% different with the results of calibration by water

2017년 연구 수행 내용 IIPressure effect of Coriolis meter

KRISS Water Flow Standard System




KRISS High-Pressure Test Rig by Water up to 700 bar

High pressure pump(700 bar)

Pressure Control Valve (700bar → 2bar)

Heat Exchanger

DUT Coriolis meter(700 bar)

REF Coriolis meter (2bar): Calibrated by KRISS Liquid Flow Standard

Storage Tank



KRISS High-Pressure Test Rig by Water up to 700 bar


High pressure Pump (700 bar)DUT Coriolis meter

(700 bar)REF Coriolis meter (2bar)

: Calibrated by KRISS Liquid Flow Standard

Pressure Control Valve (700bar → 2bar)


Pressure effect test by Water 1 bar up to 700 bar


2017년 연구 수행 내용 IIDevelopment of calibration method

Mobile Gravimetric Standard to calibration and verification in Station




2017년 연구 수행 내용 IIDevelopment of calibration method

Mobile Gravimetric Standard to calibration and verification in Station




Hydrogen Storage Tank

Weighing Scalekg

Receptacle

Coriolis Flowmeter

kg

2017년 연구 수행 내용 IIKRISS Hydrogen Field Test Standard - Design


Gravimetric method for Hydrogen Flow

① Hydrogen Storage Tank

② Weighing Scale

③ Receptacle

④ Coriolis Mass Flowmeter

⑤ Vent system⑥ Purging system⑦ Transport⑧ DAQ

Type IV, 52L T

P

T

P

T

P

Valve

Valve

Valve

Weighing Scalekg

Valve

CheckValve

T

P

kg

Valve

Valve

P reliefValve

CheckValve

Valve

Valve

Valve

CheckValve

H2

①

②

③

④

⑤

⑥

⑦

2017년 연구 수행 내용 IIKRISS Hydrogen Field Test Standard



① Hydrogen Storage Tank

② Weighing Scale

③ Receptacle

④ Coriolis Mass Flowmeter

⑤ Vent system⑥ Purging system

⑦ Transport

⑧ DAQ

①

②

③

④

⑥

⑤

⑦

⑧

2017년 연구 수행 내용 IIPerformance Test of KRISS Hydrogen Field Test StandardNot Hydrogen Gas, with Nitrogen Gas (100 bar)



Pressure at Tank(Bar)

Mass flowrate of Coriolis Flowmeter(kg/s)

Time(Min:Sec)

Time(Min:Sec)

2017년 연구 수행 내용 IIPerformance Test of KRISS Hydrogen Field Test StandardNot Hydrogen Gas, with Nitrogen Gas (100 bar)



Mass flowrate of Coriolis Flowmeter(kg/s)

Time(Min:Sec)

Time(Min:Sec)

Mass of Weighing scale(kg)

Mass of Coriolis Flowmeter(kg)

2017년 연구 수행 내용 IIHydrogen Station Field Test (USA, JAPAN)

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IV. KRISS Research for Hydrogen flow measurement

NREL

IWATANI

Thank you for your kind attention!

Measurement Challenges for the Growth of the Hydrogen ...

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