meanx = 9 y

Effective plots

Steven M. HollandGeology

meanx = 9 meany = 7.5

variancex = 11 variancey = 4.12

correlationxy = 0.816 regression: y=0.5x + 3

Anscombe’s Quartet

same x mean, y mean,

x variance, y variance, correlation,

& regression!

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anscombe%27s_quartet

First rule of data analysis:

Plot your dataEdward Tufte

Washington Post

Maximize the data to ink ratio

Vibrating graphics Too many labels

Pseudo 3D Box overload

Unnecessary keys and legends Chartjunk

USA Today

Gizmodo

Business Insider

Don’t be deceptive

FOX News


FOX News


FOX News


Improving your charts

Linus Pauling, 1947

The Tufte Treatment The Tufte Treatment

Plots should make a point

Unnecessary keys and legends

Cincinnati Enquirer

Solution: direct labeling

What sports should be eliminated to save money?

Confusing visual hierarchy Solution: size & boldness reflect importance

Small multiples

Combine plots to promote comparison

Limits to how many data series can be combined Use small multiples

Small multiples - before Small multiples - after

Nest to convey patterns

Small multiples in maps

Using color

Don’t use color as decoration

Use color for emphasis

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0.40

0.80

1.20

1.60

W-a M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6

CINCINNATIANWHITE. MOHAWKIAN

Upper Black Riveran R K Sherm. Edenian Mays. Richmondian

460 455 450 445Age (Ma)

Stage

Series

EE 4.1 EE 4.2 EE 4.3

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Sequences:

study interval

MohawkianExodus

RichmondianInvasion

Use color to reflect a variable

Use color to contrast groups of data Use color to make connections

Consistency in color: make connections between slides Consistency in color: make connections between slides

Consistency in color: make connections between slides

Design plots with a message

Maximize the data to ink ratio

Use small multiples

Use color to make a point

Common plots

Bar Graph

barplot(corn, xlab='', ylab='Corn harvesting area (x1000 acres)', names.arg=names, las=1)

Ohio Michigan Georgia Alabama Wyoming Florida

Cor

n ha

rves

ting

area

(x10

00 a

cres

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0

500

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x

Frequency

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Histogram

hist(x, col="gray", main="", las=1)

10

20

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40

N

EW

Rose Diagram

rose(x, theFill=”gray”) # Function written by SMH

Scatterplot

plot(x, y, xlab="abundance", ylab="diversity", las=1, pch=16)plot(x, y, xlab="time", ylab="concentration", las=1, type="l", lwd=2)

2 3 4 5 6

−1

0

1

2

3

time

concentration

Contour Plots (Surface Plots)

contour(myX, myY, myData, xlab="meters east", ylab="meters north", las=1)filled.contour(myX, myY, myData, xlab="meters east", ylab="meters north", las=1, color.palette=rainbow)

meters east

met

ers

north

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120

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10

meters east

met

ers

north

Bubble Plot

bubble(meuse, "cadmium", maxsize=2.5, main="Cd concentration", key.entries=2^(1:4)) #requires gstat and ps packages

Cd concentration

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Bubble Plot

https://acasignups.net/21/08/11/us-covid19-vaccination-levels-county-over-time

Spartina

Juncus

Borrichia

Salicornia

Iva

Pie Chart

pie(x, labels=plants) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pie_chart

Pie charts vs. bar graphs

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pie_chart

Pie charts vs. bar graphs Ternary Charts

ternaryplot(myData, cex=0.5, col="black", labels=c("none"), main="") #requires vcd package

Feldspar Lithics

Quartz

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meanx = 9 y

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