GCE REVISION GUIDE

COMMERCE (7100)PREPARED BY JAIBEE JACOB,

HIDHAYA SCHOOL, NOONU MILADHOO, REPUBLIC OF MALDIVES

Means of Transport

TRANSPORT

Physical movement of goods and people from

one place to another

Road transport

From where did the story of road transport and use of wheel

begin?

INVENTION OF WHEELS AND ITS CHANGES OVER THE YEARS

BULLOCK CART WITH WOODEN WHEELSSuitable for

Mud roads

Cheapest means of transport

Used by farmers in villages

Very slow

BULLOCK CART WITH TYRES

Very slow

MACMILLAN’S BICYCLE

ORDINARY CYCLE- Personal Use

RICKSHAW

BIKES ORDINARY USE

BIKES FOR RACE

VEHICLES USED IN DESERT

OLDEST CAR

LATEST CARS

LATEST CARS

ORDINARY BUS

AIR CONDITIONED BUSES

DOUBLE DUCKER BUS

Now lets talk in terms of BUSINESS!!!

What do you understand by

OWN FLEET?

OWN FLEET

Advantages of Own Fleet• We can use whenever we want• We can carry goods for others also• We can advertise on the vehicles• But Well established Business should think of

having their own vehicles and when they have to deliver goods on a regular basis.

• We need large sum of money to own a vehicle• We have to repair and maintain it• We have hire a driver and salary must be paid

for his services

VEHICLES CARRYING ADVERTISEMENT

Remind the consumer In own fleet of vehicles

Vans to carry small loads

TRUCKS to large loads heavy or light weight

TRUCK

VEHICLES TO CARRY LIQUID

VEHICLES CARRYING CONTAINERS

So what are the advantages of

using road transport?

Advantages of using Road Transport

• Flexible timings• Door to Door delivery only available in road

Transport• Deliver small loads to many customer to shorter

distance by taking shortest routes.• Goods are safe under driver supervision• No elaborate packing required• Suitable for fragile goods which needs careful

handling• Cheap for short distance

What are the disadvantages of

using Road transport?

Disadvantages of Road Transport

• Construction and maintenance of Roads all through the routes• Expensive vehicles• Chances of Accidents• Not suitable for rainy seasons and

muddy roads• Noise and air pollution

What are the recent trends in

Road transport?

RECENT TRENDS IN ROAD TRANSPORT

• More Roads and Bridges• Latest Engines are used High SpeedLess Fuel consumptionVehicles that carry containers

BRIDGES FOR TRAINS

RING ROADS

Ring ROADS connecting various cities to avoid the traffic within the city

ROADS AT DIFFERENT HEIGHTS –lower roads within the city, higher roads connect other cities

STEAM ENGINE USING COAL

NOW NOT IN USE NOW

George Stephenson

Railways

ELECTRIC ENGINE

Railway lines

DIESEL ENGINE

GOODS TRAIN

GOODS CARRYING COAL

GOODS TRAIN CARRYING PIPES

GOODS TRAIN CARRYING LIQUID

GOODS TRAIN CARRYING LOGS OF WOOD

CRANES USED TO CARRY CONTAINER

TRAIN CARRYING CONTAINERS

LEVEL CROSSING- Trains are given more priority over road transport

Hi-tech trains

RAILWAY TRACKS need to laid through out the distance

RAILWAY STATION need to be constructed at towns and cities

MOUNTAINS CUT AND MADE TO TUNNEL to make short cut routes

U pin roadSettlement

Railway line

Tunnel

Road

Railways are suitable for….• Heavy and bulky goods• For long distance at cheap rates as the cost is

shared by many people or large quantity of goods

• Trains have limited stops connecting important towns and cities

• People and goods from other towns reach railway station by bus or their own vehicle

So what are the advantages of

Rail transport?

Advantages of Rail Transport

• Follow fixed Schedule- there wont be any delay; it can be trusted

• It can carry :-large number of peoplelarge quantity of bulky and heavy goodsLarge number of containersIt is faster than road and water transport

What are the disadvantages of

Rail transport?

Disadvantages

• Depend on other means of transport to reach the Railway station

• Heavy Capital expenditure to lay railway line and Railway station all through the routes

• Heavy Operating cost• Not profitable in rural areas

OLDEN DAYS TRAMWAYS

In the middle of the road

To carry people during busy hours

Latest TRAMWAYSON ROAD & RAIL

SLOW MEANS OF TRANSPORT

WATER TRANSPORT

Can be used only where there is source of water

WATER TRANSPORT only where there is source of water

IslandsBack waters

River River flowing from mountain

FERRIES- for daily passengers

RO-RO SHIP- vehicles driven in and out

RO-RO SHIP HEAVY VEHICLES with the load

Arrangement of Cars in the Deck of ship

SHIPS CARRYING CARS

CONTAINER SHIP

Barges being carried by tuck boat

CRUISE LINER LUXURY TRAVEL

Around the world/country

OIL TANKERS

Coastal shipping -along coast

Bridges

Boat

Like Dhoni carrying people

For Gravel or sand

HOUSE BOATS- Tourism

What facilities do Ports provide?

Lets find out………..

BEACH ARE SHALLOW – Not deep

Boats cannot be anchored

HARBOUR ALLOW BOATS TO ANCHOR

Water is collected

BUSY SEA PORT-monitored and every boat or ship is given space to use the port

LOADING UNLOADING Facilities for heavy loads

Space to keep the containers

BONDED WAREHOUSE-for imported and to be exported goods

SHIP REPAIR AND CONSTRUCTION

MACHINES TO CARRY CONTAINERS

Provide deep waters

BOOKING OR PURCHASING TICKETS

Fire and safety

Security of passengers and goods

Security against Bomb threat

Vigilant 24 x 7

RE-FUELING

Recollect the services provided………

• Administrative Office for booking luggage• Re-fueling facilities• Supply of food, water and other essentials• Providing deep water through dredging

( removal of waste, sand from river bed or sea bed )

• Security• Fire and safety devices

What are the advantages of

water transport?

Advantages of Water transport

• It is the most ancient means of transport and has played a vital role in international trade.

• It is suitable for carrying heavy and bulky goods over long distances at cheap rates.

• Heavy capital expenditure is incurred for making ships but cost of running is less.

What are the disadvantages of

water transport

Disadvantages of Water Transport

• It is slow so it is not suitable for goods urgently needed.

• Services are available to limited area only—where there are sources of water.

• Possibility of delay due to bad weather condition.• In international trade, there is preparation of

complicated Document, other expenses like • insurance premium, packaging and storage costs

are very high.

AIRPORT

Services provided

Services provided by the Airport• Long runways for landing and take off• Refueling• Hangars to store and repair aircraft• Fire and security• Facilities for customs and immigration check• Bonded warehouses• Cranes and equipments to handle goods

Male’ AIRPORT

RUNWAY FOR LANDING AND TAKE OFF

PROVIDES RUNWAYS

LOADING SERVICES

UNLOADING SERVICES

HANGAR

To storing and repairing

JETS SUPER FAST FLIGHTS

Used in war or for defence

HELICOPTER GIVING FOOD PACKETS

MONITORING FLOOD AFFECTED AREAS

RESCUING PEOPLE

Air Transport is very expensive

• Expensive Construction and maintenance of Airport• Expensive Aircraft• Large number of staff and workers working for

smooth functioning of this Transport system• Fastest, safe and comfortable means of Transport

for people • Safe mode for fragile, perishable and light weighted

expensive goods and goods which need urgent delivery

Disadvantages of Air Transport

• Heavy Capital Expenditure to buy acres of land, laying runways construction buildings etc..

• Expensive vehicles• Heavy Operating cost• Affected by weather condition• Limited carrying capacity

Service provided for the passenger• Lounge• Cafeteria• Check in facilities• Conveyor belt to get the luggage• Prepaid Taxis outside the Airport• Connected by Railway stations • Trolleys to carry luggage• Currency exchange $ to Rufiyaa or $ to Rupees• Internet facilities

Lounge

CHECK-IN COUNTERS

CONVEYOR BELT

PRE-PAID TAXIS

AIRPORT WELL CONNECTED BY RAIL AND ROAD

TROLLEY-TO CARRY LUGGUAGE

EXCHANGE CURRENCY

INTERNET CAFÉ’

PIPELINES FOR LIQUIDS

PIPELINES TO CARRY DANGEROUS LIQUIDS AND GASES

Pipelines

• Low operating cost• Suitable for hazardous liquids.• Leakage of pipes is dangerous and can stop

the movement of liquids• High laying cost

Special type of Transport used

for specific purposes.

HARVESTING CUTTING CROPS

SPRAYING WATER OR INSECTICIDE

ROAD ROLLERSMAKE ROADS

TANKERS

Used for war

HOVERCRAFT IN WATER

HOVERCRAFT ON LAND

Wheels were indeed Mans biggest invention.Think about it!!

The End

Lets think about creating a better world for our future!