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Presented By

Ms. Pratibha P. Chavan

(MEIT1004)

Under Guidance

Prof. V. S. Deshpande

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Introduction

Congestion Control Mechanisms Methods of Congestion Detection

Problem Statement

Motivation

Objectives

Literature Survey

Proposed Work

Conclusion References

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WSN consist of small microcontroller fitted with

sensors and some means of communication radio.

In a WSN, multiple sensors try to send data to a base

station or sinkthis could result in congestion.

3Cont.

Sink

Sensor field

Sensing node

Sensor nodes

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Congestion in WSNs has a direct impact on energy efficiency

and application QoS.

Congestion Control studies how to recover from the

congestion.

How to ensurefairand efficienttransmission rates for each

nodes in a sensor network?

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Src1 Src2

Sink

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Congestion Control method needs to be lightweight,

fair and efficient.

There are three mechanisms that can deal with this

problem:-- Congestion detection

-- Congestion notification

-- Rate adjustment

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Buffer occupancy

Check ts/ta for congested system, where ts is packet

service time and ta is packet inter arrival time. Channel Occupancy

Reporting Rate (RR)

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Design and implement mechanism to mitigate

Congestion in WSNs.

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Congestion in WSNs can lead to buffer overflow,

wastage of resources and delay or loss of critical

information from the sensor Network. Hence, there is

need to study the problem of congestion in WSNs and

it is necessary to carry out congestion control which

detects congestion precisely and regulates it fairly.

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To minimize packet loss ratio To maximize throughput

To increase PDR

To minimize energy consumption

To achieve weighted fairness for different class of

traffic

To control node wise flow

To find out the optimized buffer window size

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An Energy Efficient Congestion Control Protocol for

WSNs (EECC), 2009 IEEE

Congestion Control and Fairness in WSNs (CCF), 2009

IEEE

Congestion-Aware and Rate-Controlled Reliable

Transport in WSNs (CRRT), 2009 IEICE

Upstream Hop-by-Hop Congestion Control in WSNs

(UHCC), 2009 IEEE

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Advantages: Average energy consumed by the nodes is less.

EECC increases Packet delivery Ratio (PDR).

EECC increases throughput in terms no. of packets received.

EECC protocol achieves congestion control along with energysaving.

Disadvantages:

An efficient MAC protocol is needed to work in power saving

mode.

Sink has to perform re-clustering in case of changes in time

series reading of nodes.

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Advantages: CCF supports multiple concurrent applications.

CCF is highly robust to changes in underlying topology and

routing dynamics.

CCF ensures efficient use of network resources. It reduces oscillations, provides stability.

CCF adjusts its aggressiveness according to the spare

bandwidth in the network.

It assigns fair and efficient rate to each node.

Disadvantages:

It considers feedback delays.

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Advantages: CRRT increases the PDR and transmission efficiency.

It achieves optimal rate.

It assigns rate to the flows fairly.

CRRT has a high energy efficiency.

It has a high degree of fairness.

It avoids congestion drops both locally and centrally.

Disadvantages:

It uses centralized rate control mechanism.

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Advantages:

UHCC achieves higher throughput.

It achieves better priority-based fairness.

It has lower packet loss ratio than CCF and PCCP.

It mitigates congestion hop by hop so faster response.

Disadvantages:

It considers source traffic priority on all conditions.

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Proposed algorithm uses Buffer Occupancy as a method ofCongestion Detection.

Congestion Control is performed by Reporting Rate

adjustments.

Algorithm has to be implemented on Linux based NS2

simulator.

Algorithm considers many parameters may like higher

energy efficiency, throughput , fairness and many more.

The orientation of graphs may vary if all parameters are

considered.

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In WSNs, Congestion may cause packet loss, delay

and energy waste due to a large no. of

retransmissions and packet drops. So, it is necessary

to carry out Congestion Control which detectscongestion precisely and regulates it fairly

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[1] Guangxue Wang and Kai Liu, UHCC: Upstream Hop-by Hop CongestionControl in Wireless Sensor Networks,IEEE 2009.

[2] V. S. Felix Enigo and Dr. V. Ramchandran, EECC: Energy Efficient

Congestion Control Protocol for Wireless SensorNetworks, IEEE 2009.

[3] Swastik Brahma, Mainak Chatterjee and Kevin Kwiat, CCF: Congestion

Control and Fairness in Wireless Sensor Networks, IEEE 2009.

[4] Muhammad M. Alam and Choong Seon Hong, CRRT: Congestion-Aware

and Rate-Controlled Reliable Transport in Wireless Sensor Networks, IEICE

2009.

[5] Chonggang Wang, Kazem Sohraby, Victor Lawrence, Bo Li and Yueming

Hu, Priority-based Congestion control in Wireless Sensor Networks, in

Proc. ofIEEE 2006.

Cont

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[6] B. Hull, K. Jamieson and H. Balakrishnan, Mitigating congestion in wirelesssensor networks, in Proc. ofACM Sensys04.

[7] C.-T. Ee and R. Bajcsy, Congestion control and fairness for many-to-onerouting in sensor networks, in Proc. ofACM Sensys04.

[8] Y. Sankarasubramaniam, O. Akan, I. Akyildiz, ESRT: Event-to-Sink Reliable

Transport in Wireless Sensor Networks, in Proc. ofACM MobiHoc03.

[9] C.-Y. Wan, S.B. Eisenman, A. T. Campbell, CODA: Congestion detection and

avoidance in sensor networks, in Proc.ACM SenSys, Nov.2003.

[10] Kazem Sohraby, Daniel Minoli and Taieb Znati, Wireless Sensor Networks,

Technology, Protocols, and Applications, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2007.

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Thank you..

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