CLASS – 1 ANATOMY

(Osteology & Embryology)

1. All are true about the bones of skull exceptA. Composed of 22 bonesB. Only maxilla is mobile bone & Majority are membranous / dermatomal in origin C. Rest are united by fibrous joints/sutures D. Encloses the spinal cord

Ans: D Is wrong as it encloses structures - Procencephalon {cerebral hemi spheres 1) telencephalon, 2) Diencephalon}Mesencephalon PonsRhombencephalon Medulla oblongata, Cerebellum on posterior aspect

2. Neurocranium constitutes A. Eight bonesB. Encloses the brain, meninges, its vascularity C. Composed of membranous bonesD. All of the above

Ans: D The skull has 2 parts i. Neurocranium

Enclosing cranial cavity & contain brain, protective meninges, respective blood vessels Made up of 8 bones – paired: parietal and temporal; unpaired: frontal, occipital, ethmoid &

sphenoid bones ii. Splanchnocranium

3. Which statement is true about SplanchnocraniumA. Forms facial skeleton B. Made up of fourteen bonesC. Derived from branchial archesD. All of the Above

Ans: A Splanchnocranium forms facial skeleton, with orbit to protect organ of vision – eyes; nasal cavity with organ of smell - olfaction; oral cavity - by forming upper and epithelium lower jaws - with organ of taste-taste buds on the tongue. 14 bones – Paired: nasal, lacrimal, Zygomatic, maxilla, palatine, Inferior nasal concha. Unpaired: mandible, vomer.

4. Scaphocephaly is a condition where A. Sagital suture closes early with long and narrow skull

B. Coronal suture closes early with pointed headC. Lambdoid suture closes early with pointed headD. Closure of anterior fontanelle is late

Ans: A

5. Acrocephaly is a condition where A. Sagital suture closes earlyB. Coronal suture closes earlyC. Lambdoid suture closes earlyD. Both B and C

Ans: DPremature synostosis of cranial sutures Craniostenosis

A. Scaphocephaly - sagittal sutures close early - no increase in transverse diameter of skull - growth only in antero posterior diameter - long and narrow skull.B. Acrocephaly - coronal and lambdoid sutures close early - no increase in antero posterior diameter - only deposition of bone at sagittal suture - sharp pointed head.

6. Which of the following statement is true about occipital bone

A. Morphologically formed by fusion of three / four pre cervical vertebraeB. Ossifies by membrane C. Has got foramen ovale D. All of the Above

Ans: A Occipital bone is unpaired bone on posterior aspect of skull, consists of following parts - squamous, basilar & condylar parts. Morphologically it is formed by fusion of 3 or 4 pre cervical vertebrae.Fused body basi - occiput Fused transverse process jugular processInter vertebral foramen hypoglossal canalFused laminae squamous part up to highest nuchal line Thekal plate of otic capsule rest of squamous part above highest nuchal line

7. Which statement is true about the joint between basi sphenoid and basi occiputA. Primary cartilaginous jointB. Permit flexion of foetal skull facilitate parturition by reducing diameter of foetal head C. Called obstetrical hinge joints of BudinD. All of the Above

Ans: D

8. Types of joints formed by the occipital bones are all except

A. Fibrous/ sutural jointB. Primary cartilaginous jointC. Synovial jointD. Secondary cartilaginous joint

Ans: D Fibrous joints at peripheral margins Primary cartilaginous joint between basi occiput & basilar part of sphenoid Synovial joint - atlanto - occipital joint

9. Name the venous sinus related to occipital boneA. Superior sagittal sinusB. Sigmoid sinusC. Inferior petrosal sinus & Transverse sinus D. All of the Above

Ans: EAll are related along inner aspect of bone

Cranial intravenous sinuses - 1. Sphenoparietal 2. Cavernous 3. Inferior petrosal 4. Transverse 5. Sigmoid 6. Superior petrosal 7. Straight 8. Superior sagittal

10. Superior angle of occipital bone corresponds to

A. LambdaB. BregmaC. Posterior fontanelle of the foetal skullD. A and C

Ans: DSuperior angle corresponds to a point where sagittal suture meet lambdoid suture lambda with posterior fontanelle in foetal skull

11. Lateral angles of occipital bone corresponds to A. PterionB. Asterion C. LambdaD. Bregma

Ans: BAsterion where occipital, parietal and mastoid part of temporal bone meetCorresponds to posterior lateral fontanelle of foetal skull

12. Parietal tuber correspond to A. Wernicke's sensory speech area B. Primary visual centerC. Motor cortexD. Motor speech area

Ans: ABeneath the parietal tubers, posterior ramus of lateral sulcus ends with upturned end, surrounded by supra marginal gyrus which acts as Wernicke's sensory speech area

13. Choose the statement correct about Pterion A. 4 bones meet - frontal, parietal, temporal,

sphenoid B. Anterior branch of middle meningeal

vessels C. Stem of lateral sulcusD. All of the Above

Ans: DPterion corresponds to H shaped suture where frontal, temporal, greater wing of sphenoid and parietal bones meet; beneath which lies anterior branch of middle cerebral vessels and stem of lateral sulcus =Sylvian point.

14. The bone with all the angles vascular

AnglesCorresponds to

Related to

Antero superior

BregmaSuperior Sagittal sinus

Postero superior

LambdaSuperior Sagital sinus

Antero inferior

PterionMiddle meningeal vessels

Postero inferior

Asterion Sigmoid sinus

A. Occipital boneB. Parietal boneC. Frontal boneD. Temporal bone

Ans: B4 angles of parietal bone are –

15. Frontal tubers is prominent in A. Children B. MalesC. FemalesD. A and C

Ans: DFrontal tuber is prominent in children and females. It corresponds to frontal pole of the brain

16. Foramen caecum is seen in A. Frontal boneB. Parietal boneC. Tongue D. A and C

Ans: DFrontal bone - foramen caecum sometimes transmits and emissary vein which communicate superior sagittal sinus with veins of nasal mucosa which acts as 'safety valve' by causing nasal bleeding during increased intracranial blood pressure

17. Metopic suture is present between A. Two parietal bonesB. Parietal and frontal bonesC. Two frontal bonesD. Parietal and occipital bones

Ans: CTwo halves of frontal bones ossify by 2 separate primary centers which appear near frontal tubes. At birth, frontal bone remains as two separate bones separated by Metopic suture, which is replaced by bone at 2 years of age. Remnants of this suture may persist in adults.

18. Hypophyseal fossa is present is A. Frontal boneB. Occipital boneC. Sphenoid boneD. Temporal bone

Ans: CHypophyseal fossa is a depression in body of sphenoid, contains pituitary gland

19. Which of the following statement is true about sella turcicaA. Resemble a turkish saddle B. Consists of tuberculum sellae , hypophyseal fossa, dorsum sellaeC. Related to sphenoid boneD. All of the Above

Ans: D

20. Which of the following statement is true about foramen rotundumA. Transmits middle meningeal artery B. Transmits maxillary nerve C. Seen in greater wing of sphenoid D. A and B

Ans: DOn cerebral / superior surface of greater wing of sphenoid following are seen.

Foramen Structures transmitted

Foramen Rotundum

Maxillary nerve

Foramen Ovale

M - Mandibular nerveA - Accessory meningeal arteryL - Lesser petrosal NerveE - emissary veins

connecting cavernous sinus with pterygoid venous plexus

Foramen spinosum

M - middle meningeal arteryM - meningeal branch of

MandibularM - middle meningeal sinus

Canaliculus innominatus

Lesser petrosal nerve

Foramen vesali / emissary

Emissary vein

Sphenoidal foramen

21. Foramen ovale transmits A. Accessory meningeal artery B. Mandibular nerve & Emissary veinC. Lesser petrosal nerveD. All of the Above

Ans: D

22. Foramen spinosum transmits the following exceptA. Lesser petrosal nerveB. Nervous spinosus C. Middle meningeal artery D. Posterior trunk of middle meningeal sinus

Ans: A

23. Foramen vesali transmits A. Lesser petrosal nerve B. Emissary vein C. Nervous spinosusD. Mandibular nerve

Ans: B

24. The following are related to spine of sphenoid exceptA. Chorda tympanic nerveB. Nervous spinosus C. Auriculo- temporal nerve D. A and C

Ans: DSpine of sphenoid is related medially to chorda tympanic nerve (secretomotor to submandibular and sublingual salivary glands), laterally to Auriculo temporal nerve (secretomotor to Parotid gland) fracture Secretomotor paralysis of all three salivary glands.

25. The following are the ligaments attached to spine of sphenoid exceptA. Anterior ligament of malleus B. Pterygo Mandibular raphe C. Spheno Mandibular ligament D. Pterygo spinous ligament

Ans: B

26. Muscles attached to spine of sphenoid are A. Tensor tympani B. Stylohyoid & Styloglossus C. Tensor veli palatini D. A and C

Ans: DSpine of sphenoid gives attachment to 3 ligaments 2 tendons1. Anterior ligament of malleus 1. Tensor veli palatine 2. Sphenomandibular ligament 2. Tensor tympani

3. Pterigospinous ligament

27. Optic foramen transmits A. Oculomotor nerve and ophthalmic artery B. Optic nerve and ophthalmic arteryC. Olfactory nerve and ophthalmic arteryD. All of the Above

Ans: BOptic canal is seen between the anterior and posterior roots of lesser wing of sphenoid & the body of sphenoid Transmits optic nerve and ophthalmic artery

28. Petrotympanic fissure transmits all exceptA. Anterior ligament of malleus B. Chorda tympanic nerveC. Auriculo temporal nerveD. Tympanic branch of maxillary artery Ans: C

Petro tympanic fissure is seen in Mandibular fossa. It transmitsa) Anterior ligament of malleusb) Chorda tympanic nervec) Tympanic branch of maxillary artery

29. Choose the true statement about trigeminal impression A. Apex of petrous temporal boneB. Lodges trigeminal ganglion in meckel's cave C. Forms roof of inner earD. A and BAns: D

30. Internal acoustic meatus transmits A. VII and VIII cranial nerves B. IX, X and XI cranial nerves C. XII cranial nerve D. All of the Above

Internal acoustic meatus opens above the anterior part of the jugular foramen. It is about 1 cm long and runs transversely in a lateral direction. It is closed laterally by a perforated plate of bone (lamina cribrosa) which separates it from the internal ear. It transmits the 7th and 8th cranial nerves and the labyrinthine vessels.

31. Choose the correct match for the given structures attached to styloid process.

1.Stylohyoid muscle

AHypoglossal nerve/ occipital myotome

2.Stylomandibular ligament

BRemnant of 2nd branchial arch

3.Styloglossus muscle

CGlossopharyngeal nerve

4.Stylohyoid ligament

D Facial nerve

5.Stylopharyngeus muscle

EInvesting layer of deep cervical fascia

A. 1 – E. 2 – B, 3 – D, 4 – A, 5 – CB. 1 – D, 2 – C, 3 – A, 4 – E, 5 – BC. 1 – D, 2 – E, 3 – A, 4 – B, 5 – CD. 1 – E, 2 – C, 3 – D, 4 – A, 5 – B

Ans: C

32. Stylomastoid foramen transmits A. Vestibulo cochlear nerve

B. Facial nerve C. Stylomastoid branch of posterior auricular artery D. B and C

Ans: DStylomastoid foramen is between styloid & mastoid process & transmits facial nerve & stylomastoid branch of posterior auricular artery

33. Surgical incision of subcutaneous abscess behind the ear in children below 2 year of age may injure A. Vagus nerveB. Carotid artery C. Facial nerve D. Vestibulo cochlear nerve

Ans: CMastoid process starts developing after birth and is completed by two years. So during incision for drainage of post auricular abscess, facial nerve emerging from stylomastoid foramen (superficially placed: absence of mastoid process) may be injured.

34. Tympanic cavity with 3 ear ossicles are of adult size A. By puberty B. At birthC. By 35 years of ageD. Constantly growing

Ans: B Tympanic cavity, mastoid antrum, ear ossicles are of full adult size at birth

35. Maxillary hiatus is reduced in size by A. Uncinate process of ethmoidB. Maxillary process of inferior nasal concha C. Maxillary process of perpendicular plate of palatine bone D. All of the Above

Ans: DMaxillary hiatus is a large and irregular opening on medial surface of maxilla, leading to maxillary sinus. Above mentioned parts of bone reduce its size and it is further reduced by mucus membrane in upper part.

36. Hard palate is formed by __________ & _______________

Ans: Palatine process of maxilla and horizontal plate of palatine bone

37. Incisive fossa transmitsA. Greater palatine vesselsB. Lesser palatine vesselsC. Naso palatine nerveD. A and C

Ans: D Incisive fossa is at inter maxillary suture behind central incisors transmitting greater palatine vessels and naso palatine nerve

38. Pre maxilla is developed from A. Maxillary processB. Mandibular processC. Fronto-nasal process D. All of the Above

Ans: CThe face is developed by three processes viz. Fronto nasal process, maxillary processes and Mandibular process. Hard palate is developed from: Fronto nasal process (Pre- maxilla) and maxillary process (Rest of hard palate)

39. Match the following ligaments attached to mandible

1.Pterygo Mandibular raphe

A Lingual

2.Spheno mandibular ligament

B Angle of mandible

3.Stylomandibular ligament

C Neck

4.Capsule of temporo mandibular

D Behind 3rd molar

A. 1 – D. 2 – B, 3 – C, 4 – AB. 1 – D, 2 – C, 3 – A, 4 – BC. 1 – D, 2 – A, 3 – B, 4 – CD. 1 – D, 2 – C, 3 – B, 4 – A

Ans: C

40. Lingual nerve is related to A. Inner alveolar border behind third molar B. Above the posterior end of mylohyoid line C. Medial side of the neck D. A and B

Ans: D

41. Which statement is true about aurilculo temporal nerve A. Is a branch of mandibular nerve B. Related to neck of mandible C. Secretomotor to parotid gland D. All of the Above

Ans: DAuriculo temporal nerve is a sensory branch from posterior division of mandibular nerve related to neck of mandible and is secretomotor to parotid gland.

42. The following arteries are related to the mandible A. Lingual artery B. Facial artery C. Maxillary artery D. A and C

Facial artery loops in sub Mandibular fossa & maxillary artery medial to neck.

43. Angle of mandible in infants is A. 90ο

B. 175 ο

C. 65 ο

D. None of the above

Ans: BInfants - 160 - 175 ο

Adults - 90 ο

Old age - 140 ο

44. Mandible is ossified by A. Meckel's cartilage B. Mental ossiclesC. Secondary cartilage attached to meckel’s cartilage D. All of the Above

Ans: DMeckel's cartilage Mandibular to metal foramenMental ossicles anterior aspect of body, symphysis menti Secondary cartilages attached above Mandibular foramen ramus of mandible

45. Choose the un correct statement about mental foramen

A. Present between 1st & 2nd premolars B. Present near lower border of mandible in old ageC. Transmits mental vessels and nerves D. Present at centre between upper & lower border of today

Ans: BRests of statements are true about mental foramen

46. Match the following muscles and their corresponding insertions.

1. Lateral pterygoid A Coronoid process

2. Masseter BOuter surface of ramus

3. Temporalis C Pterygoid fovea

4. Medial pterygoid DInner surface of ramus

A. 1 – A. 2 – B, 3 – C, 4 – DB. 1 – B, 2 – D, 3 – A, 4 – BC. 1 – D, 2 – A, 3 – B, 4 – CD. 1 – C, 2 – B, 3 – A, 4 – DAns. D

47. Parietal tuber corresponds to A. Supra marginal gyrus B. Wernicke's sensory speech areaC. Posterior to posterior ramus of lateral sulcus D. All of the Above

Ans. D

48. Petro - tympanic fissure transmits all exceptA. Anterior ligament of malleusB. Chorda tympanic nerveC. Spheno Mandibular ligament D. Tympanic branch of maxillary artery

Ans: CWhich extends between spine of sphenoid of mandible behind 3rd molar.

49. Spine of sphenoid fracture leads to secretomotor paralysis of A. Sub Mandibular salivary gland B. Sub lingual salivary gland

C. Parotid salivary glandD. All of the Above

Ans. DInjury to chorda tympanic nerve related medially secretomotor to sublingual and submandibular gland. And injury to auriculotemporal nerve related laterally secretomotor to parotid gland.

50. Correct statement about anterior fontanelle A. Helps in age determinationB. Hydrated status of child & Intracranial tensionC. Used to determine position of fetal head during parturitionD. All of the Above Ans. D

- Closed indicates child > 2yrs- Dehydrated – sunken- Increased intracranial tension – bulging.

EMBRYOLOGY

51. The primary oocytes completes I – meiotic division and get converted into secondary oocyte atA. BirthB. Shortly before ovulationC. At pubertyD. By menarche

Primordial germ cell

Primary oocytes

Just before ovulation 1st meiotic division Prolonged prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase

After fertilisation 2nd meiotic division ootidPrimary oocyte completes prophase of 1st meiotic division at birth and enters into prolonged resting phase (dictyolene stage) unit shortly before ovulation.

52. The 1st polar body formed along with secondary oocyte toA. Get fertilised with spermB. Eliminate extra chromosomes during meiotic divisonC. To eliminate all cytoplasm from secondary oocytesD. All of the above

Ans: B

Primary oocyte (2n)

Secondary oocyte(n) with all cytoplasm of primary oocyte

1st polar body with scanty cytoplasm

Formed to eleminate extra chromosome at end of 1st meiosis division

Present in perivitelline space.

53. Secondary oocyte completes 2nd meiotic divisionA. After fertilizationB. After ovulationC. At pubertyD. After formation of morula

Ans:A

54. The mature ovum after ovulation is covered by _________A. Vitelline membraneB. Zona pellucicle & Corona radiatesC. A and BD. None of the above

Ans: CMature ovum has 3 protective coverings which has to be dissolved by sperm to fertilize the ovum- Vitelline membrane – plasma membrane- Zona pellucida – amorphous material rich in glycoprotein- Corona radiata – cells of graffian follicle -cumulus oopherus.

55. At the end of single oogenesis, number of mature ovum formed areA. FourB. TwoC. OneD. Sixteen

Ans: CBecause of formation of polar bodies in perivitelline space which helps in excluding excess chromosomes during the 1st meiosis.

56. After ovulation graffian follicle is converted intoA. Atretic follicleB. Primary follicleC. Corpus luteumD. All of the above

Ans: C

57. Spermatogenesis takes place atA. TestisB. ProstateC. Seminal vesicleD. Ovary

Ans: ATestis are the male gonads which produce spermatozoa and testicular hormones

58. Spermatogenesis consists ofA. SpermatocytosisB. MeiosisC. SpermiogenesisD. All of the above

Ans: DSpermatogenesis is a process of conversion of primordial germ cells into spermatozoa. It consists of

- Spermatocytosis in which Primordial germ cellsMitosis Meiosis: primary spermatocyte Secondary SpermatocyteSpermatids

Spermiogenesis where nonmotile spermatids are converted into motile spermatozoa.

59. Head of mature spermatozoa is made upA. Acrosomal capB. NucleusC. Axial filamentsD. A and C

Ans: DMature spermatozoa consists of following parts:Head – nucleus and acrosomal cap (derived from golgi apparatus)Neck – 1 centriole and 2 cylindersBody- axial filaments, mitochondrial sheath, cytoplasm and cell membrane fibrous sheath.Tail – axial filaments, cytoplasm and cell membraneEnd piece – fibrous sheath and absent.

60. Ovulation rupture of graffin follicle is caused byA. Oestrogen surgeB. Progesterone surgeC. LH stageD. None of the above

Ovulation is because of LH (luteinising harmones) increased secretion from anterio pituitary.

61. The vitelline black function isA. To prevent other sperms binding of ovumB. Prevents polyspermyC. Favours further zygote developmentD. B and C

After fertilisation of ovum by a single sperm, the cortical granulesof ovum modifies the vitelline membrane and acts as ‘vitelline block’ which prevents polyspermy (other sperms to enter into fertilised ovum)

62. Choose correct statement about effects of fertilization.A. Restore diploid number of chromosomes in zygoteB. Completion of second meiotic division of female gameteC. Determination of chromosomal sex, polarity of embryoD. All of the above

63. Fertilization age of fetusA. Menstrual ageB. 40 weeksC. Two weeks less than menstrual age of fetusD. 280 days

The date of pregnancy is calculated from the first day of cast menstrual period – menstrual age = 40 weeks/280days.Fertilisation age of fetus = menstrual age - 14 because ovulation takes place about 14 days after menstruation.

64. Germinal period includesA. First to third week of developmentB. Cleavage division to formation of trilaminar germ disc.C. ImplantationD. All of the above

Gestational period is divided into 3 stages:- Germinal period/pre-embryonic period – from 1-3 weeks- Embryonic period -4th to 8th week- Foetal period – 3rd month to termination of pregnancy.

65. 12-16 cells stage of embryo is calledA. BlastulaB. MorulaC. BlastocystD. None of the above

12-16 cell stage of development is called morula because of its resemblance to mulberry.

66. Outer cell mass in a blastocyst gives riseA. TrophoblastB. Meant for protectionC. Helps in nourishment of developing fetusD. All of the above

67. _______ is single layered fetal membraneA. ChorionB. AmnionC. DecidusD. Trophoblast

68. Inner cells mass in blastocyst give rise to A. Embryo properB. Protective coveringsC. PlacentaD. None of the above

Blastoyst with cavity blastocele by 2 sets of cells:- Trophoblast –give rise to protective and nurishing parts to fetus- Inner cell mass/ embryoblast develops into fetus/embryo proper.

69. Choose correct statement about Syncytio trophoblastA. Seen external to cytotrophoblastB. Cell membrane of individual cells indistinctC. Is multinucleated protoplasmic massD. All of the above

Trophoblast differentiates into:

- Outer cytophoblast with dstinct cell membrane- Inner syncytiotrophoblast – multinucleated mass of protoplasm.

70. Placenta develops inA. Decidua basalisB. Decidua capsularisC. Decidua parietalisD. All of the above

Uterine decidua (endometrium after implantation) is divides into 3 parts.

- Decidua basalis at site of implantaties where placenta develops- Decidua capsulariesaround rest of blastocyst- Decidua parietalis lines rest of uterine cavity.

71. Teritary chorionic villi hasA. Cyto and syncytiotrophoblastB. Cyto and syncytiotrophoblast + primary mesodermC. Cyto and syncytiotrophoblast + primary mesoderm + blood vesselsD. All of the above

Chorionic villi of placenta is sprouting from chorion.

Primary villi – cyto+syncytiotrophoblastSecondary villi - cyto+syncytiotrophoblast + mesodermal coreTertiary villi - cyto+syncytiotrophoblast + mesodermal core + blood vessels in mesodermal core.

72. Prechordal plate indicatesA. Is thickening of endodermal layer at cephalic end of germ discB. Confers bilateral symmetry of the embryoC. Site of development of mouth and organises of head region.D. All of the above

73. Identify the primary inducerA. Otic placocleB. Auditory vesicleC. NotochordD. Dorsal tip of blastopore

Dorsal lip of blastopore acts as primary induces/organiser/ inductor and induces development of brain and spinal cord by development of notochord.

74. Remnants of notochord A. Nucleus pulposusB. Apical ligament of densC. Basi occiput and basisphenoidD. All of the above

Notochord acts as an inducer and maker the overlying neural plate (ectoderm) is develop into neural tube give rise to brain and spinal cord notochord disintegrates and above mentioned are its remnants.

75. The disc shaped embryonic dic is converted into cylindrical embryo byA. Head foldB. Tail foldC. Two lateral foldD. All of the above

76. Umbelical cord usually containsA. Three arteriesB. Two arteries and one veinC. One artery and two veinD. Three veins

Umberlical artery carry deoxygenated blood an veins carry oxygenated blood.

77. The branchial apparatus is compound ofA. Ectodermal clefts/groovesB. Branchial archesC. Endodermal pouchesD. All of the above

The branchial apparatus has above mentioned components and is responsible for development of face, neck, definitive mouth, pharynx and larynx

78. Mesodermal derivative of pharyngeal apparatusA. Skeletal element and muscle massesB. Arterial archesC. Nerve derived form hind brain vesicleD. All of the above

79. Artery of third aortic arch isA. Stapedial arteryB. Common carotid arteryC. Subclavian arteryD. Pulmonary artery

ARCHES ARTERIES

1st Maxillary artery

2nd Stapedial artery

3rd Common corotid artery and stem of internal carotin artery

4th

- Right side – right subclavina artery

- Left side – arch of aorta

5th disappears.

6th Right and left pulmonary artery,Ductus arteriosus in fetal life – ligamentum arteriosum after birth.

80. ________ is derived from 6th aortic/arterial archA. Right pulmonary arteryB. Left pulmonary arteryC. Ductus/ligamentum arteriosumD. All of the above

81. Left subclavian artery is derived from A. Fourth arch arteryB. Left seventh intersegmental arteryC. Dorsal aortaD. All of the above

82. Right subclavian artery is developed fromA. Right 4th arch arteryB. Part of right dorsal aortaC. Right 7th intersegmental arteryD. All of the above

83. Nerve of 1st branchial arch is _______A. Mandibular nerveB. Maxillary nerveC. Chordatympanic nerveD. A and C

ARCHES NERVES

1st Mandibular nerve + chorda tympanie nerve

2nd facial

3rd Glossopharyngeal nerve

4th - Superior laryngeal nerve

5th disappears.

6th Right laryngeal nerve.

84. First arch is also called asA. Maxillary archB. Mandibular archC. Hyoid archD. Frontonasal arch

85. Meckel’s cartilage derivates are allA. Upper lip, upper jaw, palateB. Anterior ligament of malleus and spheno -mandibular ligamentC. Body of mandibleD. Malleu, incus.

86. Reichert’s cartilage derivates are all exceptA. Malleus, incusB. StapesC. Lesser cornu and superior part of body of hyoidD. Styloid process, stylohyoid ligament

87. Skeletal element of third arch give rise toA. Lesser cornu of hyoidB. Greater cornu of hyoidC. Lower part of body of hyoid boneD. B and C

88. Following muscles derived from 1st arch exceptA. Tensor tympani and palatiniB. Posterior belly of digastricC. Muscles of masticationD. Mylohyoid

Tensor tympani, tensor veli paratine, anterior belly of digastric, mylohyoid and 4 muscles of mastication – temporalis, masseter, medial and lateral pterygoid.

89. Complete branchial fistula extends between A. Common carotid artery of internal jugular veinB. External and internal carotid arteriesC. Posterior of carotid sheathD. None of the above

Extends between external and internal carotid arteries.Cause: approximation of the second pharyngeal pouch with cleft followed by rupture of closing membrane.

90. Tympani membrane development is fromA. EctodermB. MesodermC. EndodermD. All of the above

Tympanic membrane is tridermal 3 layers has:

- Outer cuticular layer – from ectoderm – first branchial cleft- Middle fibrous layer – mesoderm of 1st pharyngeal membrane.- Inner mucous layer – tubotympanic recess of endoderm.

91. Thymus develops fromA. Third pharyngeal pouchB. Stem cell of bone marrowC. Ectoderm of 3rd archD. A and B

- Thymus develops along with parathyroid III (inferiour parathyroid) from 3rd endodermal pharyngeal pouch – cytoreticulum and hassal’s corpuscles

- Lymphocytes appear in thymic rudiments from stem cells of bone marrows.

92. Tongue develops fromA. Lingual swellingB. Tuberculum imparC. Hypo branchial eminenceD. All of the above

Mucous membrane of tongue develops from:

- 2 lingual swelling – at 1st arch – supplied by lingual branch of mandibular nerve

- Tuberculum impar – junction of 1st and 2nd arch – supply of chorda tympanic nerve – pretematic nerve of 1st arch

- Hypobranchial eminece – at 2nd, 3rd, 4th arch level - supplied by glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves..

93. Fronto nasal process derivatives are all exceptA. Alae and septum of noseB. Upper lip – lateral part

C. Phillrum of upper lipD. Primitive palate.

Because it is derived from maxillary process

94. Maxillary process derivates are all exceptA. Upper lipB. Lower lipC. Upper jawD. Upper cheek

Because derived by mandibular process

95. Mandibular arch give rise to all exceptA. Lower jawB. Lower lipC. Lower cheekD. None of the above

96. Non union of lingual swelling lead to A. AglossiaB. Bifid tongueC. MicroglossiaD. Ankyloglossia

97. Choose the notochordal remnant A. Neural tube B. Nucleus pulposus C. Cerebrum D. All of the Above

Notochordal remnants – nucleus pulposus apical ligament of dent

98. Development of neural tube is induced byA. BlastoporeB. Notochord C. Neural crest cellsD. All of the Above

99. Chorion constitutes all exceptA. Somatopleuric primary mesodermB. Sphlanchnopleuric primary mesodermC. Cytotrophoblast D. Syncytiotrophoblast

Other 3 layers constituent’s Chorion

100. Name the cavity developing enormously during fetal development A. Yolk sacB. Amniotic cavityC. Extra embryonic coelomD. Intra embryonic coelom

Amniotic cavity develops all around developing embryo, rest diminished in size.