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Md. Kawsar Hawlader Senior Lecturer Dept. Of Biology Sub:Biology Second Paper

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Human Physiology: Co-ordination and Control. Chapter-8

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After completing this lesson students should be able to describe the structure of human brain. tell the functions of different parts of brain. Learning output

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The swollen, large and complex part of the central nervous system which enclosed in a protective hard cranium of the skull and control all activities of the body is called brain.

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The covering of the brain- Meninges There are 3 layers of meninges-a.Dura mater b. Arachnoid and c. Pia mater. Dura mater Skull Arachnoid pia mater Sub dural space Subarachniod space

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Structure of Brain There are three parts of human brain- Forebrain or Prosencephalon Midbrain or Mesencephalon Hindbrain or Rhombencephalon

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Forebrain consists of 3 parts- 1.Cerebrum: 2.Thalamus 3.Hypothalamus Cerebrum Thalamus Hypothalamus

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Left cerebrum Right cerebrum The largest and uppermost part of the brain. 80% of brain Is consists of gyri and sulci

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The cerebrum is divided into 6 lobes: Frontal Parietal(2) Occipital Temporal(2)

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Gyrus Sulcus Functions of Cerebrum: o Reasoning, will, intelligence, memory, personality and ethics. o Muscular movement.

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Thalamus o Thalamus is a oval part of brain situated beneath the each cerebral hemisphere Functions: o Pain, pleasure, emotions. o Reflex movement. o Regulating of sleeping and wakefulness o Relay station of conducting impulse.

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Hypothalamus o The hypothalamus forms the floor of the brain that contains pituitary. o Homeostasis, partial control of sleeping and wakefulness, regulating of body temperature, food intake, metabolism, water balance and reproduction. Hypothalamus

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Midbrain or Mesencephalon It is a short constricted mass of brain. Midbrain is divided into 3 parts- a. Cerebral peduncle b. corpora quadrigemina c. cerebral aqueduct. Functions: o Sleeping, consciousness, vision, hearing, temperature regulatig. Midbrain

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Hindbrain consists of 3 parts- 1.Cerebellum 2.Medulla oblongata 3.pons Medulla oblogata

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It is the second largest part of the brain. Two parts of cerebellum are connected with vermis. Functions : o Balance and equilibrium in walking, swimming and riding. o Simultaneous actions like eating while talking.

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It is called the brainstem. Functions: o Breathing, digestion, heart, blood vessel function, swallowing and sneezing.

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Pons The nerve tracts between the brain and spinal cord cross from the left side to the right side. o Functions: o Reflex center, regulating respiration

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Pons Midbrain Medulla oblongata Spinal cord

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There are 3 ventricles of the brain- Functions: protection of brain Lateral Third Forth

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Group-A Write down the different parts of forebrain. Group-B Write down the different parts of hindbrain.

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Evaluation Dr. Hassan said, there is a co-ordination center in human body which co ordinates all the function of human body. This center is consisted of numerous special cells. The human life can not be imagined without this special center. a.What is meninges ? b.What is meant by corpus callosum? c.Explain the first portion of the mentioned center. d.Analyze the last sentence of the stem.

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Home Work Draw a figure of human brain.

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