Chapter 1Emergency Era (1948-1960)

Introductionclosely related to the Communist Party of Malaya (MCP).

Communist in Malaya started in 1920s through the branch of the Kuomintang Party.

Majority members: Chinese.

Introduction MCP was also known as MPAJA (The Malayan Peoples Anti Japanese Army).

Supported and supplied by the British to harass the occupying Japanese.

After Japanese rule ended, the MCP formed Malayan Races Liberation Army (MRLA).

Introduction MRLA Communist Republic of Malaya.

Min Yuen - to provide the party with food and medical supplies, get information about British.

Communist Threat MCP failed to establish the Communist Republic of Malaya through peaceful means.

In June 1948, the MCP launched an armed uprising in Malaya.

1948-51, attacks on estates, mines, police stations, and the publics (Europeans) .

Communist Threat MCP used guerilla war tactics.

Strategies cripple the economy, conquer big cities and towns.

Emergency Era16 June 1948 Perak and Johor as emergency areas.

17 June 1948 a state of emergency was declared to the whole Malaya.

23 July 1948 MCP was banned.

Reason: The murder of three European estate managers in Perak.

Emergency Law, 1948gave powers to the police and soldiers to arrest and detain communist suspect without trial.

Measures TakenBriggs Plan

Military Measures

Psychological Warfare (Templer Plan)

Briggs PlanIntroduced by Sir Harold Briggs.

To relocate the squatter areas from the edge of the forest to a new village; and to launch starvation movement.

Aim: to restrict the Chinese from supplying food, medicine, information to the communist.

Briggs PlanThe relocation plan started on 1 June 1950.

1952 more than 400,000 Chinese squatters relocated to 400 new villages.

This plan was effective; weaken Min Yuen.

Military MeasuresIntroduced by Sir Gerald Templer.

13 battalions of English soldiers, Gurkhas and Malays.

Training 67,000 special Malay soldiers.

Military MeasuresHome Guards systems with 210,000 of them in 1953.

Assistance from the Commonwealth military (Australia, NZ and Rhodesia Zimbabwe and Zambia).

Psychological Warfare Introduced by Sir Gerald Templer.

Easy citizenship to Non-Malays.

Grant pardon to surrendered MCP members.

Psychological WarfareReward people who provide information on the communists and give out pamphlets calling the communist terrorist to give up their fight.

White and Black Areas.

Curfews (areas they hunting for communists).

Psychological Warfare

Psychological Warfare

Psychological Warfare

Psychological Warfare

The Baling Negotiation28 and 29 December 1955. MCP (Chin Peng, Chen Tien and Rashid Maidin).

government (Tunku Abdul Rahman, David Marshall, Tan Cheng Lock)

The Baling NegotiationFailed.

MCP want to be legally recognized, government refused.

MCP refused to accept counter offer from the government.

Impact of the Emergency 31 July 1960, end of emergency.

A number of people killed and injured.

Properties were destroyed.

Economy was crippled.

Impact of the EmergencyNew Villages were developed.

Ethnic Tension.

British grant independence.

The EndThank You