mcgraw hill Chapter 30 the_urinary_system

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© 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved The Urinary System The Urinary System PowerPoint® presentation to accompany: Medical Assisting Third Edition Booth, Whicker, Wyman, Pugh, Thompson

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Transcript of mcgraw hill Chapter 30 the_urinary_system

Page 1: mcgraw hill Chapter 30 the_urinary_system

© 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

The Urinary SystemThe Urinary SystemPowerPoint® presentation to accompany:

Medical AssistingThird Edition

Booth, Whicker, Wyman, Pugh, Thompson

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© 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

30-2

Learning Outcomes

30.1 Describe the structure, location, and functions of the kidney.

30.2 Define the term nephron and describe its structure.

30.3 Explain how nephrons filter blood and form urine.

30.4 List substances normally found in urine.

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Learning Outcomes (cont.)

30.5 Describe the locations, structures, and functions of the ureters, bladder, and urethra.

30.6 Explain how urination is controlled.

30.7 Describe the causes, signs and symptoms, and treatments of various diseases and disorders of the urinary system.

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Introduction

KidneysKidneys

UretersUreters

BladderBladder

UrethraUrethra

System functions to remove waste products from the blood Main functional units of the kidneys are the nephrons Nephrons filter the blood and form the urine

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30-5

The Kidneys

Functions

Remove metabolic waste products from the blood Secrete the hormone erythropoietin, which stimulates

bone marrow to produce red blood cells Secrete the hormone renin, which helps regulate blood pressure

DescriptionThe kidneys are bean-shaped organs that lie behind the peritoneal cavity (retroperitoneal) on either side of the vertebral column.

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Renal sinus – concave depression of the surface of the kidney

Hilum – point of entry for the renal artery, renal vein, and ureter

Renal pelvis – expansion of the ureter that further divides into calyces

The Kidneys (cont.)

Kidney

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Renal cortex – outermost portion of the kidney that covers the pyramids and dips down between them

Renal medulla – middle portion that also divides into renal pyramids

Renal column – portion of the cortex between pyramids

The Kidneys (cont.)

Kidney

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The Kidneys: Nephrons

Renal Corpuscles

Composed of a group of capillaries called a glomerulus Glomerulus is surrounded by Bowman’s capsule Blood filtration occurs in corpuscle

Removes waste products from the blood Each kidney contains about 1 million nephrons Made of a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule

Extend from the Bowman’s capsule of a nephron Consist of three parts:

Proximal convoluted tubule Loop of Henle Distal convoluted tubule

Renal Tubules

Glomerulus

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The Kidneys – Nephrons (cont.)

Veins of the Kidney

Afferent Arteriole

Glomerulus

Efferent Arteriole

Peritubular Capillaries

Afferent arterioles deliver blood to the glomeruli

Efferent arterioles carry blood from the glomeruli to peritubular capillaries

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Apply Your Knowledge

What are the functions of the kidney?

ANSWER: The kidney removes metabolic waste products from the blood, secretes erythropoietin to help regulate RBC production, and secretes renin to help regulate the BP.

Correct!

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Urine Formation: Glomerular Filtration

First process occurs in renal corpuscles

Fluid part of the blood is forced from glomerulous into Bowman’s capsule Becomes glomerular filtrate

Glomerulus

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Factors affecting glomerular filtration Filtration pressure – amount of pressure

that forces filtrate from the glomerulus into Bowman’s capsule. Determined by blood pressure

Rate of filtration – sympathetic nervous system control Constriction of afferent arterioles decreases

filtration pressure

Urine Formation: Glomerular Filtration (cont.)

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Second process in urine formation Glomerular filtrate proximal convoluted tubule

Nutrients, water, and ions pass through the walls of the renal tubule into the peritubular capillaries

Water reabsorption depends on hormones Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Aldosterone Both increase water reabsorption, which decreases urine

production

Urine Formation: Tubular Reabsorption

Tubular Reabsorption

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Urine Formation: Tubular Secretion

Third process of urine formation

Substances move from blood in the peritubular capillaries into the renal tubules

Secreted substances

Drugs

Hydrogen ions

Waste products

Tubular Secretion

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Urine composition Mostly water Urea and uric acid

Formed by the breakdown of proteins and nucleic acids

Trace amounts of amino acids and various ions

Secretion of waste products helps maintain the acid-base balance

Urine Formation (cont.)

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Apply Your Knowledge

Match the following:

___ Second process in urine formation A. Glomerular filtration

___ Substances move from blood into renal tubules B. Tubular reabsorption

___ Depends on filtration pressure C. Tubular secretion

___ Third process of urine formation

___ First process of urine formation

___ Filtrate flows into the proximal convoluted tubule

C

C

B

A

A

B

ANSWER:

Nice Job!

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Ureters, Urinary Bladder, and Urethra (cont.)

Urinary bladder Expandable muscular organ

Stores up to 600 ml urine on average

Detrusor muscle – smooth muscle in wall of bladder Trigone – triangle on internal floor of bladder formed by

urethra and ureters Micturation

Process of urination Stretching of bladder triggers process

Approximately 150cc of urineBladder

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Impulses to contract urethra; inhibit micturition impulse until ready to urinate

Urination External urethral

sphincter relaxes Micturation reflex –

impulses from pons and hypothalamus

Detrusor muscle contracts

Urine expelledBladderdistends

Stretch receptors

Spinal cord

Parasympathetic nerves stimulate detrusor muscle

Brain stemand

cerebralcortex

Ureters, Urinary Bladder, and Urethra (cont.)

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Urethra Tube that moves urine from the bladder to the

outside world Shorter in females – patient education

Urinate when urge occurs Drink adequate clear fluids Wipe front to back Urinate after intercourse

Ureters, Urinary Bladder, and Urethra (cont.)

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30-24

True or False:

___ Ureters move urine by peristalsis.

___ The detrusor is formed by the openings of the ureters and urethra.

___ The process of micturition is triggered when the bladder contains about

150 ml urine.

___ The urethra move urine from the kidney to the bladder.

___ The urethra is longer in females.

___ Contraction of the detrusor muscle pushes urine from the bladder.

Apply Your Knowledge

F

F

T

F

T

trigone

males

ureters

T

ANSWER:

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Diseases and Disorders of the Urinary System

Disease/Disorder Description

Acute renal failure Sudden loss of kidney function; may be reversible with treatment

Chronic renal failure

Kidneys slowly use ability to function; not reversible

Cystitis Urinary bladder infection; more common in females

Glomerulonephritis Inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney; one cause of chronic renal failure

Incontinence Inability to control urination

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Disease/Disorder Description

Polycystic kidney disease

Enlargement of kidneys because of the presence of many cysts within them; slow, progressive disease

Pyelonephritis Complicated urinary tract infection; starts with a bladder infection and spreads to both kidneys; can be acute or chronic

Renal calculi Kidney stones; can become lodged in ducts within kidneys or ureters

Diseases and Disorders of the Urinary System

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Apply Your Knowledge

Matching:

___ Complicated urinary tract infection A. Pyelonephritis

___ Inability to control urination B. Glomerulonephritis

___ Kidney stones C. Incontinence

___ Slow loss of kidney function D. Chronic renal failure

___ Bladder infection E. Renal calculi

___ Inflammation of the glomeruli F. Cystitis

___ Kidney enlargement due to cysts G. Acute renal failure

___ Sudden loss of kidney function H. Polycystic kidney disease

H

G

F

E

D

C

B

A

ANSWER:GOOD JOB!

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30-28

In Summary The organs of the urinary system include the

kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra The kidneys remove metabolic waste products from

the blood and secrete erythropoietin and renin Urine travels through the ureters to the bladder Stretching of the bladder triggers micturition reflex Urine travels from the bladder through the urethra to

the outside world

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30-29

This too shall pass—just like a kidney stone.

~H. Madson


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