Francis Rumsey y Tim Mc Cormick - Introduccion al Sonido y la Grabacion.pdf
Mc cormick -_violent_video_games
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Transcript of Mc cormick -_violent_video_games
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“Is it Wrong to Play Violent Video Games?”
Matt McCormick
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Ethical Theories
• McCormick covers potential arguments based on all three theories--
1. Utilitarianism
2. Deontology
3. Virtue Ethics
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The Argument: premises
1. It’s hard to believe there’s no effect.
2. Games and school shootings are often in the news together and representation as linked.
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The Argument: premises
3. TV Violence desensitizes
4. Video games are active, not passive with violence.
• You aren’t just watched someone being killed, you are pulling the trigger.
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The argument: conclusion
“Common sense indicates that playing such games makes committing real violence easier, however slightly ….
Playing violent games of this sort must have a negative effect on his or her moral character.”
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Distinctions
Threefold distinction in how violent video games may affect us--
1. Dangerous – directly increases risk of harm
2. Harmful – inflicts harm
3. Risk increasing – Makes other two more likely
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The Other side
1. Merely playing ok – it’s fake.
2. The argument would make acting in movies immoral
• You are still simulating the violence.
• People are reluctant to believe this.
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Utilitarian analysis
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The question:
Are video games risk-increasing?
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Needs to prove
1. People more likely to harm others as result of playing
2. This outweighs benefits of games
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But:
• The research isn’t that strong
• We routinely accept worse risks
• Weigh vs. benefits:
• Fun for millions
• New technologies
• Side note: There’s also evidence that many games have positive cognitive benefits.
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Summary:
It’s going to be very hard to prove the risks are worse than the benefits compared to other activities we say are ok.
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Deontological analysis
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Means/ends:
• Committing violence against someone reduces them to a means
• Explains intuition about bad sportsmanship
• So are multiuser games especially bad?
• You are playing against an actual person rather than an automated opponent.
• Disinhibition online (racist, homophobic, etc.)
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Means/ends:
So are multiuser games especially bad?
• Disinhibition online (racist, homophobic, etc.)
• But: we often make sport of doing harm
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Indirect Duties
Kant says:
• Animal cruelty bad
• Increases the likelihood of mistreating people
• Butchers and doctors shouldn’t be jurors –
• They are desensitized.
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Indirect Duties: answer
• Joystick not a knife
• Players often respect each other
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Still a problem--Example: Star Trek Holodeck is a more advanced video game– a
simulated experience only much more realistic.
Would Pedophilia on the Star Trek Holodeck seem wrong?
Utilitarianism– an act cannot be wrong only the consequences (no real victims)
Kantianism – cannot complain about the disrespect of actual persons (only possibly that it could increase risk of the
behavior in real life)
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Aristotelian analysis
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The argument
1. You are working to achieve Eudaimonia.
2. You need habituation and training to do the right thing.
3. Violent games cultivate the wrong sort of character.
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The Holodeck Problem
• Being a holo-murderer or holo-pedophile is still reinforcing virtueless habits.
• Not wrong because it will increase the risk of the act or have a bad result
• It is wrong because it erodes character and distances you from the goal of achieving eudiamonia.
• Should the goal of good character also be to make us treat others better?
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McCormick’s conclusion
Negative Thesis--
• If violent games bad, it’s not because they lead us to harm others.
• Our intuitions are confused.
Positive Thesis--
• It may have a negative effect on character.
McCormick admits that there are limitations with applying classical ethical theories to new technologies.