Mbi121 8 f12-classnotes
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Transcript of Mbi121 8 f12-classnotes
Fungi
• Diverse Kingdom• Single cell / multicellular• All are heterotrophic• Produce “exoenzymes” &
spores (not same as bacteria)
• Yeast, mushrooms, molds, lichens
Important roles of fungi
• Decomposers• Symbiotic relationship w/plants• Bread, wine, beer, antibiotics• Similar to animal cells– “model” organisms
Yeast - single cell fungi• Crucial to our daily lives - foods• Yeast can use sugar to produce alcohol
– When [O2] drops
• Model system to study genetics, cell division
(See Fig. 8.1)
Mycotoxins
• Many types of fungi produce toxins• Some are helpful (antibiotics)• Some harmful (carcinogenic)• Some deadly (Amanita mushroom)
Amanita phalloides
• “Death cap”• 5-24hrs nausea, vomiting,
diarrhea• 2-3 days feel better• Liver & kidney failure
Animal pathogens
• Many fungal infections are opportunistic• Candida• Cryptococcus neoformans (birds)
– infection of lungs & meninges– Very dangerous for AIDS, immuno-suppressed
• Very difficult to treat
Bacteria (& Archaea) are among the most abundant organisms on earth
• Outnumber eukaryotes• Outweigh eukaryotes• Diverse environments– Metabolically diverse
• ID’d ~2% of total species on Earth• Cyanobacteria
D. radiodurans
• Extremely R to radiation• Survive 3 million rads• Humans die if exposed
to 500 rads• Repairs DNA at extreme
rate